JP6556035B2 - Total element productivity measuring device, all element productivity measuring method, and all element productivity measuring program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a total element productivity measuring device, a total element productivity measuring method, and a total element productivity measuring program.

  Producers input raw materials, energy, labor, etc. to production facilities to produce products. Elements on the input side such as equipment, raw materials, energy, and labor are generally called “production elements”. There are many combinations of production factors that produce the same amount of product. Then, for example, when the unit price of labor rises, the producer decreases the input of labor and increases the input of equipment instead. By repeating such substitutions, the producer increases productivity. As will be described in detail later, productivity is “production / input”.

  On the other hand, Non-Patent Document 1 exists as an analysis of the transition of “total factor productivity” over the medium and long term of the macro economy, rather than analysis by producer unit. Although details will be described later, the total factor productivity is not a productivity factor for a specific factor, but an indicator showing the technological progress of the entire macro economy (single economy). Non-Patent Document 1 empirically analyzes how changes in energy productivity, labor productivity, etc. affect the total factor productivity over the medium to long term. On top of that, it demonstrates whether or not there has been an alternative (for example, a shift from energy to labor) between production factors that truly realizes technological progress.

Yoshiya Ogawa, Mitsuhiro Nagata, Atsushi Hatakeyama, and Ichiro Fukunaga, “Effects of Energy Price Fluctuation on Productivity: Arrangement and Measurement”, Bank of Japan Research and Statistics Bureau, No. 09-J-10, November 2009, Figures 3-6

  Producers are making substitutions between production factors. However, the producer merely determines an alternative between the production factors while using the productivity for each production factor (referred to as single factor productivity) as an evaluation criterion. For example, after replacing labor with capital (equipment), labor productivity rises and capital productivity falls. However, as one goes up and the other goes down, it is difficult to interpret these alone and assess whether the replacement labor-capital allocation ratio is optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce indicators such as total factor productivity in macroeconomic analysis even at production sites.

  The macroeconomic analysis in Non-Patent Document 1 uses real capital stock, utilization rate, number of workers, working hours, etc. as input side statistics, and real GDP as output side statistics. These statistics are chosen for the purpose of macroeconomic analysis exclusively by government agencies and are quite different from those used on a daily basis by individual producers. Further, in the macroeconomic analysis in Non-Patent Document 1, the total factor productivity is calculated by performing a complicated calculation using a huge amount of data, and it is a reality that the individual producers use the analysis method as it is. Not right.

  Therefore, the present invention aims to easily calculate total factor productivity based on measured values that can be used at the production site, to visualize it, and to promote production reform from a management perspective by the production site. To do.

The total factor productivity measuring device of the present invention receives the production factor input amount and the production amount produced using the production factor from the terminal device, and receives the production factor input amount and product output. The total factor productivity is calculated by substituting the input of the received production factor and the received output of the received product into the formula that defines the relationship between the quantity and the total factor productivity. It is characterized by having a control part which displays a screen.
Other means will be described in the embodiment for carrying out the invention.

  According to the present invention, the total factor productivity can be easily calculated based on the measurement values that can be used at the production site, visualized, and the production site can proactively promote production reform from a management perspective.

It is a figure which shows an example of a production site. It is a figure which shows an example of the input of a production element. It is a figure which shows the structure of a total factor productivity measuring apparatus. It is a sequence diagram of the whole processing procedure. It is a figure which shows an example of a production element component ratio display screen. It is a figure which shows an example of an alternative effect display screen. It is a figure which shows an example of a cumulative production number productivity display screen. It is a figure which shows an example of the contribution display screen to the total factor productivity of a product portfolio. It is a figure which shows an example of an external environment sensitivity display screen. It is a figure which shows an example of a technical progress bias display screen. It is a figure which shows an example of an equipment age productivity display screen.

  Hereinafter, a mode for carrying out the present invention (referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, a product is produced using a machine tool (hereinafter, in the present invention, general production equipment including not only machine tools but also peripheral equipment is referred to as “machine tool”). Assume a producer.

  An example of the production site will be described with reference to FIG. A plurality of facilities M1, M2, M3 and M4 are arranged at the production site. Each of these facilities M1 and the like is a machine tool that processes a raw material or an intermediate raw material, and is connected to the server S so as to be communicable. Among these, equipment M1 performs arbitrary processing with respect to raw material W1. As a result, the raw material W1 becomes the intermediate raw material W2. The facility M2 performs arbitrary processing on the intermediate raw material W2. As a result, the intermediate raw material W2 becomes the intermediate raw material W3. The facility M3 performs arbitrary processing on the intermediate raw material W3. As a result, the intermediate raw material W3 becomes the intermediate raw material W4. The facility M4 performs arbitrary processing on the intermediate raw material W4. As a result, the intermediate product W4 becomes the product P1. The facility M1 has a facility terminal apparatus C1 that controls itself. The same applies to the facilities M2, M3, and M4.

  The worker H1 carries the mobile terminal device CC1 and circulates between the facilities in the order of equipment M1, equipment M2, equipment M3, equipment M4, equipment M1. When the worker H1 sees that the equipment M1 finishes processing the raw material W1, the worker H1 removes the intermediate raw material W2 from the equipment M1, and instead attaches the raw material W1 to the equipment M1. The worker H1 then transports the intermediate raw material W2 to the facility M2. The worker H1 removes the intermediate raw material W3, which is the result of the processing performed by the facility M2 on the intermediate raw material W2 that he previously attached to the facility M2, from the facility M2, and installs the intermediate raw material W2 that has been transported instead. Attach to M2. The worker H1 then transports the intermediate raw material W3 to the facility M3. The worker H1 performs the same operation in the facility M3.

  The worker H1 removes the product P1 that is a product processed by the facility M4 from the facility M4 with respect to the intermediate raw material W4 attached to the facility M4 by the previous time, and replaces the intermediate material W4 transported by the facility M4 with the facility M4. Attach to. The worker H1 then transports the product P1 to, for example, a product stock yard and stores the product P1. Thereafter, the worker H1 moves to the raw material stock yard, obtains the raw material W1, and transports it to the facility M1.

  The portable terminal device CC1 can communicate with each of the facility terminal device C1 and the like. Therefore, when the worker H1 is in the vicinity of the facility terminal device C1, the facility terminal device C1 can transmit the position information of the worker H1 to the server S. When the worker H1 is in the vicinity of the facility terminal device C2, the facility terminal device C2 can transmit the position information of the worker H1 to the server S. The same applies to the equipment terminal devices C3 and C4. Eventually, the server S can always know the position of the worker H1.

Information that the server S can know can also be information other than the position information of the worker H1. For example, the server S can know the following information via the equipment terminal device C1.
-The time (time) when the equipment M1 starts processing and the time when processing ends.
-When the worker H1 starts work and finishes work in the facility M1. Note that these two time points may be a time point when the communication between the mobile terminal device CC1 and the facility terminal device C1 is started and a time point when the communication is ended. The time between these two time points corresponds to the working hours of the worker H1.
・ Type and input of raw material W1 to be processed by equipment M1 ・ Type and output of intermediate raw material W2 to be processed by equipment M1

  The same applies to information that the server S can know via the equipment terminal devices C2, C3, and C4. The server S includes the unit price of the raw material W1, the intermediate raw materials W2, W3 and W4, the unit price of the product P1, the unit price of the equipment M1, M2, M3 and M4 (depreciation amount per unit time, etc.), and the unit time of the worker H1 I remember the wage per person.

An example of production element input will be described with reference to FIG. At time _{t 1,} workers H1 is carrying the portable terminal apparatus CC1, it approached the facility terminal C1. Then, the mobile terminal device CC1 started communication with the facility terminal device C1. At time _{t 2,} workers H1 is away from the facility terminal C1. Then, the mobile terminal device CC1 ended the communication. Facilities M1 from time _{t 1} until the time _{t 4,} was continuously processed for the material W1. As a result, the raw material W1 is from time _{t 1} until the time _{t 4,} and continues to be put into the equipment M1.

At time _{t 3,} workers H1 is carrying the portable terminal apparatus CC1, it approached the facility terminal C2. Then, the portable terminal device CC1 started communication with the facility terminal device C2. At time _{t 4,} workers H1 is away from the facility terminal C2. Then, the mobile terminal device CC1 ended the communication. Facilities M2 is from time _{t 3} to reach the point _{t 5,} had continued working for intermediate material W2. As a result, intermediate material W2 is from time t ₃ to reach the point t _5, and continues to be put into the equipment M2. The same applies thereafter.

From the time _{t 6} up to the point in time _{t 7,} factory workers H1 is, from the equipment M4 (via the product stock yard, etc.) back to the facility M1. In this way, the server S also manages the working hours of the worker H1.

  1 and 2 are merely examples of production sites. For example, when there are a plurality of “lines” including equipment M1 to M4 as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of products are processed (produced) from a plurality of raw materials. Even when there is only one line, different products are processed (produced) by changing the raw materials in various ways.

(Production function and total factor productivity in macroeconomics)
In the field of macroeconomics, the “Cobb-Douglas type” production function of Equation 1 is frequently used.
Y = A × K ^α × L ^1-α (Formula 1)
In Equation 1, Y is the output of the product, more precisely, real GDP. K is the amount of capital input, more precisely the product of real capital stock and occupancy rate. L is the input of labor, more precisely, the product of the number of workers and working hours. α is a capital distribution ratio, and 0 <α <1. “1-α” is called a labor share. A is total factor productivity (TFP). Taking the natural logarithm of each side of Equation 1 and transposing, Equation 2 is obtained.
InA = InY-[[alpha] * InK + (1- [alpha]) * InL] (Formula 2)
An unknown A is obtained by substituting the values of Y, K, L, and α, which are given observation values, into the right side.

If the relationship of Expression 3 always holds among the observed values Y, K, L, and α, there is no room for introducing the concept of total factor productivity A.
Y = K ^α × L ^1-α (Formula 3)
However, in reality, for example, the value on the right side of Expression 3 may be exactly the same at a certain time point and the next time point, but the value on the left side may increase from the certain time point to the next time point. . Thus, in order to express a factor that cannot be explained only by a tangible production factor, a production function in which the total factor productivity A is introduced as a non-negative adjustment coefficient is expressed by Equation 1. The total factor productivity A is regarded as an index indicating the technical level of the whole country that cannot be directly observed quantitatively.

(First calculation example of total factor productivity)
One example of the production function of the present embodiment is represented by Equation 4. Expression 5 is a component display of the vectors Y, Q, P, and A of the expression 4 and the matrix X.
Y × Q = X × P + A (Formula 4)

  In Equations 4 and 5, Y is an output vector of n rows and 1 column. Q is a sales unit price vector of n rows and 1 column. X is an input matrix of n rows and m columns. P is a procurement unit price vector of m rows and 1 column. A is a total element productivity vector of n rows and 1 column.

In Equation 5, there are m types of production factors. The input amount of each production factor is x, and the unit price of each production factor is p. Examples of production factors include capital (funds), equipment, labor, raw materials, energy, and the like. There are n types of products. The output of each product is y, and the unit price of each product is q. The total factor productivity is expressed as a scalar value a for each of n types of products. t indicates a time point (t = 1, 2, 3,...). That is, Formula 5 exists as many times as there are time points. An expression for calculating the total element productivity vector A having n scalar values a as components is Expression 6. The superscript T means “transpose” (columns become rows).
A = Y ^T × Q−X × P (Formula 6)

  Assume again the production site as shown in FIG. The plurality of facilities M1 and the like at the production site manage the values of the components of the output vector Y and the input matrix X. Further, the server S at the production site manages the values of each component of the sales unit price vector Q and the procurement unit price vector P. Then, if the server S receives the value of each component of the output quantity vector Y and the input quantity matrix X from the plurality of facilities M1, etc., it can calculate the value of each component of the total element productivity vector A.

(Second example of total factor productivity)
As a method for calculating the total factor productivity more precisely, the method described in “Takanobu Nakajima,“ Productivity Analysis of the Japanese Economy ”, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, June 4, 2001, pp. 53-90” is available. Although the details are omitted, the production function used in the method is a “translog production function”, which is a generalization of the Cobb-Douglas type production function. The output is divided by the total input, and the total output and the total input are the values of the Divisia integral index, aggregated by the Theil = Tornqvist type discrete approximation. It can be interpreted as a producer's action that takes a cost minimizing action on the translog production function, and the following equations 7 to 11 are derived from the translog production function.

Here, x _i (i = 1, 2,..., M) is the input amount of the production factor. p _i (i = 1, 2,..., m) is a unit price of the production factor. There are a total of m production factors. y _i (i = 1, 2,..., n) is the output of the product. q _i (i = 1, 2,..., n) is a unit price of the product. There are a total of n products. Note that “C” is all inputs and “V” is all outputs.

  The left side of Equation 7 is the rate of change of total factor productivity “TFP”. More specifically, the left side of Equation 7 subtracts the value of the total element productivity at the previous time point “t−1” from the value of the total element productivity at the comparison time point “t” and uses the subtraction result as the reference time point “o”. Is equal to the ratio divided by the value of the total factor productivity in (the ratio of the reference time).

  The first term on the right side of Equation 7 is the rate of change in output. The second term on the right side of Equation 7 is the rate of change of input. It would be beneficial if it was possible to analyze which production factors out of the many production factors that were input and how much they influenced (contributed to) the total factor productivity. Therefore, when the second term on the right side of Equation 7 is decomposed, the second term on the right side of Equation 7 is the sum of Equation 12 and Equation 13. Equation 12 is the rate of change of the contribution of all production factors i (i ≠ j) other than the production factor j. Equation 13 is the rate of change of the contribution of the production factor j.

  In other words, an arbitrary production factor j among many production factors is noted and distinguished from other production factors. For example, when the input of the production factor j increases at the production site and the input of the production factor i (i ≠ j) does not change, the rate of change of the contribution of the production factor j in Equation 13 increases, and the total factor production accordingly. The sex change rate (left side of Equation 7) decreases. When the input of the production factor j increases and the input of the production factor i (i ≠ j) decreases, the substitution between the production factors occurs. At this time, the rate of change in total factor productivity (the left side of Equation 7) may decrease or increase.

  Equation 7 indicates that one total factor productivity is defined for all products. However, this ultimately results in a design matter of how granular the values for individual products are aggregated. Therefore, it is possible to define total factor productivity for each product.

(Rate of change)
Regarding the rate of change in total factor productivity, it was mentioned above that the ratio to the reference time point was used. However, the value of the total element productivity at the previous time point “t−1” is subtracted from the value of the total element productivity at the previous time point “t−1” from the value of the total element productivity at the comparison time point “t”. It is also possible to calculate the rate of change in the total factor productivity at the comparison time “t” as the ratio divided by (compared to the previous period).

Assume again the production site as shown in FIG. The plurality of facilities M1 and the like at the production site manage the input amount x _i and the output amount y _i . Further, the production site server S manages the unit price p _{i of the} production factor and the unit price q _i of the product. Then, the server can calculate the total factor productivity if it receives the input amount x _i and the output amount y _i from a plurality of facilities M1 and the like.

  The configuration of the total factor productivity measuring device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. The all factor productivity measuring device 1 is a general computer and corresponds to the server S in FIG. The total factor productivity measuring device 1 includes a central control device 11, an input device 12, an output device 13, a main storage device 14, an auxiliary storage device 15, and a communication device 16. These are connected to each other by a bus. The auxiliary storage device 15 stores output information 31, input information 32, sales unit price information 33, procurement unit price information 34, and total factor productivity information 35. The productivity measurement unit 21 and the license management unit 22 in the main storage device 14 are programs. Thereafter, when the subject is described as “XX section”, the central control device 11 reads out each program from the auxiliary storage device 15 and loads it into the main storage device 14, and then the function of each program (detailed later). Shall be realized.

  The total factor productivity measuring device 1 can communicate with the user terminal device 2 and the facility terminal device 3 via the network 4. The equipment terminal device 3 corresponds to the equipment terminal device C1 and the like in FIG. The user terminal device 2 is a general computer and includes a central control device 41, an input device 42, an output device 43, a main storage device 44, an auxiliary storage device 45, and a communication device 46. These are connected to each other by a bus.

  As business entities of the present embodiment, three parties, “machine tool producer”, “machine tool user”, and “productivity measurement service provider” are assumed. The machine tool producer produces a machine tool equipped with the equipment terminal device 3 and sells the machine tool to the machine tool user. A machine tool user uses a machine tool to produce an arbitrary product. The productivity measurement service provider is an operating entity of the all factor productivity measurement apparatus 1 and provides a product productivity measurement service to the machine tool user. The machine tool user receives the service using the user terminal device 2.

(Source of output information, etc.)
The output information 31, the input information 32, the sales unit price information 33, the procurement unit price information 34, and the total factor productivity information 35 are the output vector Y, respectively, described in the “first calculation example of the total factor productivity”. This corresponds to the input amount matrix X, the sales unit price vector Q, the procurement unit price vector P, and the total factor productivity vector A.

Similarly, the output information 31, the input information 32, the sales unit price information 33, the procurement unit price information 34, and the total factor productivity information 35 are respectively output as described in the “second calculation example of total factor productivity”. This also corresponds to y _i , input amount x _i , product unit price q _i , production factor unit price p _i, and total factor productivity TFP.

  In both the first calculation example and the second calculation example of total factor productivity, the data included in the output information 31 and the input information 32 is measured by a sensor (not shown) attached to the machine tool. Is done. The sensor sends the data to the equipment terminal device 3. The equipment terminal device 3 attaches information (“t” in Equation 5 or Equation 7) indicating the time point to the received data, and transmits it to the all factor productivity measuring device 1 (server S in FIG. 1). The clocks of the plurality of facility terminal apparatuses 3 are synchronized. For example, the same time is attached to data received by the plurality of facility terminal apparatuses 3 at the same time.

  The input device 42 of the user terminal device 2 accepts that the machine tool user inputs data included in the sales unit price information 33 and the procurement unit price information 34. The user terminal device 2 attaches information (“t” in Formula 5 or Formula 7) indicating the time of product sales or production factor procurement to the received data, and the total factor productivity measurement device 1 (FIG. 1). To the server S) and stored in the auxiliary storage device 45. The productivity measuring unit 21 of the total factor productivity measuring device 1 uses the output information 31, the input amount information 32, the sales unit price information 33 and the procurement unit price information 34, and based on the formula 6 or the formula 7, the total factor productivity is calculated. Data of information 35 is calculated.

(Screen displayed by all factor productivity measuring device)
The productivity measuring unit 21 displays the calculated total factor productivity information 35 on the output device 43 of the user terminal device 2. Alternatively, the productivity measuring unit 21 processes the data received by the all factor productivity measuring apparatus 1 and displays the processed data on the output device 43 on the screen.

(Overall procedure)
The overall processing procedure will be described with reference to FIG. The machine tool producer server 5 in FIG. 4 is a general management server operated by the machine tool producer (not shown in FIG. 3).
In step S <b> 101, the license management unit 22 of the total factor productivity measuring device 1 sells a network use service to the machine tool producer server 5. The network use service is a service for companies to send and receive data to and from each other via a network, and is provided based on a contract concluded between a machine tool producer and a productivity measurement service provider. The network use service includes authentication information for uniquely identifying the equipment terminal device 3, and has a function for the machine tool producer to add this authentication information to the equipment terminal device 3. Furthermore, the network use service also has a function of transmitting authentication information added to the equipment terminal device 3 to the productivity measurement service provider. In FIG. 4, broken arrows indicate the flow of information.

  In step S102, the machine tool producer server 5 adds an authentication function. Specifically, the machine tool producer server 5 adds authentication information to the equipment terminal device 3 attached to the machine tool. Then, the machine tool producer sells machine tools to machine tool users. The machine tool includes an equipment terminal device 3, and authentication information is added to the equipment terminal device 3. When this step is completed, the entire processing procedure is temporarily interrupted.

  In step S103, the facility terminal apparatus 3 secures a communication environment. Specifically, the facility terminal device 3 connects itself to the network 4. That is, the facility terminal device 3 resumes the entire processing procedure that has been temporarily suspended at an arbitrary timing determined by the machine tool user.

In step S <b> 104, the facility terminal apparatus 3 transmits authentication information to the all factor productivity measuring apparatus 1. The all factor productivity measuring device 1 receives the authentication information.
In step S105, the license management unit 22 of the total factor productivity measuring apparatus 1 authenticates the machine tool user. Specifically, the total factor productivity measuring device 1 confirms that the authentication information received in step S104 is the authentication information included in the network use service.
In step S <b> 106, the license management unit 22 of the total factor productivity measuring device 1 transmits a license permission to the user terminal device 2. The license permission is permission for the user terminal device 2 to access the all factor productivity measuring device 1 and use a service for measuring product productivity.

  In step S <b> 107, the user terminal device 2 transmits the analysis target data to the all factor productivity measuring device 1. Specifically, the user terminal device 2 transmits the output information 31 and the input amount information 32 measured by the sensor of the machine tool and stored in the equipment terminal device 3 to the all factor productivity measuring device 1. Instruct the facility terminal device 3. The equipment terminal device 3 transmits these pieces of information to the all factor productivity measuring device 1. Further, the user terminal device 2 transmits the sales unit price information 33 and the procurement unit price information 34 stored therein to the all factor productivity measuring device 1. The all factor productivity measuring device 1 receives these pieces of information.

In step S108, the productivity measuring unit 21 of the total factor productivity measuring apparatus 1 calculates the total factor productivity and creates a display screen. Details of this step will be described later.
In step S <b> 109, the productivity measuring unit 21 transmits a display screen to the user terminal device 2.
In step S110, the user terminal device 2 displays a screen. When this step is completed, the entire processing procedure is temporarily interrupted. In addition, the process of step S103-S110 may be repeated in the stage before the following step S111 is restarted.

In step S <b> 111, the license management unit 22 of the total factor productivity measuring device 1 transmits a license fee settlement instruction to the machine tool producer server 5. It is assumed that the timing at which the instruction is transmitted is determined in the network use service, for example, “every month end”. Then, the license management unit 22 resumes the entire processing procedure that has been suspended once each time the timing comes.
Note that the license management unit 22 also determines the amount of product productivity measurement service used by the user terminal device 2 during the period from the previous timing to the current timing (information processing time as a basis for charging, number of display screens, etc.). It shall be transmitted at the same time.

In step S <b> 112, the machine tool producer server 5 transmits a bill to the user terminal device 2. Specifically, the machine tool producer server 5 calculates an invoice amount according to a calculation formula determined in the network usage service according to the amount of product productivity measurement service, and an invoice containing the invoice amount. Send.
In step S <b> 113, the user terminal device 2 transmits a payment completion notification to the machine tool producer server 5. The payment completion notification is a notification that the billed amount has been deposited in the financial institution account in the name of the machine tool producer.

  In step S <b> 114, the machine tool producer server 5 transmits a settlement completion notice to the all factor productivity measuring device 1. The settlement completion notification is a notification that the machine tool producer server 5 has deposited the amount obtained by subtracting its own agency fee from the billed amount into the financial institution account in the name of the productivity measurement service provider. Thereafter, the entire processing procedure is terminated.

(Details of step S108)
A process in which the productivity measuring unit 21 of the total factor productivity measuring device 1 creates a display screen will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. Since there are seven types of display screens in the present embodiment, the details of step S108 will be described as case 1 to case 7 below. The productivity measuring unit 21 can execute any one of the seven cases singly or continuously any two or more in any order.

  The total factor productivity measuring device 1 is based on the “first calculation example of total factor productivity” in the following cases 1, 5, and 6, and in the following cases 2, 3, 4, and 7, This is based on “second calculation example of total factor productivity”.

(Case 1: Production factor composition ratio display screen 51 (see FIG. 5))
First, the productivity measuring unit 21 is configured so that the machine tool user can use the input device 42 of the user terminal device 2 to select an arbitrary product n, an arbitrary time t (for example, a past date), and an arbitrary Input of a period (for example, a past date as a start time and a past date as an end time) is accepted.
Secondly, the productivity measuring unit 21 uses the output information 31, the input information 32, the sales unit price information 33, and the procurement unit price information 34 for the received product n and the received time point t based on Equation 6 The total factor productivity of product n at time t is calculated. Then, a graph 511 is created. Note that the horizontal width of the production element m (“resource”, “energy”, “capital”, and “labor” in FIG. 5) in the graph 511 is “x _nmt p _mt / y _nt q _nt × 100 ( %) ”. The horizontal width of the total factor productivity is “a _nt / y _nt q _nt × 100 (%)”. In order to make the mathematical expression easy to see, the multiplication symbol “x” is omitted as long as there is no misunderstanding.

Thirdly, the productivity measuring unit 21 similarly calculates the total factor productivity of the product n at each time point t within the received period in time series. Then, a graph 512 is created.
Fourth, the productivity measurement unit 21 inputs the input of an arbitrary production factor (for example, “capital”), the input of another arbitrary production factor (for example, “labor”), and all the remaining productions. A coordinate space centered on the total amount of capital input (for example, “resource + energy”) is plotted in a time series within a period in which a sphere for product n is received (graph 513). The size (eg, diameter, volume, etc.) of the sphere is proportional to the value of y _nt p _nt . Further, the productivity measuring unit 21 arranges arrows between the spheres, which indicate the time relationship.
Note that the productivity measuring unit 21 may create a sphere 514 indicating the average value of all products in the graph 513.
Note that “A” of “product A” in FIG. 5 and the like is unrelated to “A” of “total element productivity vector A”.

(Case 2: Substitution effect display screen 52 (see FIG. 6))
First, the productivity measuring unit 21 accepts that a machine tool user inputs an arbitrary production factor m and an arbitrary period via the input device 42 of the user terminal device 2. As a premise that the machine tool user makes such an input, there is a fact that the input amount of the production factor m is decreased and the input amount of other production factors is increased.

  Secondly, the productivity measuring unit 21 divides the accepted period into a plurality of sections of equal length, and calculates the rate of change of the contribution of the production factor m (for example, “resource”) in the section. Now, assume that each section includes five time points t. Then, the productivity measuring unit 21 calculates the change rate of the contribution of the production factor m (for example, “resource”) five times for each section based on the equation (13). Then, the productivity measuring unit 21 averages the five values, and plots the average value for each section in time series to form a bar graph (graph 521). When one t is included in each section, it is not necessary to calculate an average value. In the following description, this is not limited to the rate of change of contribution, and the same applies to the rate of change of total factor productivity.

Thirdly, the productivity measuring unit 21 similarly calculates the rate of change of the contribution of all the production factors g other than the production factor m in the section. That is, the productivity measuring unit 21 calculates the change rate of the contribution of the production factor g for each section based on Equation 12, and forms a bar graph in time series (graph 522).
Fourthly, the productivity measuring unit 21 similarly calculates the rate of change in output in the section. That is, the productivity measuring unit 21 calculates the rate of change in output for each section based on the first term on the right side of Equation 7 (which may be graphed, but is not graphed in FIG. 6 for simplification). ).

Fifth, the productivity measuring unit 21 similarly calculates the change rate of the total factor productivity. That is, the productivity measuring unit 21 calculates the change rate of the total factor productivity for each section based on Equation 7 and forms a bar graph in time series (graph 523).
Sixth, the productivity measuring unit 21 plots any value that is separately available to be compared with the change in productivity in a time series and forms a line graph (graph 524). The arbitrary value here is a non-defective product ratio (quantity of good products / [quantity of good products + quantity of defective products] × 100 (%)). The produced product candidates are classified into good products or defective products at the time of acceptance. And only good products become official products. The vertical scale of the yield rate is the absolute value at that time (not the rate of change). The vertical scale of the yield rate indicates the difference from the reference value for the yield rate. That is, when the reference value is 80%, the non-defective product rate 82% at a certain point is plotted at the position where the scale on the vertical axis is “2%”.

  In FIG. 6 etc., the section indicated by the nth bar graph from the left is called the “nth section”. The “resource” here means production factors such as equipment, energy, capital, etc., which are usually input at an automated production site. The labor of the workers input as countermeasures against abnormalities is included in the “production factors other than resources”. Naturally, the contribution of production factors other than resources should not be significant in normal times.

  The number of defective products increased from the first section, and the product output decreased. From the third section, engineers repaired defective products as an emergency measure to minimize the decrease in output. At this time, the contribution of production factors other than resources has increased, and the contribution of resources has decreased. This is nothing but an alternative from the production element “resource” to a production element other than resources.

  As a result, resource contribution bottomed out in the second section. From the 4th section, process improvements were made as a permanent measure, and the yield rate increased. However, because the number of workers repairing defective products was not reduced, the contribution of production factors other than resources further increased. Therefore, the total factor productivity remains negative. In the 5th section and the 6th section, further improvement of the yield rate and personnel adjustment were made at the same time, so the total factor productivity turned positive.

The resource productivity is a value obtained by dividing the output (product of non-defective product quantity and product unit price: numerator) by resource (product of resource input and resource price: denominator). Therefore, the resource productivity increases or decreases at the same time as the yield rate. The rate of change in total factor productivity has risen to follow resource productivity. This indicates the following.
• First aid immediately increases the numerator while having little effect on the denominator. Therefore, resource productivity is increased in advance with only first aid.
・ On the other hand, total factor productivity does not increase or decrease simply by substituting resources for labor, but increases only after effective permanent measures exist.

(Case 3: Cumulative production unit productivity display screen 53 (see FIG. 7))
First, the productivity measuring unit 21 accepts that the machine tool user inputs an arbitrary product n and the cumulative production number v through the input device 42 of the user terminal device 2.

Secondly, the productivity measuring unit 21 divides the received cumulative production number v into a plurality of equal number of sections, and the rate of change of the contribution of the production factors input to produce the product n in the section. Is calculated for each production factor. The productivity measuring unit 21 calculates the change rate of the contribution of each production factor for each section based on Expression 13, and forms a bar graph in time series (graphs 532 to 534).
Thirdly, the productivity measuring unit 21 calculates the rate of change of output in each section based on the first term on the right side of Equation 7, and forms a time-series line graph (graph 535).

  Fourth, the productivity measuring unit 21 receives the output information 31 and the sales unit price information 33 for the received product n, and the input information 32 and the procurement unit price for the production elements that are input to produce the product n. Information 34 is acquired. Based on the acquired information and Equation 7, the rate of change in the total factor productivity of product n in each section from the production of the first product n to the production of the vth product is calculated. Then, they are plotted in time series to form a bar graph (graph 531). In case 3, unlike the case 2, the horizontal axis of the graph represents the cumulative production quantity. Therefore, bar graphs having the same width on the screen do not correspond to periods of the same length.

  In FIG. 7, when the cumulative production number exceeds 300 (after the fourth section), the rate of change in production of product A has started to decline (graph 535). In the mass production start-up stage (first section), the rate of change in total factor productivity is zero. In the first section, the mass production system starts up while confirming the quality and work procedure, and in the fourth section, the output peaks. In the fifth section and thereafter, demand decreases due to product maturation, and in the eighth section, total factor productivity decreases due to aging of equipment. Therefore, it can be seen that the rate of change in the total factor productivity becomes a positive value at an earlier stage by bringing the start-up period earlier, and profits can be generated over a longer period than the current situation.

(Case 4: Product portfolio contribution display screen 54 for all factor productivity (see FIG. 8))
First, the productivity measuring unit 21 accepts that a machine tool user inputs a plurality of arbitrary periods via the input device 42 of the user terminal device 2. Here, the following description will be continued on the assumption that “from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014” and “from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013” are input.

  Secondly, the productivity measuring unit 21 outputs output information 31 and sales unit price information 33 in 2014 for all products n, and input information 32 and procurement unit price information in 2014 for all production factors m. 34 is acquired. And based on the acquired information and Formula 7, the change rate of each total factor productivity of all the products n in 2014 is calculated.

Third, the productivity measuring unit 21 arranges the products n in descending order of the rate of change in the total factor productivity in 2014.
Fourth, the productivity measuring unit 21 calculates the output share of the product n in 2014 (“w _i ” in Formula 7 and Formula 9).

  Now, assume that there are four types of products produced in 2014, and these are arranged in the order of product A, product B, product C, and product D when they are arranged in descending order of the rate of change in total factor productivity. Furthermore, the output share of product A is “0.4”, the output share of product B is “0.3”, the output share of product C is “0.2”, and the output share of product D is It is assumed that it is “0.1”. Naturally, the sum of these output shares is "1.0".

  The cumulative output share in this order is the “cumulative output share value” (horizontal axis in FIG. 8). Specifically, the cumulative output share of product A is “0.4”. The cumulative output share of product B is “0.7 = 0.4 + 0.3”. The cumulative output share of product C is “0.9 = 0.4 + 0.3 + 0.2”. The output share cumulative value of the product D is “1.0 = 0.4 + 0.3 + 0.2 + 0.1”.

  Fifth, the productivity measuring unit 21 calculates “cumulative value of change rate of total factor productivity” (vertical axis in FIG. 8) for each of product A, product B, product C, and product D in 2014. calculate. The “cumulative value of change rate of total factor productivity” corresponding to the output share cumulative value “0.4” of product A is the rate of change of total factor productivity of product A. The “cumulative value of the change rate of all factor productivity” corresponding to the output share cumulative value “0.7” of the product B is a cumulative value of the change rate of the total factor productivity of the products A and B. The “cumulative value of change rate of all factor productivity” corresponding to the cumulative output share “0.9” of product C is the cumulative value of change rate of all factor productivity of product A, product B, and product C. . The “cumulative value of the change rate of all factor productivity” corresponding to the cumulative output share “1.0” of product D is the total of product A, product B, product C, and product D (that is, all types of products). This is the cumulative value of the rate of change in factor productivity.

Sixth, the productivity measuring unit 21 creates a coordinate plane having the “output share cumulative value” on the horizontal axis and the “cumulative value of change rate of all factor productivity” on the vertical axis. And the point which shows these products in the order of the product A, the product B, the product C, and the product D is plotted on a coordinate plane.
Seventh, the productivity measuring unit 21 sets the origin 541 and the rightmost point 542 among the plotted points (the point corresponding to the output share cumulative value “1” and corresponding to the product D). Connect with line segment 543. Then, an area surrounded by the line segment 543 and the plotted point locus 544 is highlighted.

  The productivity measuring unit 21 repeats the “second” to “seventh” processes for 2013. However, in the “seventh” for 2013, the region surrounded by the line segment 545 and the plotted point locus 546 is highlighted in a different manner so that the difference in each period can be understood.

  When the productivity measuring unit 21 performs such repeated processing, it can be observed on the screen every period that the sun rises from the horizon or sinks to the horizon. The greater the slope of the line segment 543 (the higher the upper right), the higher the rate of change in total factor productivity throughout the period. The closer the outline of the sun is to the horizon (the smaller the area of the region), the smaller the variation between products in the rate of change in total factor productivity during the period.

  In FIG. 8, the slope of the line segment 543 (2014) is larger than the slope of the line segment 545 (2013). The area surrounded by the line segment 543 and the locus 544 (2014) is smaller than the area surrounded by the line segment 545 and the locus 546 (2013). This indicates that from 2013 to 2014, the rate of change in total factor productivity increases and the variation in the rate of change in total factor productivity decreases between products. Furthermore, it can be seen that the effect of the measures for increasing the productivity of the product group located on the right side of the horizontal axis (the product group having a large reduction rate of the total factor productivity) is obtained. Now, ignoring the relationship with the product A, product B, product C, and product D described above, these product groups are products indicated by points 547a and 547b close to the scale “1” on the horizontal axis, Or it will include the product indicated by points 548a and 548b.

(Case 5: External environmental sensitivity display screen 55 (see FIG. 9))
First, the productivity measuring unit 21 accepts that a machine tool user inputs a plurality of arbitrary products n and a plurality of arbitrary production elements m via the input device 42 of the user terminal device 2. The following explanation will be continued on the assumption that the production factors accepted here are “resources” and “energy”. Since the unit price of resources and energy is uncontrollable for the producer, it can be said that the resource and energy are an “external environment” for the producer. Of course, other production factors (equipment of a specific brand, labor force employed in a specific area, etc.) may be input.

Second, the productivity measuring unit 21 acquires the input amount information 32 and the procurement unit price information 34 for all the production elements that are input in order to produce the received product n. Calculate “cost rate”. Here, an external cost ratio = _(x n p of "resources" and "energy" of the production factors) / _(x n p of all the production factors) × 100 (%).
Third, the productivity measuring unit 21 acquires the output information 31 and the sales unit price information 33 for each of the products n, and calculates the “output change rate” for each of the products n. Here, the calculation amount change rate = (y _nt q _nt −y _nt−1 q _nt−1 ) / (y _nt−1 q _nt−1 ) × 100 (%).

Fourth, the productivity measuring unit 21 calculates the size of a circle (for example, diameter, area, etc.) for each product n. The size of the circle is proportional to the value of output y _nt q _nt .
Fifth, the productivity measuring unit 21 plots a circle in a coordinate plane with the horizontal axis as the external cost rate and the vertical axis as the output change rate. Furthermore, a vertical line 551 indicating the average value of the external cost rate of all products and a horizontal line 552 indicating the average value of the output rate of change of all products are drawn.
The productivity measuring unit 21 repeats the second to fifth processes after continuously moving the time point t as 1, 2, 3,... Then, it can be observed for each product that the planets move irregularly on the coordinate plane in time series while changing the size (in FIG. 9, the circles of products other than “Product A” are omitted). did). In FIG. 9, the change at time t is indicated by a white arrow.

(Case 6: Technical progress bias display screen 56 (see FIG. 10))
First, the productivity measuring unit 21 accepts that a machine tool user inputs an arbitrary product n and an arbitrary period via the input device 42 of the user terminal device 2.
Secondly, the productivity measurement unit 21 divides the accepted period into a plurality of sections having an equal length, and calculates a bias of technological progress for the product n in the section. That is, the productivity measuring unit 21 calculates “(a _nt −a _nt−1 ) / a _nt−1 × 100 (%)” for each section, plots it in time series, and forms a line graph (graph 561). .

Third, the productivity measuring unit 21 similarly calculates the “bias” of the production factor m input for the product n. That is, when productivity measurement unit _21, the _{"r m (x nmt p mt} -x nmt-1 p mt-1) / x nmt-1 p mt-1 × 100 (%)", calculated for each section The graph is converted into a bar graph (graphs 562 to 564). Note that r _m = x _nmt p _mt / y _nt q _nt .

In FIG. 10, the scale on the vertical axis indicates the bias of each production factor with respect to the production (y _n q _n ) of the product n. The bias is either “use” indicating an increase in the input amount of the production factor or “saving” indicating a decrease in the input amount of the production factor. If there is a bar graph in the quadrant where the vertical axis takes a positive value, the input of the production factor m (x _nm p _nm ) has increased, and if there is a bar graph in the quadrant where the vertical axis takes a negative value, the production The input of element m (x _nm p _nm ) is decreasing. In FIG. 10, the downward direction in the figure is the positive direction of the vertical axis.

  In FIG. 10, the “resource” and “energy” biases as production factors are large in the rightmost section. If the unit price of “resources” and “energy” rises in such a state, profits tend to decrease compared to the case where these biases are small. Therefore, when the unit price of “resources” and “energy” is expected to increase, a measure for saving the input amount of “resources” and “energy” is effective.

(Case 7: Equipment age productivity display screen 57 (see FIG. 11))
First, the productivity measuring unit 21 accepts that the machine tool user inputs an arbitrary facility m among the production elements via the input device 42 of the user terminal device 2. Here, it is assumed that equipment m is input as a production factor. The auxiliary storage device 15 stores the facility age calculation time in association with each facility (not shown). The time when the equipment age is calculated may be, for example, the time when the equipment is first introduced (used), the time when the equipment is subjected to the latest maintenance, or the time when a sign indicating abnormality of the equipment is detected. . In addition, the period from the equipment age calculation time of the equipment m to the current time is also referred to as “diagnosis target period” hereinafter.

  Secondly, the productivity measuring unit 21 divides the diagnosis target period of any facility m received into a plurality of sections of equal length, and the change rate of the total factor productivity of all products in the section, The rate of change of contribution of all production factors m and the rate of change of output are calculated. Since the processing is almost the same as the content described in case 3 (FIG. 7), the details are omitted. However, in case 7, unlike the case 3, the horizontal axis of the graph indicates the equipment age. Therefore, the length of each section is the same, and in FIG. 11, it is 3 years (equipment age is 1-3 years old, 4-6 years old,...). However, the number of operations of the equipment m included in each section is not the same. For example, if the equipment was initially “run-in”, the number of operations was “100” in the first section (equipment age 1 to 3 years), and the next section (equipment age 4 to 6 years) In some cases, the number of operations is “200”.

  In FIG. 11, the rate of change in the total factor productivity (graph 571) is maximized when the equipment age exceeds 10 years when the depreciation of the equipment is completed. And since the equipment failure increases after the said time, the rate of change of production (graph 572) is decreasing gradually. Therefore, if the peak of the rate of change in production can be moved to an early period of less than 10 years, there is a possibility that the profit will increase more than the current situation. Further, when the equipment age exceeded 19 years, the change rate of the total factor productivity (graph 571) turned to a negative value. This indicates that the equipment should have been renewed at this time.

(Help function of the productivity measurement service provider)
In any case, in step S108 (FIG. 4), the productivity measuring unit 21 of the total factor productivity measuring device 1 displays the same screen as that displayed on the output device 43 of the user terminal device 2. It can be displayed on the output device 13 of the element productivity measuring device 1 at the same time. For example, a machine tool user may not be familiar with the concept of total factor productivity. Therefore, the machine tool user asks an unclear point on the display screen via the input device 42 (microphone, pointing device, etc.). Then, the productivity measurement service provider (the operator) answers the question via the input device 12 (microphone, pointing device, keyboard, etc.) while viewing the same screen with the output device 13.

  When the productivity measuring unit 21 displays the total factor productivity and the rate of change thereof, the input amount and rate of change of each production factor, etc. at the same time point or in the same section, points or figures indicating those values are displayed. Are displayed in the same vertical position or horizontal position. Therefore, these values can be easily compared.

  In the present embodiment, the total element productivity has been described as a value obtained from Equation 6 or Equation 7. However, this is only an example, and the total factor productivity may be a value obtained from Equation 2, for example. More generally, output and input as measured values for a formula that defines the relationship between measured product output, measured production factor input and adjustment factors (or adjustment terms). The adjustment factor (or adjustment term) obtained by substituting the quantity can be the total factor productivity. The output and input here may be a quantity or a product obtained by multiplying the quantity by a unit price.

(Measured value and predicted value)
The reform of the management viewpoint at the production site should be made not only to reflect on the past but also to the future. Therefore, the total factor productivity measuring device 1 may calculate the predicted values of the output and input by any method based on the measured output and input. Then, based on the calculated predicted value, the future all factor productivity may be calculated.

(Effect of embodiment)
The total element productivity measuring device of this embodiment has the following effects.
(1) The producer of the product can easily calculate and visualize the total factor productivity by using the measurement values usable at the production site as they are.
(2) The producer can easily compare the total factor productivity and the input amount of the production factor for each time point, and can easily see the time series change of the total factor productivity and the input amount of the production factor.
(3) The producer can easily visually check alternative evaluations between production factors in time series.
(4) The producer can visually check the change rate of the total factor productivity in the series of the cumulative production number of products.
(5) The producer can easily visually recognize the variation in the total factor productivity between products in a plurality of periods.
(6) The producer can easily visually recognize, for example, a product that is easily affected by the external environment and a point at which the product is easily affected.
(7) The producer can easily visually check how the production elements are used (saved) for each production element and in time series.
(8) The producer can easily visually check when the equipment is updated.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to an above-described Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.

Each of the above-described configurations, functions, processing units, processing means, and the like may be realized by hardware by designing a part or all of them with, for example, an integrated circuit. Each of the above-described configurations, functions, and the like may be realized by software by interpreting and executing a program that realizes each function by the processor. Information such as programs, tables, and files that realize each function can be stored in a recording device such as a memory, a hard disk, or an SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as an IC card, an SD card, or a DVD.
In addition, the control lines and information lines are those that are considered necessary for the explanation, and not all the control lines and information lines on the product are necessarily shown. In practice, it may be considered that almost all the components are connected to each other.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Total factor productivity measuring device 2 User terminal device 3 Equipment terminal device 4 Network 11, 41 Central control device (control part)
12, 42 Input device 13, 43 Output device 14, 44 Main storage device 15, 45 Auxiliary storage device 16, 46 Communication device 21 Productivity measurement unit 22 License management unit 31 Output information 32 Input information 33 Sales unit price information 34 Procurement Unit price information 35 Total factor productivity information 51 Production factor composition ratio display screen 52 Substitution effect display screen 53 Cumulative production unit productivity display screen 54 Contribution display screen for contribution to all factor productivity of product portfolio 55 External environment sensitivity display screen 56 Technical progress Bias display screen 57 Equipment age productivity display screen

Claims (10)

Receiving from the terminal device the input of production factors measured synchronously and the output of products produced using the production factors;
By substituting the received input of the production factor and the output of the received product into a calculation formula that defines the relationship between the input of the production factor, the output of the product, and the total factor productivity. Calculate elemental productivity,
A controller for displaying the calculated total factor productivity on a screen;
Total element productivity measuring device characterized by The controller is
Displaying the total factor productivity, the input amount of the production factor, and the output amount of the product in a time-sequential state in a mutually comparable state;
The total element productivity measuring device according to claim 1. The controller is
Among the production factors, the change rate of the contribution of the production factor whose input is reduced, the change rate of the contribution of the production factor whose input is increased among the production factors, and the change rate of the total factor productivity are mutually Display in a chronological order and in a comparable state,
The total element productivity measuring device according to claim 2, wherein: The controller is
Displaying the rate of change of the total factor productivity and the rate of change of the contribution of the production factor in a state in which they can be compared with each other and in a series of the cumulative production number of the product;
The total element productivity measuring device according to claim 3. The controller is
Calculate the ratio of the output of a given product among the products to the output of all products in a given period as the output share,
Rearranging the predetermined products in descending order of the change rate of the total factor productivity in the period,
For each predetermined product, calculate the output share cumulative value obtained by accumulating the output share in the sorted order,
In a coordinate plane having an axis indicating the output share cumulative value, and an axis indicating a value obtained by accumulating the rate of change of the total factor productivity of the product corresponding to the output share cumulative value, a point is set for each predetermined product. Plot and
The origin of the coordinate plane and the point corresponding to the rearranged last predetermined product are connected by a line segment, and an area surrounded by the line segment and the locus of the plot is highlighted for each predetermined period. about,
The total element productivity measuring device according to claim 4. In a coordinate plane having an axis indicating the ratio of the input amount of any production element to the input amount of all the production elements, and an axis indicating the rate of change of the output amount of the product,
Plot a figure showing the size of the output of the product for each product,
Moving the plotted figure in time series for each product and displaying it on the screen;
The total element productivity measuring device according to claim 5. The bias of the input amount of the production factor is divided into positive and negative quadrants in a time series that can be compared with each other, and is displayed on the screen.
The total element productivity measuring device according to claim 6. The time series is
A time series starting from the time when the production factor is first introduced;
The total element productivity measuring device according to claim 7. The control unit
Receiving from the terminal device the input of production factors measured synchronously and the output of products produced using the production factors;
By substituting the received input of the production factor and the output of the received product into a calculation formula that defines the relationship between the input of the production factor, the output of the product, and the total factor productivity. Calculate elemental productivity,
Displaying the calculated total factor productivity on the screen;
A total element productivity measuring method of an all element productivity measuring apparatus including the control unit. For the control part of the all factor productivity measuring device
Receiving from the terminal device the input of production factors measured synchronously and the output of products produced using the production factors;
By substituting the received input of the production factor and the output of the received product into a calculation formula that defines the relationship between the input of the production factor, the output of the product, and the total factor productivity. Calculate elemental productivity,
Executing a process for displaying the calculated total factor productivity on a screen;
Total factor productivity measurement program characterized by

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