JP6653797B2 - Land culture pond structure and land culture method using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a land culture pond structure and a land culture method using the same.

  For the pond structure (aquarium) for onshore aquaculture, a circulation flow in the pond is intended to suppress the formation of water blind spots such as oxygen deficiency and to promote the molting of young shrimp by swimming against the current. Various devices having a mechanism for generating the light have been proposed. The methods are roughly classified into two types. In Patent Documents 1 and 2, a circular or square water tank is used, and a plurality of diffuser tubes for blowing airflow in a tangential direction of water circulation are provided along the inner peripheral direction of the side wall of the pond. An arrangement method is disclosed.

  On the other hand, Patent Literatures 3 to 6 disclose that the center of the oval pond in the width direction is partitioned by a wall portion extending in the longitudinal direction of the pond so that both ends of the arc-shaped pond are used as direction change portions of the water flow. A system is disclosed in which a circulation path is formed along the periphery, and a water flow pump or an air diffuser for injecting airflow in one direction is arranged in the middle of the path to generate a circulation flow along the path.

JP 2003-265065 A Japanese Patent No. 3053793 JP 2003-235391 A JP 2003-284451 A JP 2005-95137 A JP 2011-010645 A

  However, in the systems disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a diffuser tube adapted to the inner peripheral shape of the pond is created each time, or a large number of diffusers are formed along the circumferential direction in order to reliably form a circulating flow. However, there is a drawback that the parts need to be arranged, which leads to a large cost increase. In addition, since a large number of aeration points are formed along the entire circumference of the patrol path in the water, the traveling water velocity is too high, and if the species to be cultured, such as juvenile shrimp and fry, is small, swimming against the water flow And there is a concern that stress tends to accumulate.

  On the other hand, the methods using the oval ponds in Patent Documents 3 to 6 always require a special pond structure that is horizontally long and has a partition wall at the center. In addition, the total length of the circuit that reciprocates in the longitudinal direction inside the oval pond has a large total length, and the amount of air diffused and the amount of pump for forming the circuit must also be set large. All of these factors increase the cost of the entire pond structure.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a land culture pond structure that has a very simple and inexpensive mechanism for forming a circular flow, has a mild water flow, and is suitable for fry and shrimp curing, and a land culture method using the same. To provide.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the land culture pond structure of the present invention,
A pond body having a square bottom and a side wall formed along the periphery of the pond, and a main body that is disposed on the bottom so as to be submerged in the water filling the pond body and blows oxygen-containing gas supplied from outside toward the water surface. A diffuser portion, a circulation pipe formed at one end with an outlet for discharging water from the pond main body, and at another end formed with an inlet for flowing water into the pond main body, and a circulation pump provided on the circulation pipe With
The pond main body includes a support frame having a suspension frame arranged along the pond top opening and a support column supporting the suspension frame from below on the ground surface, and a bottom and side walls formed of a flexible resin sheet. And a simple water storage portion supported by the support frame in a suspended state in which the upper edge of the resin sheet portion forming the side wall is coupled to the suspension frame and is poured inside,
The outlet is formed so as to penetrate the resin sheet forming the side wall of the simple water storage section,
When the direction along the first side is defined as the width direction and the direction along the second side is defined as the depth direction in the two sides adjacent to each other in the rectangular planar outline of the pond main body, the inlet of the circulation pipeline is defined as the depth direction While the opening is formed at the first end side toward the width direction first end side, the outlet is formed between the inlet in the depth direction and the depth direction second end side wall at the side wall at the width direction second end side. An opening is formed to be located between,
The arrangement position at the bottom of the main diffuser, in the depth direction, the distance from the depth direction second end side wall portion is smaller than the distance from an imaginary line connecting the inlet and the outlet, and in the width direction. The distance from the width direction center line is determined to be smaller than the distance from any of the inlet and the outlet,
Formed by the main diffuser, the wall flow along the depth direction second end side wall portion and the width direction second end side wall portion is joined while taking in a part of the flow from the inflow port, and from the inflow port in the width direction second direction. It is characterized in that a detour circulation flow is formed along the one end side wall, the depth direction second end side wall, and the width direction second end side wall in order toward the outlet.

  In addition, the onshore aquaculture method of the present invention uses the onshore aquaculture pond structure of the present invention, wherein the aquaculture of fish or crustaceans is allowed to swim in a detour circuit while aquaculture is performed on the pond body. And

  By forming an inlet and an outlet for water circulation in the pond body in the above positional relationship, and arranging the main diffuser in the above positional relationship at the bottom of the pond, water entering from the inlet becomes the main diffuser. By the airflow from the part, a flow toward the outlet is formed while bypassing along the side wall of the pond main body, so that a gentle circular flow along the inner periphery of the side wall of the pond main body can be constantly formed. As a result, water blind spots such as oxygen deficiency are unlikely to be formed in the pond main body, and terrestrial aquaculture with a higher population density can be performed, although the mechanism is extremely simple. Further, the formed water flow is gentle, and even when the culture target species such as shrimp and fry is small, swimming against the water flow becomes easy, stress is less likely to accumulate, and a healthy culture state with a low mortality can be maintained. Although the object of the on-land aquaculture method of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferable to use it for shrimp in which swimming prefers swimming against the water current and thereby moulting is promoted, particularly for shrimp aquaculture. In particular, it is suitable for land-based cultivation of red lobster, which can easily increase the population density.

  The inflow port and the outflow port may each be formed as an opening having a plurality of holes. In this case, the spatial positions of the inflow port and the outflow port are determined by the spatial average coordinate points of the centers (geometric centroids) of the plurality of openings.

  The reason why the above-mentioned detour circulation is remarkably formed in the on-land aquaculture pond structure of the present invention is as follows. That is, the pond main body is formed in a very simple rectangular planar shape, and the stored water in the pond is circulated and flown by a pump through a circulation pipe outside the pond. An inlet for water for the circulation is formed at the first end in the depth direction and closer to the first end in the width direction. On the other hand, the outlet is formed at the second end in the width direction so as to be located between the inlet and the second end side wall in the depth direction. If expressed ignoring the geometric strictness, water enters the pond body from the inflow port near one corner on the first end side in the depth direction, and the side wall portion on the opposite side in the width direction ( It is an image in which water flows out from an outlet opening near the middle of the width direction second side wall portion). As a result, the water that has entered the pond main body from the corner tends to flow obliquely along the above-mentioned imaginary line toward the middle of the opposite side wall.

  On the other hand, at the bottom of the pond, the distance from the second end wall in the depth direction in the depth direction is smaller than the distance from the imaginary line connecting the inlet and the outlet, and in the width direction, the width is The main air diffuser is disposed at a position where the distance from the direction center line is smaller than the distance from any of the inlet and the outlet. As a result, near the middle in the width direction of the pond main body, the airflow flows to the water surface at a position separated in the depth direction from a virtual line (statically the direction in which water flows most easily) directly connecting the inlet and outlet. It is blown up toward.

  For example, when the pond body is viewed such that the inflow port is located at one corner of the front width direction (for example, the left side) in the depth direction, the water on the back side of the pond is the side wall of the other width direction (for example, the right side). Although it tends to flow toward the outlet formed in the middle of the part, due to the radial airflow from the main diffuser part, the back side wall part (second side wall part in the pond back direction) and the right side wall part (width) Direction second side wall) to form a wall flow along these side walls. The water on the left side of the pond, which is lost by the wall flow, is supplemented by taking in a part of the flow from the inlet to the deep side of the pond. As a result, the water flows from the inlet along the left side wall (first end side wall in the width direction), the rear side wall (second end side wall in the depth direction), and the right side wall (second end side wall in the width direction). A detour circulation that flows into the outlet will be formed.

  Hereinafter, various requirements that can be further added to the land culture pond structure of the present invention and the land culture method using the same will be described. First, in the on-land aquaculture pond structure of the present invention, an auxiliary air diffuser is disposed between the inlet in the depth direction and the main air diffuser, closer to the first end side wall than the width center line. can do. By the airflow from such an auxiliary diffuser, a part of the flow going directly from the inlet to the outlet can be guided to the side of the widthwise first end side wall forming the circulating flow section, The formation of the bypass circulation can be more pronounced.

  If the outlet is located directly in front of the inlet in the width direction, the water will hardly pass through the inside of the pond, but will short-circuit and flow along the side wall at the end in the depth direction, making it difficult to form a bypass circulation flow Becomes On the other hand, when the outlet is located on the opposite side of the diagonal direction with respect to the inlet, the flow directly flows to the outlet only slightly bypassing the both sides of the main diffuser which becomes the flow resistance, and the circulation flow No significant formation is expected. Therefore, in the depth direction, the distance from the center in the depth direction is smaller than any of the distance from the inlet and the distance from the second end side wall in the depth direction (that is, the second direction in the width direction). It is desirable to determine the formation position (in a region corresponding to the vicinity of the center of the side wall portion) from the viewpoint of significantly forming the detour circulation.

The pond main body includes a support frame having a suspension frame arranged along the pond top opening and a support column supporting the suspension frame from below on the ground surface, and a bottom and side walls formed of a flexible resin sheet. And a simple water storage portion in which the upper edge of the resin sheet portion forming the side wall is joined to the suspension frame and is supported in a suspended state by the support frame in a state where water is injected inside. configured as a thing. The outlet is formed so as to penetrate the resin sheet forming the side wall of the simple water storage section . By forming the pond main body with the simple water storage section made of a flexible resin sheet and its supporting frame, the basic configuration of the onshore pond structure can be significantly reduced in weight and simplified. Such a simple water storage portion can easily form an outlet through a resin sheet side wall, and can discharge water in the pond main body from the outlet mainly by a flow component parallel to the water surface, so that the configuration is simply simplified. Not only that, but it also advantageously contributes to the formation of a circular flow unique to the present invention. In particular, the formation-side end of the outlet of the circulation pipeline is connected to the upper part of the side wall of the simple water storage unit, and the outlet is opened so as to penetrate the side wall. If it is made to flow into the circulation pipe through the outlet, the air flow from the main air diffuser that creates a radial surface flow after springing up, and the water in the upper layer part is guided laterally from the outlet It is easier to coordinate the flow with the formation of a detour circulation.

  It is further preferable that the circulation pipe is formed such that an end on the forming side of the inflow port is disposed above the simple water storage section and the inflow port is opened downward toward the water surface in the simple water storage section. By allowing water to flow down from above the liquid level to the simple water storage section, not only is processing for forming an inflow port in the side wall section of the simple water storage section unnecessary, but also the water flow that has fallen along the liquid surface is moderated. Can be spread out. As a result, it is easy to match with the speed of the formed detour circulation flow, and it is possible to alleviate the stress on the cultured material due to the rapid flow peculiar to the inflow water.

  In this case, the circulation pipeline can be monotonously disposed from the outlet to the pumping point located below the contact surface of the simple water storage unit, and the circulation pump provided at the water pumping point is used to lower the water level in the simple water storage unit. Can also be configured to guide the circulating water to the inlet while pumping it upward. By providing a downward circulation circuit section from the outlet to the pumping point below the ground contact surface, the potential energy of the water flowing out of the pond body can be secured more, and a more prominent formation of the bypass circulation flow To contribute. In addition, if a filtration tank is provided here by utilizing the downward circulation circuit section, the passing pressure loss of the filtration tank is compensated by the potential energy of water, so that the flow rate of the water is increased and the filtration efficiency is improved. Can be. In this case, a part of the portion located upstream of the pumping point of the circulation pipeline is disposed in the tank housing recess formed by digging down from the ground surface of the simple water storage unit on the side of the simple water storage unit. If a filtration tank for filtering circulating water is provided in the tank accommodating recess, it is easy to install a large-sized filtration tank.

  Next, when filled with water, the simple water storage portion can form a vertical cross-sectional shape of a transition portion continuing from the lower portion of the side wall to the outer peripheral edge of the bottom portion in an outwardly convex round surface shape. By forming such a round surface portion in the lower part of the simple water storage part, stagnation hardly occurs near the bottom of the pond, and it is easy to ensure that the bypass circulation flows in the depth direction. Also, shrimp (especially juvenile shrimp) have a habit of gathering and swimming in such a rounded area, and can promote underwater activities and promote moulting. Furthermore, the area with a rounded surface shape makes it easy to sift the net when shrimp is harvested from the reservoir, especially from the rear side in the swimming direction (since the shrimp swim against the flow, it is in the direction to receive the detour circular flow from the front). By netting, a large amount of shrimp can be guided into the net at once, and the work efficiency at the time of harvest can be increased.

  The above-mentioned area having a round surface shape can be more easily formed by utilizing the phenomenon that the side wall swells in the horizontal direction when the simple water storage portion formed of the flexible resin sheet is filled with water. be able to. Specifically, the shape of the transition portion of the simple water storage portion can be adjusted so that the ground contact portion at the bottom is smaller than the upper opening of the side wall when the water is filled. And, in the vertical cross-sectional shape, the above-mentioned side wall is based on the stored water pressure, after projecting outward from the upper edge side toward the lower edge side in a downward slope shape, and then shrinking inward through the maximum point, the round surface shape. It is possible to form a bulging form that continues to the outer peripheral edge of the ground contact surface while forming the transition portion. This makes it possible to secure a larger radius of the radius surface of the transition portion after the water injection, and it is possible to more remarkably achieve the above-described effect.

  However, since the spreading tension due to the water pressure reaches a considerable level at the transition portion having a round surface, it is desirable to stack a reinforcing material, for example, a reinforcing sheet made of a flexible resin, on the inner surface of the transition portion. In addition, the support pillars in the support frame are disposed in such a manner that the support pillars are in contact with the upper portion of the side wall of the simple water storage portion and fall outward toward the ground point located outside the maximum point. In order to support the injected simple water storage section with the support column having such an inclined form, when structurally considered, the lower end portion of the support column and the outer edge of the ground contact portion at the bottom are connected to the bottom support. It is desirable to have a structure in which they are connected in a stretched form by a flexible sheet (for example, formed of a flexible resin sheet). That is, the simple water storage section in the full state tends to be deformed in a shape of being crushed in the height direction while expanding laterally by the hydrostatic pressure. On the other hand, since the total length of the support pillars arranged diagonally outward is constant, the support pillars are opened outward due to crushing deformation accompanied by a decrease in the height of the simple water storage portion, and the ground point is at the bottom of the ground portion. Try to move away from the outer edge. Therefore, if the lower end portion of the support column and the outer edge of the ground portion of the bottom portion are joined by a bottom support made of a flexible resin sheet, the crushing deformation force of the simple water storage portion is converted into the tension force of the bottom support. In addition, the injected simple water storage section can be firmly supported.

  In addition, by arranging the simple water storage unit on the soil surface as described above, even when performing onshore cultivation in winter or cold regions, the problem that the bottom of the water stored by the cold air on the ground contact surface becomes extremely cold is solved. can do. In particular, in the case of shrimp cultivation, if the transition portion extending from the lower portion of the side wall to the outer peripheral edge of the bottom portion is formed in a round surface shape, the tendency of shrimp liking this portion to gather near the bottom portion of the simple water storage portion increases. At this time, if the bottom of the pond main body is formed of a concrete wall or the like having a large cold storage capacity, the activity of shrimp preferring hot water (for example, 25 ° C. or more and 28 ° C. or less) may cause a problem that the activity of the shrimp becomes slow or weak. Will also be higher. However, the bottom of the above-mentioned simple water storage section is a flexible resin sheet having a low cold storage capacity, and it is easy to maintain the water temperature near the bottom at an appropriate temperature by contacting the soil surface which is hard to cool. In addition, when the cooling effect from the soil surface is large, the water temperature adjustment is further facilitated by disposing the heat insulating material layer between the soil surface and the bottom of the simple water storage unit.

  In this case, if a heating mechanism for the stored water is provided on the bottom of the simple water storage section, the effect of increasing the water temperature near the bottom becomes even more remarkable. The heating mechanism includes a flow pipe for a liquid heating medium disposed on the bottom, a medium heating section provided outside the simple water storage section for heating the liquid heating medium, and a medium heating section and a flow pipe. And a medium circulation pump for circulating and sending the liquid heating medium to and from the passage, and the stored water can be heated by heat transfer from the liquid heating medium through the flow pipe wall. The heating mechanism using such a liquid heating medium is easy to install at the bottom of the simple water storage section, and the heat exchange through the circulation pipe is gentle, so that the water temperature also suddenly rises. It is unlikely to occur. In particular, when the distribution pipe is made of a flexible material such as a resin hose, installation at the bottom of the simple water storage section is further facilitated. The liquid heating medium may be hot water, but if it is composed of an organic fluid having a high heat capacity such as ethylene glycol, the heating efficiency can be further improved.

  Since the details of the operation and effect of the present invention have been already described in the section of "Means for Solving the Problems", they will not be repeated here.

The top view of the land culture pond structure concerning one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. The side view which expands and shows the principal part of a pond main body. Sectional drawing which shows an example of the connection structure of a suspension frame and a simple water storage part. Sectional drawing which shows the connection structure of the simple water storage part and a support pillar by a bottom support. Sectional drawing which expands and shows the round surface part formed in the bottom part of a simple water storage part. Sectional drawing which shows an example of the mounting structure of the circulation piping to the simple water storage part side wall. Explanatory drawing which shows the detail of a heating mechanism. Explanatory drawing of the water injection method to a simple water storage part. Explanatory drawing following FIG. 10A. Explanatory drawing following FIG. 10B. Explanatory drawing which shows a mode that a bypass circulation flow is formed. Explanatory drawing which shows a mode that a young shrimp swims against the water current. Explanatory drawing which shows another arrangement form of a circulation path.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a land culture pond structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view, and FIG. 3 is a front view. The land culture pond structure 1 includes a pond main body 2, a main diffuser 3, a circulation pipe 6, and a circulation pump 7 as main parts. The pond main body 2 has a square (in this embodiment, rectangular: may be square) bottom 2b, and has a side wall 2s formed along the periphery thereof. As shown in FIG. 11, the main diffuser 3 is disposed on the bottom 2 b so as to be submerged in the pond main body 2, and blows up oxygen-containing gas supplied from the outside toward the water surface. As shown in FIG. 1, the circulation line 6 has an outlet 4 for discharging water from the pond main body 2 at one end, and an inlet 5 for flowing water into the pond main body 2 at the other end. The circulation pump 7 is provided on the way.

  In FIG. 1, in the rectangular planar outline of the pond main body 2, the direction along the first side (short side) of the two sides adjacent to each other is the width direction, and the direction along the second side (long side) is the depth direction. Is defined. The inflow port 5 of the circulation pipeline 6 is formed so as to open toward the first end (left side in the drawing) at the first end (lower side in the drawing) in the depth direction. On the other hand, the outlet 4 is formed so as to be located between the inlet 5 and the depth-direction second end side wall WB2 at the second end in the width direction (right side in the drawing).

  The outlets 4 are formed at two locations in the depth direction, and their spatial positions are represented by the average of the spatial coordinates of the centers of the openings of the two outlets 4. In the present embodiment, the outlet 4 (when viewed at the above average position) has a distance DC from the center line OW in the depth direction, a distance DB1 from the inlet 5 and a second end in the depth direction. The second side wall portion WA2 is arranged so as to be smaller than any of the distances DB2 from the side wall portion WB2 (that is, in a region corresponding to the vicinity of the center of the second side wall portion WA2 in the width direction).

  Further, in the depth direction, the distance DA2 from the depth direction second end side wall portion WB2 to the bottom portion 2b is greater than the distance DA1 from the virtual line VDL connecting the inflow port 5 and the outflow port 4 with respect to the bottom portion 2b. And the distance dc from the center line OL in the width direction is smaller than both the distance da1 from the inlet 5 and the distance da2 from the outlet 4 in the width direction. Further, in the present embodiment, the auxiliary air diffuser 8 is further closer to the width direction first end side wall WA1 than the width direction center line OL in the width direction, and the inflow port 5 and the main air diffuser in the depth direction. 3 is located at an intermediate position. Two auxiliary air diffusers 8 are arranged, one at a position between the outlet 4 and the main air diffuser 3 in the depth direction, and the other at a position between the inlet 4 and the outlet 5 in the depth direction. Position.

  The main diffuser 3 and the auxiliary diffuser 8 may be a diffuser plate having a large number of pores, a ceramic, resin or metal diffuser module (a so-called air stone) having a large number of continuous vents, or a swirling flow type. It has a known configuration such as a microbubble nozzle, and air as an oxygen-containing gas is supplied by an air pump 21 through a gas supply pipe 20. As shown in FIG. 11, oxygen in the air spouting from the air diffusers 3 and 8 is dissolved in the water in the pond main body 2 and consumed by the aquaculture SP (for example, shrimp, in this embodiment, banana shrimp) in the water. In addition to supplementing the generated oxygen, the airflow AF that blows up in the water plays a role in assisting the formation of the circulation flow. The oxygen-containing gas may be pure oxygen supplied from a cylinder or the like, or may be air enriched with oxygen by an oxygen concentrator or the like.

  Next, in FIGS. 1 to 3, the pond main body 2 includes a suspension frame 9 arranged along the opening of the pond upper surface and a support column for supporting the suspension frame 9 from below on the ground plane GS (FIGS. 2 and 3). And a simple water storage unit 12 in which a bottom 2b and a side wall 2s are integrally formed with a flexible resin sheet (for example, polyvinyl chloride resin, polypropylene resin, polyamide resin, or the like). And The upper edge of the resin sheet portion forming the side wall 2 s is coupled to the suspension frame 9, and the simple water storage section 12 is supported by the support frame body 11 in a suspended state while being poured inside. In the present embodiment, the simple water storage unit 12 has a depth dimension of, for example, 9.8 m, a width dimension of 4.9 m, a height of about 1.3 m, and a water storage amount of 1.0 to 1.1 m when the full water level is 1.0 to 1.1 m. Is about 50t.

  The suspension frame 9 is made of steel, and as shown in FIG. 4, each of the arc-shaped corner joints 9c arranged at the four corners of the upper opening of the pond main body 2 and a straight tubular member to which the support column 10 is connected. And a plurality of straight tubular main tubes 9m whose both ends are inserted and coupled inside the corner joint 9c or the support joint 9j. Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the support pillar 10 has a flat rectangular shape in cross section, and the front shape is a square U-shaped integral steel frame member having a flat bottom. A socket portion 9s is integrally formed at a lower portion of the side surface of the support joint 9j, and both upper ends of the support column 10 are inserted and fixed.

  Returning to FIG. 4, the simple water storage section 12 has a bag-shaped suspension frame accommodating section 12f formed along the upper edge of the side wall 2s, and the suspension frame 9 is accommodated therein. As shown in FIG. 5, the suspension frame accommodating portion 12f is formed by folding a long flexible resin sheet material separate from the side wall portion main body 12m at the center in the width direction, and between the two side edges in the width direction. A side wall is formed by sandwiching the upper edge portion of the 12 m and forming a bonding portion 12 b (for example, a thermocompression bonding portion, a seam welding portion, a stitching portion, or a combination thereof) along the longitudinal direction of the lamination portion. It is connected to the unit main body 12m. Outside the suspension frame accommodating portion 12f and above the coupling portion 12b, a support column extension hole 12p for extending the plurality of support columns 10 coupled to the accommodated suspension frame 9 downward. However, as shown in FIG. 4, it is formed intermittently along the longitudinal direction of the suspension frame accommodating portion 12f.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the simple water storage unit 12 has a vertical cross-sectional shape of a transition portion 12r that is continuous from the lower portion of the side wall 2s to the outer peripheral edge of the bottom portion 2b, and has a curved surface shape that is outwardly convex when filled with water. Is formed. As shown in FIG. 4, the shape of the transition portion 12r is adjusted such that the dimension E2 of the ground portion at the bottom 2b is smaller than the dimension E1 of the upper opening of the side wall 2s. As shown in FIG. 4, in the vertical cross-sectional shape, the side wall 2 s protrudes outward from the upper edge side toward the lower edge side in a downward slope shape based on the stored water pressure, and then contracts inward through the maximum point Mx. Thus, a bulging form is formed which continues to the outer peripheral edge of the ground contact surface while forming a transition portion 12r having a round surface shape. Thereby, the radius of the round surface of the transition portion 12r after water injection can be secured more. As shown in FIG. 7, a reinforcing sheet 12t made of a flexible resin (for example, the same material as the side wall 2s) is laminated on the inner surface of the transition portion 12r of the simple water storage section 12. The upper and lower edges of the reinforcing sheet 12t are connected to the side wall 2s and the bottom 2b by connecting portions 12g and 12h.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the support column 10 of the support frame 11 is in contact with the upper portion of the side wall 2 s of the simple water storage unit 12, facing the ground point located outside the maximum point Mx, It is arranged in a downwardly inclined form. The lower end of the support pillar 10 (the straight portion forming the bottom of the U-shape) and the outer edge of the ground portion of the bottom 2b are joined in a stretched manner by a bottom support 13 made of a flexible resin sheet. The bottom support 13 is a band-shaped member connected to the lower end of the U-shaped support pillar 10, and as shown in FIG. 6, the first end is connected to the outer edge of the ground portion of the bottom 2b by the connection portion 13b. At the same time, the second end side is wound while forming a triangular folded extension 13c at the lower end of the support pillar 10, is superposed on the first end side, and is joined to each other by adhesion or heat welding.

  The full water storage section 12 is swelled laterally by hydrostatic pressure and tends to be deformed in a shape crushed in the height direction. On the other hand, since the entire length of the support pillars 10 arranged obliquely outward is constant, the crushing deformation accompanied by a decrease in the height of the simple water storage unit 12 opens outwardly in a form that increases the inclination angle of the support pillars 10. While trying to keep the ground point away from the outer edge of the ground portion of the bottom 2b. Therefore, if the lower end of the support pillar 10 and the outer edge of the ground portion of the bottom 2b are connected to each other by the bottom support 13 as described above, the crushing deformation force of the simple water storage unit 12 is reduced by the tension force of the bottom support 13. The converted and injected simple water storage section 12 can be firmly supported.

  When assembling the pond main body 2, as described with reference to FIG. 4, the main body pipe 9m is connected by a support joint 9j, and each side portion obtained by removing the four corner joints 9c from the completed suspension frame 9 is previously determined. Assemble it. At the four corners of the simple water storage section 12, cutouts 12c are formed in the suspension frame accommodating portion 12f, and each side portion is inserted from the notch 12c into the corresponding suspension frame accommodating portion 12f, The socket portion 9s of the support joint 9j is aligned with the support pillar extension hole 12p, and the lower end opening is exposed in the hole.

  In this state, the ends exposed in the cutouts 12c of the main body tube 9m located at both ends of each side portion are joined by the corner joint 9c. Subsequently, the support pillar 10 is inserted from one end into the folded extension 13c of each of the bottom supports 13 connected to the bottom 2b, and the folded extension 13c is positioned at the lower end, and both upper ends are supported. It is inserted and fixed in the socket 9s of the joint 9j.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 10A, each support column 10 is set upright on the installation surface, and the simple water storage unit 12 is brought into a temporarily assembled state in which it is hooked, and as shown in FIG. Inject water to around 1/3 of the full water level. Then, the lower part of the side wall 2s is swelled by the water pressure, and each support column 10 receives the swelling power and inclines outward with the upper end fixed to the suspension frame 9 as a pivot axis. In this state, the lower ends of the support pillars 10 are sequentially pulled out outward, and the relaxed state of the bottom support 13 is extended to a stretched state. Thereafter, water is injected to a full water level as shown in FIG. 10C.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2, in the circulation pipeline 6, a return pipe portion 6 d that is a forming end of the inflow port 5 is disposed above the simple water storage section 12, and the inflow port 5 is connected to the inside of the simple water storage section 12. It opens downward to the surface of the water. On the other hand, an outflow pipe portion 6a which is an end on the formation side of the outflow port 4 of the circulation pipeline 6 is connected to an upper portion of the side wall 2s of the simple water storage section 12, and the outflow port 4 is opened so as to penetrate the side wall 2s. . In the present embodiment, two outlets 4 are formed at an interval in the depth direction, and each of the outlets 4 is connected to an outlet pipe portion 6a.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of a connection form of the outflow pipe portion 6a to the outflow port 4, in which a resin threaded joint 4a is fitted from the inside into a through hole formed in the side wall 2s, and the flange portion is circumferentially inserted. Outlet 4 is formed by welding. On the other hand, a flange joint 6j is integrated with the end of the outflow pipe portion 6a, and the flange joint 6j is overlapped with the screw joint 4a via a sealing material 4b. By jointly fastening, the outflow pipe portion 6a is connected in a liquid-tight manner.

  As shown in FIG. 11 (lower), the upper part of the water stored in the simple water storage section 12 flows into the circulation pipe 6 (outflow pipe section 6 a) via the outflow port 4. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the circulation line 6 is disposed so as to monotonously descend from the outflow port 4 to a pumping point PP located below the contact surface GS of the simple water storage unit 12. The circulating water is guided to the inflow port 5 while being pumped above the water surface in the simple water storage section 12 by the circulating pump 7 provided in the PP.

  Further, a part (reference numerals 6b and 6c) of the portion of the circulation pipeline 6 located on the upstream side of the pumping point PP is located on the side of the simple water storage unit 12 (in the present embodiment, in the depth direction as shown in FIG. 1). At a position adjacent to one end side wall portion WB1), it is disposed in a tank accommodating concave portion 24 dug down from the ground contact surface GS. A filtration tank 23 for filtering circulating water is provided in the tank accommodating recess 24 on the way to the portion 6a.

  In the present embodiment, the filtration tank 23 is composed of three resin lorry tanks 23a, 23b, and 23c. Among them, two tanks 23b and 23c on the downstream side are arranged in the tank accommodating recess 24 (the tank installation surface is formed in a stepped shape as shown in FIG. 3), and the tank 23a on the most upstream side is a pond main body. 2 on the ground plane GS. The connecting pipes 6b connecting these three tanks 23a, 23b, 23c to each other are arranged in pairs at both ends in the width direction of each tank. The upstream side is connected to the lower part of the tank front, and the downstream side is the tank. Connected in front of the top surface. As shown in FIG. 2, the lower part of the tank 23c on the most downstream side is connected to a pumping tank 25 forming a pumping point PP by a connection pipe 6c. The circulating pump 7 is configured as a submersible pump disposed in the pumping tank 25, and the return pipe 6d is connected to the circulating pump 7 here.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the pond main body 2 of the land culture pond structure 1 is formed in such a manner that a simple water storage section 12 made of a resin sheet is arranged on a ground plane GP made of a soil surface. In the present embodiment, as a specification for cold regions, a heat insulating material layer made of extruded polystyrene heat insulating material (trade name: Styrofoam) or the like is disposed between the ground plane GP (earth surface) and the bottom 2b.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a heating mechanism 14 for the stored water is provided on the bottom 2 b of the simple water storage section 12. As shown in FIG. 9, the heating mechanism 14 includes a flow pipe 14 a for the liquid heating medium 14 f disposed on the bottom, and a medium raising means provided outside the simple water storage unit 12 and for raising the temperature of the liquid heating medium 14 f. A heating unit 14h and a medium circulation pump 14p that circulates and feeds the liquid heating medium 14f between the medium heating unit 14h and the circulation pipe 14a. The stored water is heated by the heat transfer from the liquid heating medium 14f via the flow pipe wall.

  The flow conduit 14a is made of a flexible material such as a resin hose, and is disposed in a zigzag shape so that the entire bottom 2b can be uniformly heated. As the liquid heating medium 14f, for example, one containing ethylene glycol as a main component (for example, an antifreeze for an engine specified in JIS K 2234 or the like) is used. The heating mechanism 14 includes a reservoir tank 14h for a liquid heating medium 14f, and heats the liquid heating medium 14f by a heating wire heater 14n that generates resistance heat by a power supply 14s.

  Ethylene glycol has low volatility and is easy to handle as a heating medium. In addition, the specific heat also has a large value close to water, and the specific gravity is slightly larger than water, so that the flow pipe 14a formed of a light resin hose is submerged in the water bottom, and the heating efficiency for water near the bottom can be increased. . Furthermore, even when the freezing temperature is low and the bottom water is extremely cold, the heating circulation can be easily continued. It is desirable that at least a section of the circulation pipe 14a submerged in water is formed by a seamless resin hose, and a connection portion with the reservoir tank 14h is disposed outside the pond main body 2.

Hereinafter, the operation and effect of the onshore aquaculture pond structure 1 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the pond main body 2 of the land culture pond structure 1 is formed in a very simple rectangular planar shape, and the stored water is circulated and flown by a circulation pump 7 through a circulation line 6 outside the pond. You. The water inlet 5 for the circulation is formed at the first end side in the depth direction (lower side in the drawing) and is opened toward the first end side in the width direction (left side in the drawing). An opening is formed on the second end side (right side in the drawing) so as to be located between the inflow port 5 and the second end side wall portion WB2 in the depth direction. In other words, water enters the pond main body 2 from the inlet 5 near the lower left corner of the drawing, and flows from the outlet 4 opening near the middle of the right side wall (the second side wall in the width direction) WA2 on the right side of the drawing. Run out.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 11, the water entering the pond main body 2 from the inflow port 5 flows obliquely directly along the above-mentioned virtual line VDL (FIG. 1) toward the vicinity of the middle of the opposite side wall WA2. Try to form a DF. On the other hand, the main diffuser 3 is disposed at the bottom 2b of the pond, and its position is, as shown in FIG. 1, a distance DA2 from the second end side wall WB2 in the depth direction being greater than a distance DA1 from the virtual line VDL. And the distance dc from the width direction center line OL is set to be smaller than each of the distances da1 and da2 from the inflow port 5 and the outflow port 4. As a result, as shown in FIG. 11, near the middle of the pond main body 2 in the width direction, the airflow AF moves to the water surface at a position separated in the depth direction from the path of the direct flow DF where the water flows most statically. It is blown up toward.

  The water at the back of the pond (on the drawing) side of the pond body 2 tries to flow toward the outlet 4 formed in the middle of the side wall WA2 on the right side of the drawing, but the radial airflow from the main diffuser 3 By the AF, the water flow is pushed to the back side wall portion WB2 (second back wall portion in the depth direction of the pond) and the right side wall portion WA2 (second side wall portion in the width direction), and the wall flow along these side wall portions WB2 and WA2. WF2 and WF1 are formed. The water on the left side of the pond lost by the wall flows WF2 and WF1 is compensated by taking in a part of the direct flow DF as the wall flow WF3 along the left wall portion WA1 in the width direction. In the present embodiment, the formation of the wall surface flow WF3 is promoted by the airflow AF from the auxiliary air diffusion unit 8 further positively pushing a part of the direct flow DF toward the first side wall portion WA1 in the width direction. (However, when the size of the pond main body 2 is small, etc., the bypass circulation flow may be sufficiently formed even if the auxiliary diffuser 8 is omitted).

  As a result, the wall flow WF3 along the left side wall (the first end side wall portion WA1 in the width direction), the wall flow WF2 along the rear side wall (the second end wall portion WB2 in the depth direction), and the right side wall (the right side wall) from the inflow port 5. The wall surface flow WF1 along the width-direction second end side wall portion WA2) forms a bypass circulation flow flowing into the outflow port 4. That is, according to the present invention, a part of the flow from the inlet 5 is merged with the wall flows WF2 and WF1 formed by the main diffuser 3 while being taken in as the wall flow WF3. A detour circulating flow toward the outlet 4 is formed along each of the side wall portion WA1, the depth direction second end side wall portion WB2, and the width direction second end side wall portion WA2.

  The inflow port 5 and the outflow port 4 for water circulation are formed in the pond main body 2 in the above-described positional relationship, and the main air diffuser 3 is disposed in the above-described positional relationship in the pond bottom 2b, so that the water enters through the inflow port 5. Water flows toward the outlet 4 while bypassing along the side walls WA1, WB2 and WA2 of the pond main body 2 due to the air current AF from the main diffuser 3, and thus along the inner periphery of the side wall 2s of the pond main body 2. Circulating flow can be formed constantly. This makes it difficult for water blind spots such as oxygen deficiency to be formed in the pond main body 2 while using an extremely simple mechanism, and it is possible to carry out land culture with a higher population density.

  In addition, the formed water current is gentle, and as shown in FIG. 12, swimming against the water current of the juvenile shrimp SP becomes easy, stress is less likely to accumulate, and a healthy culture state with a low mortality can be easily maintained. And even if the population density of the juvenile shrimp in the pond main body 2 is increased, the moulting of the juvenile shrimp is favorably promoted, and the harvest rate by land farming can be improved. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, a drain pipe 31 for discharging water in the pond main body 2 is provided at a lower portion of the pond main body 2 and drainage is performed by a drain pump 32 in order to facilitate water exchange and harvesting of the pond. It is also possible to provide.

  The pond main body 2 has a simple configuration formed by a simple water storage section 12 made of a flexible resin sheet and its support frame 11, and is greatly simplified and lightened. As a result, coupled with the fact that the population density of the culture in the pond main body 2 can be improved, the culture cost per culture including the depreciation portion of the capital investment is greatly reduced. For example, conventionally, frozen imported products were mainly used, and raw food etc. were seen as almost impossible, so that the realization of clean land culture enables the same handling as live fish, and even the provision of sashimi etc. It is hoped that this will be possible, but due to the high cost of aquaculture, the market price is considerably higher than that of imported products. However, the adoption of the present invention makes it possible to supply such raw fish such as banana shrimp at an affordable price, which can greatly contribute to the spread of land-cultured products.

  In addition, the simple water storage section 12 employed in this embodiment can easily form the outlet 4 through the side wall 2s made of a resin sheet, and as shown in FIG. 11, mainly the flow component parallel to the water surface. The water in the pond main body 2 can be discharged from the outlet 4, which advantageously contributes to the formation of a bypass circulation flow. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the outflow pipe 6a of the circulation pipe 6 is connected to the upper part of the side wall 2s of the simple water storage section 12, and as shown in FIG. From the main diffuser 3 that creates a radial surface flow while rising from the bottom of the water, and the water in the upper layer from the outlet 4 to the side. Cooperation with the leading flow SF for forming a bypass circulation flow is promoted.

  Also, the inflow port 5 at the end of the return pipe portion 6d is opened downward toward the water surface, and water flows down from above the liquid surface, so that the dropped water flow is gently spread along the liquid surface. be able to. As a result, it is easy to match with the speed of the formed detour circulation flow, and it is possible to alleviate the stress on the cultured material due to the rapid flow peculiar to the inflow water.

  As shown in FIG. 2 and the like, the circulation pipeline 6 has a downward form from the outlet 4 to the pumping point PP below the ground contact surface GS, and the potential energy of the water flowing out from the pond main body 2 is larger. Because it can be secured, it contributes to the more prominent formation of detour circulation. In addition, since the filtration tank 23 is provided in this section, the pressure loss passing through the filtration tank 23 is compensated for by the potential energy of water, and the water passing speed of the filtration tank 23 and thus the filtration efficiency are enhanced.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the rounded transition portion 12 r is formed by swelling using water pressure at the lower portion of the simple water storage portion 12, so that stagnation near the bottom portion 2 b is less likely to occur, and the detour circuit It is easy to ensure that the current spreads in the depth direction. Also, shrimp SP (especially juvenile shrimp) have a habit of gathering and swimming preferentially in such a rounded area, so that they can activate underwater activities and promote moulting. Furthermore, the area of the round surface shape is easy to sift the net when harvesting shrimp SP, especially from the back side in the swimming direction (since the shrimp swim against the flow, it is the direction to catch the detour circular flow from the front). By so doing, a large amount of shrimp SP can be guided into the net at a time, and the work efficiency at the time of harvest can be increased.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the simple water storage unit 12 is arranged on the soil surface, so that the bottom of the stored water is extremely cooled by the cold air on the ground contact surface even when performing onshore cultivation in winter or in a cold region. Problem is solved. In the case of shrimp cultivation, there is a high tendency to gather near the bottom 2b of the simple water storage section 12 bulging into a round surface, but if the bottom 2b of the pond main body 2 is formed of a concrete wall or the like having a large cold storage capacity, hot water ( The activity of shrimp (for example, 25 ° C. or more and 28 ° C. or less) is more likely to be slowed or weakened. However, the bottom 2b of the simple water storage section 12 is a flexible resin sheet having a low cold storage capacity, and is in contact with the soil surface that is difficult to cool through the heat insulating material layer 26, so that the water temperature near the bottom 2b can be adjusted to an appropriate temperature. Easy to maintain. Further, since the heating mechanism 14 is provided on the bottom 2b of the simple water storage section 12, the effect of increasing the water temperature near the bottom 2b is even more remarkable.

  When the installation location is warm, it is of course possible to construct the pond main body 2 with concrete or the like, and when the simple water storage section 12 is used, it is necessary to arrange the pond main body 2 on the concrete installation surface, Alternatively, the heating mechanism 14 may be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 13, an outlet is formed at the bottom of the pond main body 2, and the filtration tank 23 is disposed above the water surface by the tank support frame 51, and the water flowing out from the bottom to the circulation pipe 6 is formed. Is pumped up by the water pump 7 and guided to the filtration tank 23, and is returned to the pond main body 2 from the lower inflow port 5 while being sequentially filtered and circulated.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, they are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the object to be cultured is not limited to shrimp, and fishes such as trout, blowfish and tuna, and shellfish such as abalone can be applied to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1 Land culture pond structure 2 Pond body 3 Main diffuser 4 Outlet 5 Inlet 6 Circulation line 7 Circulation pump 8 Auxiliary diffuser 9 Suspension frame 10 Support column 11 Support frame 12 Simple water storage 13 Bottom support Body 14 heating mechanism

Claims (18)

A pond body having a square bottom and a side wall formed along the periphery thereof, and disposed on the bottom so as to be submerged in water filling the pond body, and directing an oxygen-containing gas supplied from the outside toward the water surface. A main air diffuser that blows up, an outlet for discharging water from the pond main body at one end, and a circulating pipe having an inlet for flowing water into the pond main body at the other end; and a circulating pipe on the circulating pipe. With a provided circulation pump,
The pond main body is a support frame body including a suspension frame disposed along a pond upper surface opening and a support pillar supporting the suspension frame from below on a ground contact surface, and a flexible resin sheet. A bottom portion and the side wall are integrally formed, and an upper edge of the resin sheet portion forming the side wall is coupled to the suspension frame, and is supported by the support frame body in a suspended state in a state of being poured inside. Equipped with a simple water storage unit,
The outlet is formed so as to penetrate the resin sheet forming the side wall of the simple water storage portion,
In the rectangular planar outline of the pond main body, when the direction along the first side of the two sides adjacent to each other is defined as the width direction, and the direction along the second side is defined as the depth direction, the inflow port of the circulation pipeline is defined as Is formed at the first end side in the depth direction toward the first end side in the width direction, while the outlet is formed on the side wall on the second end side in the width direction and the inlet in the depth direction. An opening is formed so as to be located between the depth direction second end side wall portion,
The arrangement position at the bottom of the main diffuser is smaller in the depth direction than the distance from the imaginary line connecting the inlet and the outlet, the distance from the depth direction second end side wall portion, And in the width direction, the distance from the width direction center line is determined so as to be smaller than the distance from any of the inflow port and the outflow port,
A part of the flow from the inflow port is merged into a wall flow along the depth direction second end side wall part and the width direction second end side wall part formed by the main air diffusion part, and the inflow port is formed. From the width direction first end side wall, the depth direction second end side wall and the width direction second end side wall so as to form a detour circulating flow flowing toward the outlet. Onshore aquaculture pond structure.   The auxiliary air diffuser is arranged between the inlet and the main air diffuser in the depth direction closer to the width-direction first end side wall than the width direction center line. Pond structure for land aquaculture.   The outlet is formed such that a distance from the center line in the depth direction in the depth direction is smaller than a distance from the inlet and a distance from the second end wall in the depth direction. 3. The pond for land culture according to claim 1 or claim 2. The circulation conduit has a formation end of the outlet coupled to an upper portion of the side wall of the simple water storage unit, and opens the outlet through the side wall.
The on-land aquaculture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an upper layer portion of the water stored in the simple water storage section is caused to flow into the circulation pipe via the outlet. Pond structure. The circulation conduit, formation side end of the inlet is one which opens downward toward the inlet while being disposed above the simple reservoir to the water surface in the simple reservoir claims 1 to Item 4. The pond structure for onshore aquaculture according to any one of item 4 . The circulation pipe is disposed so as to monotonously descend from the outlet to a pumping point located below the ground surface of the simple water storage unit, and the circulation pump provided at the water pumping point is used to circulate the inside of the simple water storage unit. 6. The pond for onshore aquaculture according to claim 5 , wherein the circulating water is pumped upward from the water surface and guided to the inflow port. A part of a portion of the circulating pipeline located upstream of the pumping point is disposed in a tank housing recess formed in the side of the simple water storage section and dug down from the ground contact surface. 7. The pond for onshore aquaculture according to claim 6, wherein a filter tank for filtering circulating water is provided in the recess. The simple water storage unit, in a state filled with water, vertical cross-section of the transition section continuing from a lower portion of the side wall to the outer peripheral edge of the bottom, according to claim 1 comprising formed on rounded surface shape projecting outwardly 8. The pond for land culture according to any one of claims 7 to 7 . In the simple water storage section, the shape of the transition portion is adjusted so that the ground contact portion at the bottom is smaller than the upper opening of the side wall when the water is filled, and the side wall is at the storage water pressure in the vertical cross-sectional shape. The outer peripheral edge of the ground contact surface is formed while projecting outward from the upper edge side toward the lower edge side in a downward slope shape, and then contracting inward through a maximum point to form the transition surface in a round shape. 9. The pond for land culture according to claim 8 , wherein said pond has a swelling form connected to said pond. The on-land aquaculture pond structure according to claim 9 , wherein a reinforcing sheet made of a flexible resin is laminated on an inner surface of the transition portion of the simple water storage section. In the support frame, the support pillars are disposed in a slanting form that descends outward toward a ground point located outside the maximum point in contact with an upper portion of the side wall of the simple water storage unit. 11. The land culture pond structure according to claim 10 , wherein a lower end portion of the support pillar and an outer edge of a ground portion of the bottom portion are connected in a stretched manner by a bottom support made of a flexible resin sheet. Land farming pond construction according to any one of claims 1 to 11 heating mechanism of the stored water is disposed on the bottom of the simple reservoir. The heating mechanism includes a flow pipe for a liquid heating medium disposed on the bottom portion, a medium heating section provided outside the simple water storage section for heating the liquid heating medium, and a medium heating section. And a medium circulation pump that circulates and sends the liquid heating medium between the circulation pipe and the circulation pipe, wherein the stored water is heated by heat transfer from the liquid heating medium through the circulation pipe wall. 13. The pond for land culture according to claim 12 . The pond structure for onshore cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 13 is used to cultivate the pond body while swimming a fish or a crustacean in the detour circuit. A land aquaculture method characterized in that: 15. The land culture method according to claim 14 , wherein the culture object is shrimp swimming against the detour circuit. The method of claim 15 , wherein the shrimp is a shrimp. The on-land aquaculture method according to any one of claims 14 to 16 , wherein the simple water storage section is arranged on a soil surface. 18. The land culture method according to claim 17 , wherein a heat insulating material layer is disposed between the soil surface and a bottom of the simple water storage unit.

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