JP6693512B2 - 熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム - Google Patents
熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6693512B2 JP6693512B2 JP2017514212A JP2017514212A JP6693512B2 JP 6693512 B2 JP6693512 B2 JP 6693512B2 JP 2017514212 A JP2017514212 A JP 2017514212A JP 2017514212 A JP2017514212 A JP 2017514212A JP 6693512 B2 JP6693512 B2 JP 6693512B2
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Description
従来、冷凍機用冷媒、空調機器用冷媒、発電システム(廃熱回収発電等)用作動媒体、潜熱輸送装置(ヒートパイプ等)用作動媒体、二次冷却媒体等の熱サイクルシステム用の作動媒体としては、クロロトリフルオロメタン、ジクロロジフルオロメタン等のクロロフルオロカーボン(CFC)、クロロジフルオロメタン等のヒドロクロロフルオロカーボン(HCFC)が用いられてきた。しかし、CFCおよびHCFCは、成層圏のオゾン層への影響が指摘され、現在、規制の対象となっている。
しかし、二酸化炭素は、HFC−134aに比べて機器圧力が極めて高くなるため、全ての自動車へ適用するためには、多くの解決すべき課題を有する。HFC−152aは、燃焼範囲を有しており、安全性を確保するための課題を有する。
[2]前記1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンが、(Z)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンおよび(E)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンを、(Z)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン:(E)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンで示される質量比で、51:49〜100:0の割合で含む[1]に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[3]前記安定剤が、耐酸化性向上剤、耐熱性向上剤および金属不活性剤から選ばれる少なくとも1種の安定剤である請求項[1]または[2]に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[4]前記安定剤が、フェノール系化合物、不飽和炭化水素基含有芳香族化合物、芳香族アミン化合物、芳香族チアジン化合物、テルペン化合物、キノン化合物、ニトロ化合物、エポキシ化合物、ラクトン化合物、オルトエステル化合物、フタル酸のモノまたはジアルカリ金属塩化合物、水酸化チオジフェニルエーテル化合物、からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である[3]に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[5]前記安定剤を1質量ppm以上含む請求項[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[6]さらに、冷凍機油を含む[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[7]前記冷凍機油が、エステル系冷凍機油、エーテル系冷凍機油、炭化水素系冷凍機油、ナフテン系冷凍機油から選ばれる少なくとも1種である[6]に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[8]前記熱サイクル用作動媒体がさらに飽和のヒドロフルオロカーボンを含む[1]〜[7]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[9]前記熱サイクル用作動媒体がさらにヒドロフルオロオレフィンを含む[1]〜[8]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[10]前記熱サイクル用作動媒体がさらに1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン以外のヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを含む[1]〜[9]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[11]前記熱サイクル用作動媒体に占める1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンの割合が10〜100質量%である[1]〜[10]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[12]前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の100質量%に対する1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンの含有量が20〜95質量%である[11]に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[13][1]〜[12]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物を用いた、熱サイクルシステム。
[14]前記熱サイクルシステムが冷凍・冷蔵機器、空調機器、発電システム、熱輸送装置または二次冷却機である[13]に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
[15]前記熱サイクルシステムが遠心式冷凍機である[13]に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
[16]前記熱サイクルシステムが低圧型遠心式冷凍機である[13]に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
[熱サイクルシステム用組成物]
熱サイクルシステム用組成物は、HCFO−1224ydを含む熱サイクル用作動媒体と、熱サイクル用作動媒体の劣化を抑制する安定剤とを含む。
以下、本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物が含有する各成分を説明する。
本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物は熱サイクル作動媒体として、HCFO−1224ydを含有する。本発明に用いられる熱サイクル作動媒体は、HCFO−1224ydに加えて、必要に応じて、後述する任意成分を含んでいてもよい。作動媒体の100質量%に対するHCFO−1224ydの含有量は、10質量%以上が好ましく、10〜100質量%がより好ましく、20〜100質量%が一層好ましく、40〜100質量%がより一層好ましく、60〜100質量%がさらに好ましく、90〜100質量%が最も好ましい。
本発明の熱サイクル用作動媒体は、混合物にする場合は、HCFO−1224ydを20質量%以上95質量%以下含むことが好ましい。
HCFO−1224ydは、上記したように、燃焼性を抑えるハロゲンと、大気中のOHラジカルによって分解され易い炭素−炭素二重結合をその分子内に有しており、燃焼性が抑えられ、オゾン層への影響が少なく、かつ地球温暖化への影響が少ない熱サイクル用作動媒体である。
本発明に用いる熱サイクル用作動媒体は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲でHCFO−1224yd以外に、通常作動媒体として用いられる化合物を任意に含有してもよい。このような任意の化合物(任意成分)としては、例えば、HFC、HFO、HCFO−1224yd以外のHCFO、これら以外の、HCFO−1224ydとともに気化、液化する他の成分等が挙げられる。任意成分としては、HFC、HFO、HCFO−1224yd以外のHCFOが好ましい。
作動媒体が任意成分を含有する場合、HCFO−1224ydと任意成分が共沸組成である場合を除いて相当の温度勾配を有する。作動媒体の温度勾配は、任意成分の種類およびHCFO−1224ydと任意成分との混合割合により異なる。
任意成分のHFCとしては、上記観点から選択されることが好ましい。ここで、HFCは、HCFO−1224ydに比べてGWPが高いことが知られている。したがって、HCFO−1224ydと組合せるHFCとしては、上記作動媒体としてのサイクル性能を向上させ、かつ温度勾配を適切な範囲にとどめることに加えて、特にGWPを許容の範囲にとどめる観点から、適宜選択されることが好ましい。
HFCは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
HFOについても、上記HFCと同様の観点から選択されることが好ましい。なお、HFOであれば、GWPはHFCに比べて桁違いに低い。したがって、HCFO−1224ydと組み合わせるHFOとしては、GWPを考慮するよりも、上記作動媒体としてのサイクル性能を向上させ、かつ温度勾配を適切な範囲にとどめることに特に留意して、適宜選択されることが好ましい。
HCFO−1224yd以外の任意成分としてのHCFOについても、上記HFCと同様の観点から選択されることが好ましい。なお、HCFO−1224yd以外であってもHCFOであれば、GWPはHFCに比べて桁違いに低い。したがって、HCFO−1224ydと組合せるHCFO−1224yd以外のHFOとしては、GWPを考慮するよりも、上記作動媒体としてのサイクル性能を向上させ、かつ温度勾配を適切な範囲にとどめることに特に留意して、適宜選択されることが好ましい。
本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物に用いる作動媒体は、上記任意成分以外に、二酸化炭素、炭化水素、クロロフルオロオレフィン(CFO)、ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィン(HCFO)等を含有してもよい。その他の任意成分としてはオゾン層への影響が少なく、かつ地球温暖化への影響が小さい成分が好ましい。
炭化水素は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
CFOは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物は、上記HCFO−1224ydを含有する作動媒体と共に安定剤を含有する。この安定剤は、作動媒体、特に上記したHCFO−1224ydの劣化を防止できるものであればよく、特に限定されずに使用できる。このような安定剤としては、耐酸化性向上剤、耐熱性向上剤、金属不活性剤等が挙げられる。
ニトロ化合物としては、ニトロメタン、ニトロエタン、ニトロプロパン等が挙げられる。
耐酸化性向上剤および耐熱性向上剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
これら金属不活化剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
さらに、本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物には、上記作動媒体および安定剤以外に、通常の熱サイクルシステム用組成物が含むのと同様に冷凍機油を含むことができる。
その中でも、本発明の必須の作動媒体成分であるHCFO−1224ydとの相溶性の観点からエステル系冷凍機油、エーテル系冷凍機油等の含酸素系合成冷凍機油、炭化水素系冷凍機油、ナフテン系冷凍機油が好ましく、二塩基酸エステル、ポリオールエステル、コンプレックスエステル、ポリオール炭酸エステル、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリアルキレングリコール、アルキルベンゼンおよびナフテン系冷凍機油が好ましい。
エステル系冷凍機油の基油成分としては、化学的な安定性の面で、二塩基酸と1価アルコールとの二塩基酸エステル、ポリオールと脂肪酸とのポリオールエステル、またはポリオールと多価塩基酸と1価アルコール(又は脂肪酸)とのコンプレックスエステル、ポリオール炭酸エステル等が挙げられる。
二塩基酸エステルとしては、シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸等の二塩基酸、特に、炭素数5〜10の二塩基酸(グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸等)と、直鎖または分岐アルキル基を有する炭素数1〜15の一価アルコール(メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール、ペンタノール、ヘキサノール、ヘプタノール、オクタノール、ノナノール、デカノール、ウンデカノール、ドデカノール、トリデカノール、テトラデカノール、ペンタデカノール等)とのエステルが好ましい。この二塩基酸エステルとしては、具体的には、グルタル酸ジトリデシル、アジピン酸ジ(2−エチルヘキシル)、アジピン酸ジイソデシル、アジピン酸ジトリデシル、セバシン酸ジ(3−エチルヘキシル)等が挙げられる。
ポリオールエステルとは、多価アルコール(ポリオールともいう。)と脂肪酸(カルボン酸)とから合成されるエステルであり、炭素/酸素モル比が2以上7.5以下、好ましくは3.2以上5.8以下のものである。
コンプレックスエステルとは、脂肪酸および二塩基酸と、一価アルコールおよびポリオールとのエステルである。脂肪酸、二塩基酸、一価アルコール、ポリオールとしては、上述と同様のものを用いることができる。
二塩基酸としては、シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸等が挙げられる。
ポリオール炭酸エステルとは、炭酸とポリオールとのエステルである。
ポリオールとしては、ジオール(上述と同様のもの)を単独重合または共重合したポリグリコール(ポリアルキレングリコール、そのエーテル化合物、それらの変性化合物等)、ポリオール(上述と同様のもの)、ポリオールにポリグリコールを付加したもの等が挙げられる。
エーテル系冷凍機油の基油成分としては、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリアルキレングリコール等が挙げられる。
ポリビニルエーテルとしては、ビニルエーテルモノマーを重合して得られたもの、ビニルエーテルモノマーとオレフィン性二重結合を有する炭化水素モノマーとを共重合して得られたもの、およびポリビニルエーテルと、アルキレングリコールもしくはポリアルキレングリコール、またはそれらのモノエーテルとの共重合体がある。
ビニルエーテルモノマーは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。オレフィン性二重結合を有する炭化水素モノマーとしては、エチレン、プロピレン、各種ブテン、各種ペンテン、各種ヘキセン、各種ヘプテン、各種オクテン、ジイソブチレン、トリイソブチレン、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、各種アルキル置換スチレン等が挙げられる。オレフィン性二重結合を有する炭化水素モノマーは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
ビニルエーテルモノマーとしては、下記一般式(3)の化合物が挙げられる。
本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物に冷凍機油の基油成分として用いられる上記一般式(1)で表される構成単位を有するポリビニルエーテルは、その末端を本開示例に示す方法及び公知の方法により、所望の構造に変換することができる。変換する基としては、飽和の炭化水素、エーテル、アルコール、ケトン、アミド、ニトリルなどを挙げることができる。
本実施形態におけるポリビニルエーテルは、上記したモノマーをラジカル重合、カチオン重合、放射線重合などによって製造することができる。重合反応終了後、必要に応じて通常の分離・精製方法を施すことにより、目的とする一般式(1)で表される構造単位を有するポリビニルエーテル系化合物が得られる。
ポリアルキレングリコールとしては、炭素数2〜4のアルキレンオキシド(エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド等)を、水や水酸化アルカリを開始剤として重合させる方法等により得られたものが挙げられる。また、ポリアルキレングリコールの水酸基をエーテル化したものであってもよい。ポリアルキレングリコール中のオキシアルキレン単位は、1分子中において同一であってもよく、2種以上のオキシアルキレン単位が含まれていてもよい。1分子中に少なくともオキシプロピレン単位が含まれることが好ましい。
R101−[(OR102)k−OR103]l …(9)
(式中、R101は水素原子、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数2〜10のアシル基又は結合部2〜6個を有する炭素数1〜10の脂肪族炭化水素基、R102は炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基、R103は水素原子、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基又は炭素数2〜10のアシル基、lは1〜6の整数、kはk×lの平均値が6〜80となる数を示す。)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
さらにlが2以上の場合には、1分子中の複数のR103は同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
(式中、hは6〜80の数を表す。)
CH3O−(C2H4O)i−(C3H6O)j−CH3 …(11)
(式中、iおよびjはそれぞれ1以上でありかつiとjとの合計が6〜80となる数を表す。)
C4H9O−(C3H6O)h−H …(12)
(式中、hは6〜80の数を示す。)
CH3O−(C3H6O)h−H …(13)
(式中、hは6〜80の数を表す。)
(式中、iおよびjはそれぞれ1以上であり且つiとjとの合計が6〜80となる数を表す。)
C4H9O−(C2H4O)i−(C3H6O)j−H …(15)
(式中、iおよびjはそれぞれ1以上であり且つiとjとの合計が6〜80となる数を表す。)
CH3COO−(C3H6O)h−COCH3 …(16)
(式中、hは6〜80の数を表す。)
このポリオキシアルキレングリコール類は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
炭化水素系冷凍機油の基油成分としては、アルキルベンゼンを用いることができる。
熱サイクルシステム用組成物における、冷凍機油の含有量は、本発明の効果を著しく低下させない範囲であればよく、作動媒体100質量部に対して、10〜100質量部が好ましく、20〜50質量部がより好ましい。
鉱油系冷凍機油としては、パラフィン系冷凍機油、ナフテン系冷凍機油のうち、作動媒体と相溶性の高いナフテン系冷凍機油を用いることが好ましい。
ナフテン系冷凍機油の基油成分としては、1分子中に少なくとも1個の飽和環(ナフテン環)を含む炭化水素で、炭素数5個のシクロペンタンと炭素数6個のシクロヘキサンが最も基本となる環状化合物であり、ナフテン系原油を常圧蒸留または減圧蒸留して得られた潤滑油留分を、溶剤脱れき、溶剤抽出、水素化分解、溶剤脱ろう、接触脱ろう、水素化精製、および白土処理などの精製処理を適宜組み合わせて精製したナフテン基油などが使用できる。
熱サイクルシステム用組成物における、冷凍機油の含有量は、本発明の効果を著しく低下させない範囲であればよく、作動媒体100質量部に対して、10〜100質量部が好ましく、20〜50質量部がより好ましい。
熱サイクルシステム用組成物は、その他、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲で公知の任意成分を含有できる。このような任意成分としては、例えば、漏れ検出物質が挙げられ、この任意に含有する漏れ検出物質としては、紫外線蛍光染料、臭気ガスや臭いマスキング剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の熱サイクルシステムは、本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物を用いたシステムである。本発明の熱サイクルシステムは、凝縮器で得られる温熱を利用するヒートポンプシステムであってもよく、蒸発器で得られる冷熱を利用する冷凍サイクルシステムであってもよい。
発電システムとして、具体的には、蒸発器において地熱エネルギー、太陽熱、50〜200℃程度の中〜高温度域廃熱等により作動媒体を加熱し、高温高圧状態の蒸気となった作動媒体を膨張機にて断熱膨張させ、該断熱膨張によって発生する仕事によって発電機を駆動させ、発電を行うシステムが例示される。
潜熱輸送装置としては、装置内に封入された作動媒体の蒸発、沸騰、凝縮等の現象を利用して潜熱輸送を行うヒートパイプおよび二相密閉型熱サイフォン装置が挙げられる。ヒートパイプは、半導体素子や電子機器の発熱部の冷却装置等、比較的小型の冷却装置に適用される。二相密閉型熱サイフォンは、ウィッグを必要とせず構造が簡単であることから、ガス−ガス型熱交換器、道路の融雪促進および凍結防止等に広く利用される。
(i)蒸発器14から排出された作動媒体蒸気Aを圧縮機11にて圧縮して高温高圧の作動媒体蒸気Bとする(以下、「AB過程」という。)。
(ii)圧縮機11から排出された作動媒体蒸気Bを凝縮器12にて流体Fによって冷却し、液化して低温高圧の作動媒体Cとする。この際、流体Fは加熱されて流体F’となり、凝縮器12から排出される(以下、「BC過程」という。)。
(iii)凝縮器12から排出された作動媒体Cを膨張弁13にて膨張させて低温低圧の作動媒体Dとする(以下、「CD過程」という。)。
(iv)膨張弁13から排出された作動媒体Dを蒸発器14にて負荷流体Eによって加熱して高温低圧の作動媒体蒸気Aとする。この際、負荷流体Eは冷却されて負荷流体E’となり、蒸発器14から排出される(以下、「DA過程」という。)。
BC過程は、凝縮器12で等圧冷却を行い、高温高圧の作動媒体蒸気Bを低温高圧の作動媒体Cとする過程であり、図2においてBC線で示される。この際の圧力が凝縮圧である。圧力−エンタルピ線とBC線の交点のうち高エンタルピ側の交点T1が凝縮温度であり、低エンタルピ側の交点T2が凝縮沸点温度である。ここで、HCFO−1224ydが他の作動媒体との混合媒体であって非共沸混合媒体である場合の温度勾配はT1とT2の差として示される。
DA過程は、蒸発器14で等圧加熱を行い、低温低圧の作動媒体Dを高温低圧の作動媒体蒸気Aに戻す過程であり、図2においてDA線で示される。この際の圧力が蒸発圧である。圧力−エンタルピ線とDA線の交点のうち高エンタルピ側の交点T6は蒸発温度である。作動媒体蒸気Aの温度をT7で示せば、T7−T6が(i)〜(iv)のサイクルにおける作動媒体の過熱度(以下、必要に応じて「SH」で示す。)となる。なお、T4は作動媒体Dの温度を示す。
COP=Q/圧縮仕事=(hA−hD)/(hB−hA) …(B)
M2/nO・Al2O3・xSiO2・yH2O …(C)
ただし、Mは、Na、K等の1族の元素またはCa等の2族の元素であり、nは、Mの原子価であり、x、yは、結晶構造にて定まる値である。Mを変化させることにより細孔径を調整できる。
熱サイクルシステム用組成物が含有する作動媒体や安定剤の分子径よりも大きい細孔径を有する乾燥剤を用いた場合、作動媒体や安定剤が乾燥剤中に吸着され、その結果、作動媒体や安定剤と乾燥剤との化学反応が生じ、不凝縮性気体の生成、乾燥剤の強度の低下、吸着能力の低下等の好ましくない現象を生じることとなる。
熱サイクルシステム用組成物に対するゼオライト系乾燥剤の使用割合は、特に限定されない。
安定剤2:1,4−ベンゾキノン
安定剤3:フェノチアジン
安定剤4:3−メトキシフェノール
冷凍機油2(ポリビニルエーテルを主成分とする冷凍機油):エチルビニルエーテルとイソブチルビニルエーテルの共重合体でエチルビニルエーテルとイソブチルビニルエーテルのモル比が7/1で、炭素/酸素のモル比が4.3で、動粘度が40℃で68mm2/sのもの
冷凍機油3(ポリアルキレングリコールを主成分とする冷凍機油):ポリプロピレングリコール両末端をメチルエーテル化した化合物、炭素/酸素のモル比が2.7
冷凍機油4(アルキルベンゼンを主成分とする冷凍機油):アルキルベンゼン(炭素数が10〜13のアルキルベンゼンと、炭素数が14〜30のアルキルベンゼンの混合物で、動粘度が40℃で20mm2/sのもの)
冷凍機油6(ポリビニルエーテルを主成分とする冷凍機油):エチルビニルエーテルとイソブチルビニルエーテルの共重合体でエチルビニルエーテルとイソブチルビニルエーテルのモル比が7/1で、炭素/酸素のモル比が、4.3、動粘度が40℃で46mm2/sのもの
冷凍機油7(ポリオールエステルを主成分とする冷凍機油):ペンタエリスリトールオクタン酸ノナン酸エステル、炭素/酸素のモル比が4.8で、動粘度が40℃で100mm2/sのもの
冷凍機油8(ポリビニルエーテルを主成分とする冷凍機油):エチルビニルエーテルとイソブチルビニルエーテルの共重合体でエチルビニルエーテルとイソブチルビニルエーテルのモル比が7/1で、炭素/酸素のモル比が4.3で、動粘度が40℃で100mm2/sのもの
例1〜367で得られた熱サイクルシステム用組成物を、内部に150mlのガラス筒を入れた200mlのステンレス製の耐圧容器にそれぞれ入れた。ここで、作動媒体の配合量は50g、安定剤の配合量は0.5g(作動媒体に対して1質量%)であり、冷凍機油を配合する場合は、50gを加える。さらに、酸素濃度を18体積%になるように調整した空気を入れて密閉した。次いで、密閉した耐圧容器を恒温槽(パーフェクトオーブンPHH−202、エスペック株式会社製)中に175℃で14日間保存し、次のように作動媒体の酸分量および冷凍機油の全酸価分析を行った。
上記試験後の耐圧容器を室温になるまで静置した。
吸収瓶4本にそれぞれ純水を100ml入れ、導管で直列に連結したものを準備した。
室温になった耐圧容器に、純水を加えた吸収瓶を連結したものをつなぎ、徐々に耐圧容器の弁を開放して、冷媒ガスを吸収瓶の水中に導入し、冷媒ガスに含まれる酸分を抽出した。
抽出後の吸収瓶の水は、1本目と2本目を合わせて指示薬(BTB:ブロモチモールブルー)を1滴加え、1/100N−NaOHアルカリ標準液を用いて滴定した。同時に、吸収瓶の3本目および4本目の水を合わせて同様に滴定し、測定ブランクとした。これら測定値と測定ブランクの値から、試験後の冷媒に含まれる酸分をHCl濃度として求めた。
JIS−K2211(冷凍機油)の全酸価分析方法に準拠した方法で、作動媒体ガス回収後の冷凍機油全酸価値の測定を次のように行った。上記試験後の耐圧容器内に残った冷凍機油を秤りとり、トルエン/イソプロパノール/水混合溶液に溶解させ、指示薬としてp−ナフトールベンゼインを用いて、1/100N−KOH・エタノール溶液にて中和滴定し、滴定量から冷凍機油の全酸価値(mg・KOH/g)を測定した。
Claims (16)
- 1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンを含む熱サイクル用作動媒体と、前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の劣化を抑制する安定剤と、を含む熱サイクルシステム用組成物であって、
前記1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンが、(Z)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンおよび(E)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンを、(Z)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン:(E)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンで示される質量比で、51:49〜100:0の割合で含むことを特徴とする熱サイクルシステム用組成物。 - 前記質量比が、80:20〜90:10である請求項1に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記安定剤が、耐酸化性向上剤、耐熱性向上剤および金属不活性剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の安定剤である請求項1または2に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記安定剤が、フェノール系化合物、不飽和炭化水素基含有芳香族化合物、芳香族アミン化合物、芳香族チアジン化合物、テルペン化合物、キノン化合物、ニトロ化合物、エポキシ化合物、ラクトン化合物、オルトエステル化合物、フタル酸のモノまたはジアルカリ金属塩化合物、水酸化チオジフェニルエーテル化合物、からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である請求項3に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記安定剤を1質量ppm〜10質量%含む請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- さらに、冷凍機油を含む請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記冷凍機油が、エステル系冷凍機油、エーテル系冷凍機油、炭化水素系冷凍機油、ナフテン系冷凍機油からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の油である請求項6に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記熱サイクル用作動媒体がさらに飽和のヒドロフルオロカーボンを含む請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記熱サイクル用作動媒体がさらにヒドロフルオロオレフィンを含む請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記熱サイクル用作動媒体がさらに1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン以外のヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを含む請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記熱サイクル用作動媒体に占める1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンの割合が10〜100質量%である請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の100質量%に対する1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンの含有量が20〜95質量%である請求項11に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物を用いた、熱サイクルシステム。
- 前記熱サイクルシステムが冷凍・冷蔵機器、空調機器、発電システム、熱輸送装置または二次冷却機である請求項13に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
- 前記熱サイクルシステムが遠心式冷凍機である請求項13に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
- 前記熱サイクルシステムが低圧型遠心式冷凍機である請求項13に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
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CN101687937B (zh) | 2007-06-27 | 2013-11-27 | 阿科玛股份有限公司 | 稳定的氢氯氟烯烃类以及氢氟烯烃类 |
IN2015DN00142A (ja) | 2008-03-07 | 2015-07-10 | Arkema Inc | |
WO2011091404A1 (en) | 2010-01-25 | 2011-07-28 | Arkema Inc. | Heat transfer composition of oxygenated lubricant with hydrofluoroolefin and hydrochlorofluoroolefin refrigerants |
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WO2014080868A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-30 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ランキンサイクル用作動媒体およびランキンサイクルシステム |
CN104449580B (zh) * | 2013-09-24 | 2018-01-26 | 中化蓝天集团有限公司 | 一种含有hfc‑161和稳定剂的组合物 |
JPWO2015125878A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-24 | 2017-03-30 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム |
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EP3287502A4 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
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