JP6689197B2 - スクリーニング方法 - Google Patents
スクリーニング方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6689197B2 JP6689197B2 JP2016535435A JP2016535435A JP6689197B2 JP 6689197 B2 JP6689197 B2 JP 6689197B2 JP 2016535435 A JP2016535435 A JP 2016535435A JP 2016535435 A JP2016535435 A JP 2016535435A JP 6689197 B2 JP6689197 B2 JP 6689197B2
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- NSFFHOGKXHRQEW-AIHSUZKVSA-N thiostrepton Chemical compound C([C@]12C=3SC=C(N=3)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NC(/C=3SC[C@@H](N=3)C(=O)N[C@H](C=3SC=C(N=3)C(=O)N[C@H](C=3SC=C(N=3)[C@H]1N=1)[C@@H](C)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C4C=C[C@H]([C@@H](C4=N3)O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N2)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@H](C)O)[C@](C)(O)[C@@H](C)O)=C\C)[C@@H](C)O)CC=1C1=NC(C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)NC(=C)C(N)=O)=CS1 NSFFHOGKXHRQEW-AIHSUZKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930188070 thiostrepton Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940063214 thiostrepton Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NSFFHOGKXHRQEW-OFMUQYBVSA-N thiostrepton A Natural products CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1N[C@@H]2C=Cc3c(cc(nc3[C@H]2O)C(=O)O[C@H](C)[C@@H]4NC(=O)c5csc(n5)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H]6CSC(=N6)C(=CC)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)c7csc(n7)[C@]8(CCC(=N[C@@H]8c9csc4n9)c%10nc(cs%10)C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)C(=C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@](C)(O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@H](C)O NSFFHOGKXHRQEW-OFMUQYBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000030901 thyroid gland follicular carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030045 thyroid gland papillary carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019179 thyroid gland undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010044008 tonsillitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010046766 uterine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 208000013139 vaginal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
特定の実施態様において、FoxM1遺伝子は、ヒトFoxM1遺伝子である。
特定の実施態様において、がんは、肝臓、前立腺、脳、乳房、肺、結腸、膵臓、皮膚、子宮頸部、卵巣、口、血液及び神経系のがんから成る群より選択される。
(I)
[上式中、R1は、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクロアルキルから選択され、この三つの置換基はすべて、C1−7アルキル、C1−7アルコキシ、C1−7ハロアルコキシ、C1−7ハロアルキル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、シアノ、NO2で置換されていてもよく;
R2は、ヘテロシクロアルキル、NR’R’’で置換されていてもよいC1−7アルコキシ、又はヒドロキシ、NR’R’’−C1−7アルキル、ヒドロキシ−C1−7アルキル、C3−8シクロプロピル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、C1−7アルコキシ−C1−7アルキル、ヒドロキシ−C1−7アルコキシ−C1−7アルキル、ハロゲン又はアザスピロシクロアルキル、アザビシクロアルキル、NR‘R’‘で置換されていてもよいC2−7アルキニルで置換されていてもよいヘテロシクロアルキル、又はC1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよいヘテロアリールであり;
R3は、ハロゲン、C1−7アルキルであり;
R`及びR``は、水素、C1−7アルキル、ヒドロキシ−C1−7アルキルから独立して選択される]
の化合物である。
R1は、フェニル、イミダゾ[1,2−a]ピラジニル、ピラゾロ[1,5−a]ピラジニル、イミダゾ[1,2−a]ピリジニル、1,3−ベンゾオキサゾリル、インダゾリルである。
a)FoxM1遺伝子を発現している増殖細胞を試験化合物と接触させること、
b)工程a)の細胞中の、FoxM1の変異体FoxM1Aを測定すること
を含み、コントロールと比較したFoxM1A変異体のレベルの増加が、がんの予防又は治療のための化合物であることを示唆している方法を提供する。
a)FoxM1遺伝子を発現している増殖細胞を試験化合物と接触させること、
b)工程a)の細胞中の、FoxM1の変異体FoxM1B及び/又は変異体FoxM1Cを測定すること
を含み、コントロールと比較した変異体FoxM1B及び/又は変異体FoxM1Cのレベルの低下が、がんの予防又は治療のための化合物であることを示唆している方法を提供する。
本発明の方法の特定の実施態様において、FoxM1の変異体はRNAのレベルで測定される。
本発明の方法の特定の実施態様において、FoxM1の変異体はタンパク質のレベルで測定される。
別の実施態様は、本発明の化合物及び治療上不活性な担体、希釈剤若しくは賦形剤を含有する薬学的組成物又は医薬、並びにそのような組成物及び医薬を調製するための、本発明の化合物の使用方法を提供する。一実施例では、式Iの化合物は、周囲温度で、適切なpH及び所望の純度で、生理学的に許容される担体、すなわち、用いる用量及び濃度でレシピエントに対して非毒性の担体と混合することによりガレヌス(galenical)投与形態に製剤化されうる。製剤のpHは主に、特定の用途及び化合物の濃度に依存するが、好ましくは約3から約8までの範囲である。一実施例では、式Iの化合物は、酢酸緩衝液中pH5で製剤化される。別の実施態様において、式Iの化合物は無菌である。該化合物は、例えば、固体又は非晶質組成物として、凍結乾燥製剤として、又は水溶液として保存されてもよい。
工程A:アセトン(200mL)中1H−ピラゾール−3,5−ジカルボン酸ジエチル(10.0g、47mmol)及びクロロアセトン(3.76mL、47mmol)の溶液に、炭酸カリウム(7.2g、52mmol)を添加した。30℃で6時間加熱後、混合物を濃縮し、揮発性物質を除去した。残留物をEtOAcに取り、水で洗浄した。有機物をMgSO4上で乾燥させ、濃縮して1−(2−オキソプロピル)−1H−ピラゾール−3,5−ジカルボン酸ジエチルを明褐色の固体として得、それを次の工程でそのまま使用した。MS m/z 269.1 [M+H]+
FoxM1のスプライシングの効果を調べるため、用量反応範囲の(in dose response)化合物1−4を用いてヒト線維芽細胞を24時間処理し、Δ9エクソンを含む(FoxM1A)か又は含まない(FoxM1B/C)mRNAの存在をRT−qPCRにより解析した。得られた用量反応曲線は、ヒルの結合方程式にフィットさせた。図1Aは、全化合物がエクソン9を含むFoxM1A mRNAの発現を増加させたことを示し、化合物1、2、3及び4のEC50値はそれぞれ0.246、0.016、1.210及び0.068μMと算出された。それに応じて、エクソン9(Δ9バージョン)を欠くFoxM1B/Cアイソフォーム)のmRNAは低下し、化合物1、2、3及び4のEC50値はそれぞれ0.724、0.014、3.541及び0.104μMであった。FoxM1AのアップレギュレーションとFoxM1B/Cのダウンレギュレーションに関するEC50値の相関分析は、同一線からの明らかなずれがない見事な線形相関(r2=0.992)を明らかにした(図1C)。データは、FoxM1AのアップレギュレーションとFoxM1B/Cのダウンレギュレーションとの密接且つ直接的な関数関係を示す。
細胞増殖及び生存に対する変異FoxM1発現の効果を調査するため、xCELLigenceプラットフォームで用量反応範囲の化合物1−4を用いてヒト線維芽細胞を120時間処理し、増殖速度及び細胞死をオンラインでモニターした。図2Aに示す通り、化合物2は、5日間で用量0.1及び0.3μMで増殖に穏やかな効果を及ぼしたのに対し、>1μMの用量では強い毒性を誘導した。低下するセルインデックスの定量測定値を、増殖の減速と細胞死の誘導のための読み出しとして定義するために、無処理コントロールに対してセルインデックスを75%に低下させた化合物の濃度である、75%のカットオフ値が予測された(ED75%)。72、96及び120時間でのセルインデックスの定量は、全化合物が、高用量でED75%に達したことを明らかにした(図2B)。データは、FoxM1のFoxM1Aへの選択的スプライシングの誘導が増殖の減速及び細胞死を誘導したことを示す。
セルインデックスの低下に関するED75%の、FoxM1B/C低下に関するEC50との相関関係は見事な線形相関を示した(r2=0.963)。したがって、〜10倍の活性の変化は、ED75%を達成するためには、FoxM1B/C低下に関するEC50を10倍上回る濃度が必要であることを示した(図3A)。同様に、セルインデックスの低下についてのED75%もFoxM1A誘導に関するEC50と相関があり、見事な線形相関(r2=0.951)及び10から15倍の活性の変化を示すが、ED75%に達するためには、FoxM1Aの誘導に関するEC50を10倍から15倍上回る濃度が必要であることを示した(図3B)。データは、FoxM1B/CからFoxM1AへのFoxM1のスプライシングの>90の変化が、細胞増殖及び生存の測定値としてのセルインデックスの有意な低下を誘導するために必要であることを示す。
FoxM1のFoxM1Aへの選択的スプライシングがタンパク質レベル及び細胞死の有意な変化をもたらすのかどうかを評価するために、ヒト初代筋芽細胞を増殖条件下で処理してFoxM1発現を調節し、その結果を評価した。増殖条件下では、FoxM1Aがウェスタンブロットにより検出可能であったが、低濃度であった(図4A)。10μMまでの用量の化合物3での処理は、細胞数の直接マーカーであるアクチンのタンパク質レベルを強力に低下させたが、FoxM1Aのタンパク質レベルは増加させた(図4A)。タンパク質レベルの定量分析は、アクチンがコントロールと比較して6倍低下しており(図4B)、これに対しFoxM1Aレベルは、同じ試料中で5倍近く増加した(図4C)。アクチンに正規化した場合、FoxM1Aタンパク質レベルは、最も高い用量で30倍増加した(図4D)。データは、増殖している筋芽細胞においては、FoxM1Aへの選択的スプライシングがFoxM1Aタンパク質を増加させ、細胞死を誘導すること示す。
FoxM1のFoxM1Aへの選択的スプライシングが増殖していない細胞中にも存在するかどうかを評価するために、同一のヒト初代筋芽細胞を分化させ、非増殖条件下でもFOXM1の発現が存在し、同様に調節されうるかどうかを調査した。分化条件下では、FoxM1Aは、ウェスタンブロットにより検出不可能であった(図5A)。10μMまでの用量の化合物3での処理は、細胞数のマーカーであるアクチンのタンパク質レベルの低下を全く示さなかった(図5A)。タンパク質レベルの定量分析は、アクチンがコントロールと比較して変化しなかったことを示し(図5B)、一方、アクチンに正規化したFoxM1Aレベルは検出不可能であった。データは、FoxM1A発現が増殖細胞に限られ、FoxM1Aへの選択的スプライシングは増殖していない細胞における細胞死を誘導しないことを示す。
FoxM1のFoxM1Aへの選択的スプライシングによるFoxM1Aタンパク質の増加ががん条件において細胞死を誘導するかどうかを評価するため、ヒト乳がん細胞(BT474)を処理してFoxM1発現を調節し、FoxM1Aタンパク質レベルを処理の1日目及び2日目に評価した。コントロール条件下での1日目及び2日目には、FoxM1Aがウェスタンブロットにより検出可能であったが、低濃度であった(図6A)。10μMの化合物2での処理は、1日目はアクチンタンパク質をわずかに減少させたことを除いてFoxM1Aタンパク質に対し何の効果も及ぼさなかったが、2日目には、同時に起こるFoxM1Aタンパク質レベルの増加とともにアクチンタンパク質を強力に減少させた(図6A)。タンパク質レベルの定量分析は、アクチンが、10μMでの化合物2での処理により1日目に18%、2日目には90%超低減されたことを示した(図6B)一方、FoxM1Aレベルは同じ試料において3倍近く増加した(図6C)。アクチンに正規化した場合、FoxM1Aタンパク質レベルは、10μMの化合物2での処理により28倍増加した(図6D)。データは、乳がん細胞においては、FoxM1Aへの選択的スプライシングがFoxM1Aタンパク質を増加させ、細胞死を誘導すること示す。
リアルタイム定量PCRを用いたFoxM1スプライスバリアントの発現レベルのモニタリング
1cm2当たり10000個の線維芽細胞を、様々な用量の化合物(0.01−10μM)で24時間処理した。RNA抽出を、Applied Biosystems(登録商標)のAmbion(登録商標)Cells−to−CTTMキットに記載の指示に従って実施した。RNA試料を、更なる解析まで−20℃で凍結させた。内部標準のGAPDHと一緒に、FoxM1A又はFoxM1B/Cの相対的発現レベルを、ワンステップ多重逆転写ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(RT−PCR)を用いて測定した。FoxM1A又はFoxM1B/Cの発現レベルの相対的定量にはTaqMan(登録商標)FAMプローブを使用し、ヒトGAPDHレベルの相対的定量にはTaqMan(登録商標)VICプローブを使用した。増幅法の忠実度を、定量PCRのΔΔCT相対的定量法を用いて決定した。
1cm2当たり10000個の線維芽細胞を、様々な用量の化合物(0.1−10μM)を用いて、xCELLigence E プレート−16フォーマットで5日間処理した。プレートを、37℃、5%CO2のインキュベーター中に置かれたxCELLigence RTCA−DPインスツルメントに移し、すべてのウェルのバックグラウンドインピーダンス測定値を記録した。線維芽細胞をウェルに播種し、細胞の拡散及び安定化も促進するために約5時間インキュベートした。細胞が付着して広がるときの膜の下面を覆う金の微小電極のインピーダンスの変化を測定し、30分毎に120時間(5日間)にわたり記録した。インピーダンスを、セルインデックス(CI)と呼ばれる相対且つ無次元パラメーターにより表した。セルインデックス値=Zt−Zi/15[Ohm];式中、Zi=実験開始時の初期インピーダンス、及びZt=実験中の個々の時点(A.K. Bosserhoff, L. Ellmann, S. Kuphal.S: Melanoblasts in culture as an in vitro system to determine molecular changes in melanoma. 2011. Experimental Dermatology, 20, 435-440)。最初の6時間で得られた値は、処理に対する応答において細胞の付着能力の違いがある場合にそれが原因で観察される変動を考慮して、勾配計算から破棄された。
ヒト筋芽細胞はECACCから、BT474細胞はATCCから入手し、供給元のプロトコールに従って培養した。実験の目的のために、ヒト筋芽細胞を5日間培養し、様々な用量の化合物(0.1−10μM)で処理した。BT474細胞を最大2日間培養し、10μMの化合物で処理した。ウェスタンブロット分析のため、5日間処理した筋芽細胞又は2日間処理したBT474細胞を、100mMジチオスレイトール含有の沸騰しているLaemmli緩衝液(Bio−Rad)に溶解した。SDS PAGEブロットは、ウサギ抗FoxM1抗体(Cell Signaling Technology、1:1000)、ヤギ抗アクチン(Santa Cruz Biotechnology、1:20000)及びAlexa680/800二次抗体(Molecular Probes、1:10000)でプローブした。Odysseyイメージングシステム(Licor Biosciences)で蛍光検出し、FoxM1A強度をアクチンに対して正規化した。データは、GraphPadソフトウェアを用いて分析された。
Claims (11)
- 式I:
(I)
[上式中、R1は、アリール又はヘテロアリールであって、何れの置換基もC1−7アルキル、C1−7ハロアルキル、ハロゲン、C1−7アルコキシで置換されていてもよく;
R2は、C1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール又はヘテロシクロアルキルであって、何れの置換基もC1−7アルキル、ヒドロキシ−C1−7アルキル、ハロ−C1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよく;
R3は、C1−7アルキルである]
を有する化合物を含む、がんの予防又は治療における使用のための医薬。 - がんが、肝臓、前立腺、脳、乳房、肺、結腸、膵臓、皮膚、子宮頸部、卵巣、口、血液及び神経系のがんから成る群より選択される、請求項1に記載の医薬。
- R1が、フェニル、イミダゾ[1,2−a]ピラジニル、ピラゾロ[1,5−a]ピラジニル、イミダゾ[1,2−a]ピリジニル、1,3−ベンゾオキサゾリル、インダゾリルである、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬。
- R2が、ピペリジニル、モルホリニル、ピペラジニル、ピリジニル、1,2,3,6−テトラヒドロピリジニル、ピロリジニルである、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の医薬。
- がんの予防又は治療用医薬の調製のための、
式I:
(I)
[上式中、R1は、アリール又はヘテロアリールであって、何れの置換基もC1−7アルキル、C1−7ハロアルキル、ハロゲン、C1−7アルコキシで置換されていてもよく;
R2は、C1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール又はヘテロシクロアルキルであって、何れの置換基もC1−7アルキル、ヒドロキシ−C1−7アルキル、ハロ−C1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよく;
R3は、C1−7アルキルである]
を有する化合物の使用。 - 式I:
(I)
[上式中、R1は、アリール又はヘテロアリールであって、何れの置換基もC1−7アルキル、C1−7ハロアルキル、ハロゲン、C1−7アルコキシで置換されていてもよく;
R2は、C1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール又はヘテロシクロアルキルであって、何れの置換基もC1−7アルキル、ヒドロキシ−C1−7アルキル、ハロ−C1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよく;
R3は、C1−7アルキルである]
を有する化合物を含む、がんの予防又は治療における使用のための薬学的製剤。 - がんの予防又は治療のための医薬のスクリーニングの方法であって、
a)FoxM1遺伝子を発現している増殖細胞を試験化合物と接触させること、
b)工程a)の細胞中のFoxM1の変異体であるFoxM1Aを測定すること
を含み、コントロールと比較したFoxM1A変異体のレベルの増加が、がんの予防又は治療のための化合物であることを示唆し、
試験化合物が、式I:
(I)
[上式中、R1は、アリール又はヘテロアリールであって、何れの置換基もC1−7アルキル、C1−7ハロアルキル、ハロゲン、C1−7アルコキシで置換されていてもよく;
R2は、C1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール又はヘテロシクロアルキルであって、何れの置換基もC1−7アルキル、ヒドロキシ−C1−7アルキル、ハロ−C1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよく;
R3は、C1−7アルキルである]
を有する化合物から選択される、方法。 - がんの予防又は治療のための医薬のスクリーニングの方法であって、
a)FoxM1遺伝子を発現している増殖細胞を試験化合物と接触させること、
b)工程a)の細胞中のFoxM1の変異体FoxM1B及び/又は変異体FoxM1Cを測定すること
を含み、コントロールと比較した変異体FoxM1B及び/又は変異体FoxM1Cのレベルの低下が、がんの予防又は治療のための化合物であることを示唆し、
試験化合物が、式I:
(I)
[上式中、R1は、アリール又はヘテロアリールであって、何れの置換基もC1−7アルキル、C1−7ハロアルキル、ハロゲン、C1−7アルコキシで置換されていてもよく;
R2は、C1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール又はヘテロシクロアルキルであって、何れの置換基もC1−7アルキル、ヒドロキシ−C1−7アルキル、ハロ−C1−7アルキルで置換されていてもよく;
R3は、C1−7アルキルである]
を有する化合物から選択される、方法。 - 細胞が線維芽細胞である、請求項7又は8に記載の方法。
- FoxM1変異体がRNAレベルで測定される、請求項7から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- FoxM1変異体がタンパク質レベルで測定される、請求項7から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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JP6193888B2 (ja) | 2012-01-26 | 2017-09-06 | ピーティーシー セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | 脊髄性筋萎縮症を治療するための化合物 |
AU2013216870B2 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2017-07-20 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Compounds for treating spinal muscular atrophy |
JP6092264B2 (ja) | 2012-03-01 | 2017-03-08 | ピーティーシー セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | 脊髄性筋委縮症を処置するための化合物 |
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JP6689197B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-19 | 2020-04-28 | エフ・ホフマン−ラ・ロシュ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | スクリーニング方法 |
CN106459092B (zh) | 2014-05-15 | 2019-10-15 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | 用于治疗脊髓性肌萎缩的化合物 |
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JP6749343B2 (ja) | 2015-05-20 | 2020-09-02 | エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲーF. Hoffmann−La Roche Aktiengesellschaft | 脊髄性筋萎縮症を処置するための化合物 |
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US20180024115A9 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
BR112015032718A2 (pt) | 2019-09-17 |
WO2015024876A2 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
CN105392790A (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
JP2016530270A (ja) | 2016-09-29 |
WO2015024876A3 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
US9956223B2 (en) | 2018-05-01 |
CA2915764A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
CN105392790B (zh) | 2019-04-19 |
HK1215432A1 (zh) | 2016-08-26 |
MX2016001963A (es) | 2016-05-26 |
KR20160045063A (ko) | 2016-04-26 |
US10702530B2 (en) | 2020-07-07 |
US20180344737A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
EP3035935A2 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
RU2016109324A (ru) | 2017-09-26 |
EP3035935B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
US20170241983A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
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