JP6580886B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6580886B2 JP6580886B2 JP2015131994A JP2015131994A JP6580886B2 JP 6580886 B2 JP6580886 B2 JP 6580886B2 JP 2015131994 A JP2015131994 A JP 2015131994A JP 2015131994 A JP2015131994 A JP 2015131994A JP 6580886 B2 JP6580886 B2 JP 6580886B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- additive
- active material
- lithium
- electrode active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 methylene methane disulfonic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCO1 GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- PMQJYWORJJEMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Mn] PMQJYWORJJEMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- AIBQNUOBCRIENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ni] AIBQNUOBCRIENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001225 nuclear magnetic resonance method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethenylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPLNAQJTXYXDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,5-trichloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1OC(=O)OC1(Cl)Cl JPLNAQJTXYXDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRJXZTRTJWAKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,5-trifluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1(F)F CRJXZTRTJWAKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIGQQEOWQNDHJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dichloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1(Cl)COC(=O)O1 HIGQQEOWQNDHJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1COC(=O)O1 OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIYMZTXOQUJMML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC1COC(=O)O1 QIYMZTXOQUJMML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABUUZDFXQZKHPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CC1COC(=O)O1 ABUUZDFXQZKHPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910003266 NiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical class [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UXXXZMDJQLPQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl) carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)OCC(C)C UXXXZMDJQLPQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODCCJTMPMUFERV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC(C)(C)C ODCCJTMPMUFERV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PFPYHYZFFJJQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC1=O PFPYHYZFFJJQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(O)=O FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
また、サイクル寿命の改善などの観点から、正極活物質として、リチウム・ニッケル系複合酸化物を使用することが従来から試みられている。
そこで本発明は、正極活物質としてリチウム・ニッケル系複合酸化物を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池の、電解液由来のガスの発生を防いで、電池の放電容量維持率(サイクル特性および保存寿命)を向上させることを目的とする。
負極活物質として、負極活物質として、BET比表面積3.4m2/gの黒鉛粉末を用いた。この黒鉛粉末と、導電助剤としてBET比表面積62m2/gのカーボンブラック粉末(以下、「CB」と称する。)と、バインダー樹脂としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(以下、「CMC」と称する。)およびスチレンブタジエン共重合体ラテックス(以下、「SBR」と称する。)とを、固形分質量比でCB:CMC:SBR=0.3:1.0:2.0の割合で混合しイオン交換水に添加して撹拌し、これらの材料を水中に均一に分散させてスラリーを作製した。得られたスラリーを、負極集電体となる厚み10μmの銅箔上に塗布した。次いで、125℃にて10分間、電極を加熱し、水を蒸発させることにより負極活物質層を形成した。更に、負極活物質層をプレスすることによって、負極集電体の片面上に負極活物質層を塗布した負極を作製した。
炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)と、水酸化ニッケル(Ni(OH)2)と、水酸化コバルト(Co(OH)2)と、水酸化マンガン(Mn(OH)2)を、焼成後のLiOH量、Li2CO3量が、1.0重量%以下となるように、所定のモル比で混合し、乾燥雰囲気下で750℃で20時間焼成した。このリチウム・ニッケル系複合酸化物を粉砕して、平均粒径9μmのリチウム・ニッケル系複合酸化物(ニッケル・コバルト・マンガン酸リチウム(NCM523、すなわちニッケル:コバルト:マンガン=5:2:3、リチウム/メタル比=1.04、BET比表面積22m2/g))を得た。
このようにして得たリチウム・ニッケル系複合酸化物と、リチウム・マンガン酸化物(LiMn2O4)とを70:30(重量比)で混合した混合酸化物と、導電助剤としてBET比表面積62m2/gのCBと、BET比表面積22m2/gの黒鉛粉末(GR)と、バインダー樹脂としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを、固形分質量比でCB:GR:PVDFが3:1:3の割合となるように、溶媒であるN−メチルピロリドン(以下、「NMP」と称する。)に添加した。さらに、この混合物に有機系水分捕捉剤として無水シュウ酸(分子量90)を、上記混合物からNMPを除いた固形分100質量部に対して0.03質量部添加した上で遊星方式の分散混合を30分間実施することで、これらの材料を均一に分散させてスラリーを作製した。得られたスラリーを、正極集電体となる厚み20μmのアルミニウム箔上に塗布した。次いで、125℃にて10分間、電極を加熱し、NMPを蒸発させることにより正極活物質層を形成した。さらに、正極活物質層をプレスすることによって、正極集電体の片面上に正極活物質層を塗布した正極を作製した。
実施例1等で用いた正極よりもさらにアルカリ成分を低減させた正極を作製した。すなわち、焼成後のLiOH量、Li2CO3量を0.05重量%以下まで減量するように、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)と、水酸化ニッケル(Ni(OH)2)と、水酸化コバルト(Co(OH)2)と、水酸化マンガン(Mn(OH)2)のモル比を調整し、かつ、焼成条件を変更して正極活物質を作製した。正極の作製方法は、実施例1等と同様に行った。
耐熱微粒子としてアルミナを用いた耐熱微粒子層とポリプロピレンからなる厚さ25μmのオレフィン系樹脂層とから構成されるセラミックセパレータを使用した。
非水電解液として、エチレンカーボネート(以下、「EC」と称する。)とジエチルカーボネート(以下、「DEC」と称する。)とエチルメチルカーボネート(以下、「EMC」と称する。)とをEC:DEC:EMC=30:60:10(体積比)の割合で混合した非水溶媒に、電解質塩としての六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を濃度が0.9mol/Lとなるように溶解させたものに対して、添加剤として環状ジスルホン酸エステル(メチレンメタンジスルホンネート(MMDS)と、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を溶解させたものを用いた。
上記のように作製した各負極と正極を、各々所定サイズの矩形に切り出した。このうち、端子を接続するための未塗布部にアルミニウム製の正極リード端子を超音波溶接した。同様に、正極リード端子と同サイズのニッケル製の負極リード端子を負極板における未塗布部に超音波溶接した。ポリプロピレン多孔質セパレータの両面に上記負極板と正極板とを両活物質層がセパレータを隔てて重なるように配置して電極板積層体を得た。2枚のアルミニウムラミネートフィルムの長辺の一方を除いて三辺を熱融着により接着して袋状のラミネート外装体を作製した。ラミネート外装体に上記電極積層体を挿入した。電解液を注液して真空含浸させた後、減圧下にて開口部を熱融着により封止することによって、積層型リチウムイオン電池を得た。この積層型リチウムイオン電池について高温エージングを数回行い、電池容量5Ahの積層型リチウムイオン電池を得た。
電池の残容量(以下、「SOC」と称する。)0%から100%まで、雰囲気温度25℃で、1C電流、上限電圧4.15Vでの定電流定電圧充電を行い、次いでSOC0%になるまで1C電流での定電流放電を行った。
リチウムイオン二次電池の初期充放電を行った後、電池を解体し、電解液中に残存している各添加剤の量を、核磁気共鳴法(NMR)により測定した。添加剤の総モル数に対するVCのモル比は、それぞれ表1に記載したとおりであった。
正極活物質中に含まれているアルカリ成分の量を滴定法により測定した。
正極活物質中に含まれている水分量をカールフィッシャー法により測定した。
電池抵抗は、電池の残容量(SOC)50%の電池を用意し、25℃下で10Aでの定電流放電を10秒間行い放電終了時の電圧を測定することにより電池抵抗を求めた。電池の体積は、JIS Z 8807「固体の密度及び比重の測定法−液中ひょう量法による密度及び比重の測定方法」にしたがい測定した。
電解液中に残存する各添加剤の量を測定した後、上記と同様の手順で再度電池を封止した。作製した電池を、1C電流、上限電圧4.15Vでの定電流定電圧充電を行ってSOC100%とし、45℃の恒温槽に保管して、保存試験を実施した。
保存前後の放電容量、直流抵抗を測定し、1C放電容量維持率、および、セル直流抵抗上昇率を計算した。
初期充放電後の電池の体積と、SOC100%の電池を45℃で20週間保存する保存試験後の電池の体積を、それぞれJIS Z 8807「固体の密度及び比重の測定法−液中ひょう量法による密度及び比重の測定方法」にしたがい測定した。(保存試験後の電池の体積)−(初期充放電後の電池の体積)なる計算式でガスの発生量を測定した。
11 負極集電体
12 正極集電体
13 負極活物質層
15 正極活物質層
17 セパレータ
25 負極リード
27 正極リード
29 外装体
31 電解液
Claims (7)
- 正極活物質層が正極集電体に配置された正極と、
負極活物質層が負極集電体に配置された負極と、
セパレータと、
電解液と、
を含む発電要素を、外装体内部に含むリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
該正極活物質層が、リチウム・ニッケル系複合酸化物を正極活物質として含み、
該正極が、該正極活物質として含む該リチウム・ニッケル系複合酸化物の重量に対して1%未満の残留アルカリ成分を含み、
該電解液がエチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネートおよびエチルメチルカーボネートを含有し、該電解液が添加剤を含有し、該電解液が、第1添加剤として、不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート添加剤を含むとともに、第2添加剤として、硫黄を含む添加剤を含み、
該リチウムイオン二次電池の初期充放電後に、該添加剤の総モル量を100としたときの該不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート添加剤のモル比率が78%以下である
ことを特徴とする、前記リチウムイオン二次電池。 - 該電解液が、該添加剤の総モル量を100としたときの不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート添加剤のモル比率が63%以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 該正極が、該正極活物質として含むリチウム・ニッケル系複合酸化物の重量に対して0.16%〜0.22%の残留アルカリ成分を含む、請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 該不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート添加剤がビニレンカーボネートである、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 該リチウム・ニッケル系複合酸化物が、一般式LixNiyCozMn(1−y−z)O2(式中、xは1≦x≦1.2であり、yおよびzはy+z<1を満たす正の数であり、yの値が0.5以下である。)で表される層状結晶構造を有するリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト複合酸化物を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 該正極が、該正極活物質であるリチウム・ニッケル系複合酸化物の重量に対して400ppm以下の水を含有する、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 該電解液が、該硫黄を含む添加剤がメチレンメタンジスルホン酸エステルである、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015131994A JP6580886B2 (ja) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
CN201610390286.8A CN106328934B (zh) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-03 | 锂离子二次电池 |
EP16173067.6A EP3113255B1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-06 | Lithium ion secondary battery |
US15/175,132 US10276889B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-07 | Lithium ion secondary battery |
KR1020160073645A KR20170003394A (ko) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-14 | 리튬 이온 2차 전지 |
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DE102018209933A1 (de) | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schadstoffbindender Elektrolyt für elektrochemische Zellen |
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TW363940B (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1999-07-11 | Toda Kogyo Corp | A lithium-nickle-cobalt compound oxide, process thereof and anode active substance for storage battery |
JPH11283667A (ja) | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-15 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウムイオン電池 |
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JP4345642B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-15 | 2009-10-14 | 日本電気株式会社 | 二次電池 |
US7858230B2 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2010-12-28 | The Gillette Company | Battery cathodes |
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US20120292561A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 | 2012-11-22 | Panasonic Corporation | Positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, method for producing same and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using same |
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