JP6542216B2 - デオキシシチジンキナーゼ阻害因子 - Google Patents
デオキシシチジンキナーゼ阻害因子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6542216B2 JP6542216B2 JP2016534818A JP2016534818A JP6542216B2 JP 6542216 B2 JP6542216 B2 JP 6542216B2 JP 2016534818 A JP2016534818 A JP 2016534818A JP 2016534818 A JP2016534818 A JP 2016534818A JP 6542216 B2 JP6542216 B2 JP 6542216B2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
本出願は、2013年,8月13日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/865,468号の利益を主張し、すべての目的において、その全体が、参照によって援用される。
本発明は、米国国立保健研究所によって授与された認可番号第CA086306号、第R01 EB013685号において、政府支援の下でなされた。米国政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
(A)オキソ、ハロゲン、−CF3、−CN、−OH、−NH2、−COOH、−CONH2、−NO2、−SH、−SO2Cl、−SO3H、−SO4H、−SO2NH2、−NHNH2、−ONH2、−NHC=(O)NHNH2、−NHC=(O)NH2、−NHSO2H、−NHC=(O)H、−NHC(O)−OH、−NHOH、−OCF3、−OCHF2、非置換アルキル基、非置換ヘテロアルキル基、非置換シクロアルキル基、非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル、非置換アリール基、非置換ヘテロアリール基、及び
(B)以下から選択される少なくとも1つの置換基と置換されるアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール及びヘテロアリールであって、
(i)オキソ、ハロゲン、−CF3、−CN、−OH、−NH2、−COOH、−CONH2、−NO2、−SH、−SO2Cl、−SO3H、−SO4H、−SO2NH2、−NHNH2、−ONH2、−NHC=(O)NHNH2、−NHC=(O)NH2、−NHSO2H、−NHC=(O)H、−NHC(O)−OH、−NHOH、−OCF3、−OCHF2、非置換アルキル基、非置換ヘテロアルキル基、非置換シクロアルキル基、非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、非置換アリール基、非置換ヘテロアリール基、及び
(ii)以下から選択される少なくとも1つの置換基で置換されるアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール及びヘテロアリール:
(a)オキソ、ハロゲン、−CF3、−CN、−OH、−NH2、−COOH、−CONH2、−NO2、−SH、−SO2Cl、−SO3H、−SO4H、−SO2NH2、−NHNH2、−ONH2、−NHC=(O)NHNH2、−NHC=(O)NH2、−NHSO2H、−NHC=(O)H、−NHC(O)−OH、−NHOH、−OCF3、−OCHF2、非置換アルキル基、非置換ヘテロアルキル基、非置換シクロアルキル基、非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、非置換アリール基、非置換ヘテロアリール基、及び
(b)以下から選択される少なくとも1つの置換基と置換されるアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリールまたはヘテロアリール、オキソ、ハロゲン、−CF3、−CN、−OH、−NH2、−COOH、−CONH2、−NO2、−SH、−SO2Cl、−SO3H、−SO4H、−SO2NH2、−NHNH2、−ONH2、−NHC=(O)NHNH2、−NHC=(O)NH2、−NHSO2H、−NHC=(O)H、−NHC(O)−OH、−NHOH、−OCF3、−OCHF2、非置換アルキル基、非置換ヘテロアルキル基、非置換シクロアルキル基、非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、非置換アリール基及び非置換ヘテロアリール基。
asフェネシルタンパク質トランスフェラーゼ阻害剤;ras阻害剤;rasGAP阻害剤;脱メチル化レテリプチン;レニウムRe 186エチドロン酸;リゾキシン;リボザイム;RIIレチンアミド;ログレチミド;ロヒツキン(rohitukine);ロムルチド;ロキニメクス;ルビギノンBl;ルボキシル;サフィンゴール;サイントピン;SarCNU;サルコフィトールA;サルグラモスチム;Sdi1模倣物;セムスチン;老化由来阻害剤1;センスオリゴヌクレオチド;シグナル伝達阻害剤;シグナル伝達モジュレーター;単鎖抗原結合性タンパク質;シゾフィラン;ソブゾキサン;ナトリウムボロカプタート(sodium borocaptate);フェニル酢酸ナトリウム;ソルベロール(solverol);ソマトメジン結合タンパク質;ソネルミン(sonermin);スパルホス酸;スピカマイシンD;スピロムスチン;スピロムスチン;スポンギスタチン1;スクアラミン;幹細胞阻害剤;幹細胞分裂阻害剤;スチピアミド;ストロメライシン阻害剤;スルフィノシン(sulfinosine);スーパーアクティブ(superactive)血管作用性腸管ペプチドアンタゴニスト;スラジスタ(suradista);スラミン;スワインソニン;合成グリコサミノグリカン;タリムスチン;タモキシフェンmethiodide;タウロムスチン;タザロテン;テコガランナトリウム;テガフル;テルラピリリウム(tellurapyrylium);テロメレース阻害剤;テモポルフィン;テモゾロマイド;テニポシド;テトラクロロデカオキシド(tetrachlorodecaoxide);テトラゾミン;タリブラスチン;チオコラリン;トロンボポエチン;トロンボポイエチン模倣物;チマルファシン;サイモポイエチン受容体アゴニスト;チモトリナン;甲状腺刺激ホルモン;スズエチルエチオプルプリン(tin ethyl etiopurpurin);チラパザミン;チタノセンジクロリド(titanocene dichloride);トポテカン;トレミフェン;全能性幹細胞因子;翻訳阻害剤;トレチノイン;トリアセチルウリジン;トリシリビン;トリメトレキセート;トリプトレリン;トロピセトロン;ツロステリド;チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;チルホスチン;UBC阻害剤;ウベニメクス;尿生殖洞由来成長阻害因子;ウロキナーゼ受容体アンタゴニスト;バプレオチド;バリオリンB;ベクター系(赤血球遺伝子療法);ベラレソール;ベラミン(veramine);ベルジン(verdin);ベルテポルフィン;ビノレルビン;ビンキサルチン(vinxaltine);ビタキシン(vitaxin);ボロゾール;ザノテロン;ゼニプラチン;ジラスコルブ;ジノスタチンスチマラマー、Adriamycin、Dactinomycin、Bleomycin、Vinblastine、Cisplatin、アシビシン;アクラルビシン;塩酸アコダゾール;アクロニン;アドゼレシン;アルデスロイキン;アルトレタミン;アムボマイシン(Ambomycin);酢酸アメタントロン;アミノグルテチミド;アムサクリン;アナストロゾール;アントラマイシン;アスパラギナーゼ;アスペルリン;アザシチジン;アゼテパ;アゾトマイシン;バチマスタット;ベンゾデパ;ビカルタミド;塩酸ビサントレン;ビスナフィドジメシラート;ビゼレシン;硫酸ブレオマイシン;ブレキナルナトリウム;ブロピリミン;ブスルファン;カクチノマイシン;calusterone;カラセミド;カルベチマー;カルボプラチン;カルムスチン;カルビシン塩酸塩カルゼレシン;セデフィンゴール;クロラムブシル;シロレマイシン;クラドリビン;クリスナトールメシラート;シクロホスファミド;シタラビン;ダカルバジン;ダウノルビシン塩酸塩;デシタビン;デキソルマプラチン;デザグアニン;デザグアニンメシラート;ジアジクォン;ドキソルビシン;ドキソルビシン塩酸塩;ドロロキシフェン;ドロロキシフェンシトラート;ドロモスタノロンプロピオナート;ダウゾマイシン;エダトレキサート;エフロルニチン塩酸塩;エルサミトルシン;エンロプラチン;エンプロマート;エピプロピジン;エピルビシン塩酸塩;エルブロゾール;エソルビシン塩酸塩;エストラムスチン;エストラムスチンリン酸ナトリウム;エタニダゾール;エトポシド;エトポシドリン酸塩;エトプリン;ファドロゾール塩酸塩;ファザラビン;フェンレチニド;フロクスウリジン;フルダラビンリン酸塩;フルオロウラシル;フルロシタビン;ホスキドン;ホストリエシンナトリウム;ゲムシタビン;ゲムシタビン塩酸塩;ヒドロキシウレア;イダルビシン塩酸塩;イホスファミド;イルモホシン;インターロイキンII(組換えインターロイキンII(すなわち、rIL2)を含む);インターフェロンα−2b;インターフェロンα−n1;インターフェロンα−n3;インターフェロンβ1a;インターフェロンγ−1b;イプロプラチン;イリノテカン塩酸塩;ランレオチドアセテート;レトロゾール;ロイプロリドアセタート;リアロゾール塩酸塩;ロメトレキソールナトリウム;ロムスチン;ロソキサントロン塩酸塩;マソプロコール;マイタンシン;メクロレタミン塩酸塩;メクロレタミン塩酸塩;メレンゲストロールアセタート;メルファラン;メノガリル;メルカプトプリン;メトトレキサート;メトトレキサートナトリウム;メトプリン;メツレデパ;ミチンドミド;ミトカルシン;ミトクロミン;ミトギリン;ミトマルシン;マイトマイシン;ミトスペル;ミトタン;ミトキサントロン塩酸塩;ミコフェノール酸;ノコダゾール;ノガラマイシン;オルマプラチン;オキシスラン;ペガスパルガーゼ;ペリオマイシン;ペンタムスチン;ペプロマイシン硫酸塩;ペルホスファミド;ピポブロマン;ピポスルファン;ピロキサントロン塩酸塩;プリカマイシン;プロメスタン;ポルフィマーナトリウム;ポルフィロマイシン;プレドニムスチン;プロカルバジン塩酸塩;ピューロマイシン;ピューロマイシン塩酸塩;ピラゾフリン;リボプリン;ログレチミド;サフィンゴール;サフィンゴール塩酸塩;セムスチン;シムトラゼン;スパルホサートナトリウム;スパルソマイシン;スピロゲルマニウム塩酸塩;スピロムスチン;スピロプラチン;ストレプトニグリン;ストレプトゾシン;スロフェヌル;タリソマイシン;テコガランナトリウム;テガフル;トロキサントロン塩酸塩;テモポルフィン;テニポシド;テロキシロン;テストラクトン;チアミプリン;チオグアニン;チオテパ;チアゾフリン;チラパザミン;クエン酸トレミフェン;トレミフェンシトラート;トリシリビンリン酸塩;トリメトレキセート;トリメトレキサートグルクロナート;トリプトレリン;ツブロゾール塩酸塩;ウラシルマスタード;ウレデパ;バプレオチド;ベルテポルフィン;ビンブラスチン硫酸塩;ビンクリスチン硫酸塩;ビンデシン;ビンデシン硫酸塩;ビネピジン硫酸塩;ビングリシナート硫酸塩;ビンロイロシン硫酸塩;ビノレルビンタルタラート;ビンロシジン硫酸塩;ビンゾリジン硫酸塩;ボロゾール;ゼニプラチン;ジノスタチン;ゾルビシン塩酸塩;G2期〜M期において細胞を停止させる及び/または微小管の形成または安定化を調節する薬剤としては、エルブロゾール(すなわち、R−55104);ドラスタチン10(すなわち、DLS−10及びNSC−376128);イセチオン酸ミボブリン(CI−980として);ビンクリスチン;NSC−639829;ジスコデルモリド(すなわち、NVP−XX−A−296として)、ABT−751(アボット(Abbot)すなわち、E−7010);アルトリルチン(Altorhyrtin)(アルトリルチンA及びアルトリルチンCなど);スポンギスタチン(例えば、スポンギスタチン1、スポンギスタチン2、スポンギスタチン3、スポンギスタチン4、スポンギスタチン5、スポンギスタチン6、スポンギスタチン7、スポンギスタチン8、スポンギスタチン9など);セマドチン塩酸塩(すなわち、LU−103793及びNSC−D−669356);エポチロン類(例えば、エポチロンA、エポチロンB、エポチロンC(すなわち、デスオキシエポチロンAまたはdEpoA)、エポチロンD(すなわち、KOS−862、dEpoB及びデスオキシエポチロンB)、エポチロンE、エポチロンF、エポチロンB N−オキシド、エポチロンA N−オキシド、16−アザエポチロンB、21−アミノエポチロンB(すなわち、BMS−310705)、21−ヒドロキシエポチロンD(すなわち、デスオキシエポチロンFまたはdEpoF)、26−フルオロエポチロン、オーリスタチンPE(すなわち、NSC−654663)、ソブリドチン(すなわち、TZT−1027)、LS−4559−P(Pharmacia、すなわち、LS−4577)、LS−4578(Pharmacia、すなわち、LS−477−P)、LS−4477(Pharmacia)、LS−4559(Pharmacia)、RPR−112378(Aventis)、ビンクリスチン硫酸塩、DZ−3358(Daiichi)、FR−182877(Fujisawa、すなわち、WS−9885B)、GS−164(Takeda)、GS−198(Takeda)、KAR−2(ハンガリー科学アカデミー)、BSF−223651(BASF、すなわち、ILX−651及びLU−223651)、SAH−49960(Lilly/Novartis)、SDZ−268970(Lilly/Novartis)、AM−97(Armad/Kyowa Hakko)、AM−132(Armad)、AM−138(Armad/Kyowa Hakko)、IDN−5005(Indena)、クリプトフィシン52(すなわち、LY−355703)、AC−7739(Ajinomoto、すなわち、AVE−8063A及びCS−39.HCl)、AC−7700(Ajinomoto、すなわち、AVE−8062、AVE−8062A、CS−39−L−Ser.HCl及びRPR−258062A)、ビチレブアミド、ツブリシンA、カナデンソール、センタウレイジン(すなわち、NSC−106969)、T−138067(Tularik、すなわち、T−67、TL−138067及びTI−138067)、COBRA−1(Parker Hughes Institute、すなわち、DDE−261及びWHI−261)、H10((Kansas State University)、H16((Kansas State University)、オンコシジンA1(すなわち、BTO−956及びDIME(Kansas State University)、DDE−313(Parker Hughes Institute)、フィジアノリドB、ラウリマリド、SPA−2(Parker Hughes Institute)、SPA−1(Parker Hughes Institute、すなわち、SPIKET−P)、3−IAABU(Cytoskelton/Mt. Sinai School of Medicine、すなわち、MF−569)、ナルコシン(NSC−5366としても公知)、ナスカピン、D−24851(Asta Medica)、A−105972(Abbott)、ヘミアステルリン、3−BAABU(Cytoskelton/Mt. Sinai School of Medicine、すなわち、MF−191)、TMPN(Arizona State University)、バナドセンアセチルアセトナート、T−138026(Tularik)、モンサトロール、イナノシン(すなわち、NSC−698666)、3−IAABE(Cytoskelton/Mt. Sinai School of Medicine)、A−204197(Abbott)、T−607(Tularik、すなわち、T−900607)、RPR−115781(Aventis)、エロイテロビン類(例えば、デスメチルエロイテロビン、デスアセチルエロイテロビン、イソエロイテロビンA及びZ−エロイテロビンなど)、カリバエ
オシド、カリバエオリン、ハリコンドリンB、D−64131(Asta Medica)、D−68144(Asta Medica)、ジアゾナミドA、A−293620(Abbott)、NPI−2350(Nereus)、タッカロノリドA、TUB−245(Aventis)、A−259754(Abbott)、ジオゾスタチン、(−)−フェニルアヒスチン(すなわち、NSCL−96F037)、D−68838(Asta Medica)、D−68836(Asta Medica)、ミオセベリンB、D−43411(Zentaris、すなわち、D−81862)、A−289099(Abbott)、A−318315(Abbott)、HTI−286(すなわち、SPA−110、トリフルオロ酢酸塩)(Wyeth)、D−82317(Zentaris)、D−82313(Zentaris)、SC−12983(NCI)、レスベラスタチンリン酸ナトリウム、BPR−0Y−007(National Health Research Institutes)、及びSSR−250411(Sanofi)が挙げられる。ステロイド(例えば、dexamethasone)、フィナステリド、アロマターゼ阻害剤、ゴナドトロピン放出ホルモンアゴニスト(GnRH)(例えばゴセレリン、またはロイプロリド)副腎皮質ステロイド(例えば、プレドニゾン)、プロゲスチン(例えば、カプロン酸ヒドロキシプロゲステロン、酢酸メゲストロール、酢酸メドロキシプロゲステロン)、エストロゲン(例えば、エチルスチルベストロール(diethlystilbestrol)、エチニルエストラジオール)、抗エストロゲン剤(例えばタモキシフェン)、アンドロゲン(例えばテストステロンプロピオナート、フルオキシメステロン)、抗男性ホルモン例えばフルタミド)、免疫賦活薬(例えば、Bacillus Calmette−Guerin(BCG)、レバミゾール、インターロイキン2、α−インターフェロンなど)、モノクローナル抗体(例えば、抗CD20、抗HER2、抗CD52、抗HLA−DR、及び、抗VEGFモノクローナル抗体)、免疫毒素((例えば、抗CDモノクローナル抗体−カリケアマイシン抱合体、抗CDモノクローナル抗体−シュードモナス外毒素抱合体など)、放射免疫療法(例えば、111In、90Yまたは131Iなどに抱合した抗体CD20モノクローナル抗体)、トリプトリド、ホモハリングトニン(homoharringtonine)、ダクチノマイシン、ドキソルビシン、エピルビシン、トポテカン、イトラコナゾール、ビンデシン、セリバスタチン、ビンクリスチン、デオキシアデノシン、セルトラリン、ピタバスタチン、イリノテカン、クロファジミン、5−ノニルオキシトリプタミン、ベムラフェニブ、ダブラフェニブ、エルロチニブ、ゲフィチニブ、EGFR阻害剤、上皮成長因子レセプター(EGFR)−標的治療または治療法(例えば、ゲフィチニブ(商品名)、エルロチニブ(タルセバ(商品名))、セツキシマブ(Erbitux(商品名))、ラパチニブ(Tykerb(商品名))、パニツムマブ(Vectibix(商品名))、バンデタニブ(Caprelsa(商品名))、アファチニブ/BIBW2992、CI−1033/カネルチニブ、ネラチニブ/HKI−272、CP−724714、TAK−285、AST−1306、ARRY334543、ARRY−380、AG−1478、ダコミチニブ/PF299804、OSI−420/デスメチルエルロチニブ、AZD8931、AEE788、ペリチニブ/EKB−569、CUDC−101、WZ8040、WZ4002、WZ3146、AG−490、XL647、PD153035、BMS−599626)、ソラフェニブ、イマチニブ、スニチニブ、ダサチニブなど。
G1BはH、−OH、−NH2、−OCH3、F、Cl、
G8AはH、−OH、−NH2、−OCH3、−OCF3、F、Cl、N3、−NHCH2C6H4NO2、−NHCH2C6H4F、NHCH2C6H4NO2、−NHCH2C6H4F
G8BはH、−OH、−NH2、−OCH3、F、Cl、
本明細書においては、医薬製剤も提供される。一態様は、本明細書に記載の化合物及び薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤を含む医薬組成物である。
医薬組成物は調製され、投与され得る。多種多様の投与形態で投与され得る。したがって、記述された化合物は、経口投与、直腸投与(例えば、静脈内、筋肉内、皮内、皮下、十二指腸内または腹腔内)注入によって投与され得る。
医薬組成物は、治療的有効量、すなわち、その使用目的を達成するために有効な量の活性成分が含まれる組成物を含み得る。特定用途に有効な実際の量は、とりわけ、治療対象の状態に依存することになる。
特定の化合物の毒性と治療的効果の比率は、その治療指数であり、LD50(集団の50%が致死する化合物の量)とED50(集団の50%が有効な量)との比率として示し得る。高治療指数を示す化合物が好ましい。細胞培養アッセイ及び/または動物試験から得られた治療指数データは、ヒト用の用量の範囲での配合に使用され得る。こうした化合物の用量は、毒性をほどんどまたはまったく有さないED50を伴う血漿濃度の範囲内である。この用量は、使用される投与形態及び利用される投与経路に依存してこの範囲内で変動し得る。例えば、Fingl et al.,In:The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,Ch.1,p.l,1975を参照されたい。正確な配合物、投与経路及び用量は、患者の状態及び化合物が使用される特定の方法の観点からそれぞれの医師が選択することができる。
本明細書に提示する方法は、デオキシシチジンキナーゼの阻害方法である。一態様では、本方法は、デオキシシチジンキナーゼと本明細書に記載の有効量の化合物とを接触させて、これによってデオキシシチジンキナーゼを阻害することを含む。接触させることは、インビトロで実施され得る。接触させることは、インビボで実施され得る。
本明細書において更に提供されるものは、疾患の治療をその必要のある対象において行う方法である。一態様では、有効量の本明細書に記載の化合物を対象に投与することによる、癌の治療を、それを必要とする対象において行う方法である。
態様の対応において、本明細書に提供されるのは、疾患の治療の組成物及び方法である。次の定義及び実施形態は、式(pI)、本項(すなわち、V項)の化合物、及び以下に列挙される実施形態P1〜P25のみに適用される。
本項の別の態様では、本明細書に提供される化合物はデオキシシチジンキナーゼポリペプチドに結合し、その活性を阻害する。したがって、本項には、dCK活性の阻害方法並びにdCK活性が関与している疾患及び障害の処置方法が提供される。
本項では、本明細書に記載のPETプローブを生体物質に接触させることと、PETイメージングを用いて、生体物質中の化合物の局所濃度を決定することと、化合物の局所濃度を局所免疫応答または新生物組織の存在と相関させることとを含むイメージング方法を提供する。本項のいくつかの実施形態では、化合物と生体物質とを接触させることには、任意の量の化合物を動物またはヒトに投与することと、動物またはヒト中の化合物の局所濃度を動物またはヒトにおける局所免疫応答または新生物組織と相関させることとを含む。本項のいくつかの実施形態では、本方法は、化合物の局所濃度を使用して癌を診断することかつ/または癌治療を監視すること更に含む。本項のいくつかの実施形態では、動物またはヒトは、癌、自己免疫疾患、発育障害、ウイルス感染、細菌感染、寄生虫感染、感染、代謝性疾患及び炎症からなる群から選択される状態を有する。本項のいくつかの実施形態では、動物またはヒトは、リンパ節症、黒色腫、白血病及びグリオームからなる群から選択される状態を有する。本項のいくつかの実施形態では、動物またはヒトは、関節リウマチ、炎症性腸疾患、実験的自己免疫性脳脊髄炎(EAE)、多発性硬化症、I型糖尿病及びアテローム性動脈硬化症からなる群から選択される状態を有する。本項のいくつかの実施形態では、動物またはヒトは、癌免疫療法、免疫療法、インターフェロン療法、ワクチン接種、放射線治療、化学療法及び抗生物質療法からなる群から選択される療法を受ける。本項のいくつかの実施形態では、化合物を生体物質に接触することは、任意の量の化合物を動物またはヒトに投与することと、例えば、リンパ節または脾臓など、器官またはリンパ系の一部に異常な活性を有する動物またはヒト中の化合物の局所濃度を相関させることとを含む。本項の方法の1つの変化形態では、本方法は、化合物の局所濃度とリンパ腫病変または悪性リンパ様疾患と相関させることを更に含む。本項のいくつかの実施形態では、局所免疫応答は、活性化されたTリンパ球が累積したものである。本項の方法の1つの変化形態では、本方法は、活性化Tリンパ球は、非活性化Tリンパ球よりも1個の細胞当たりの化合物をより多く吸収する。
a 規定された位置の「コールド」フッ素19原子を本明細書で詳細に述べたPETプローブの化合物に取り込むステップと、
b 「コールド」フッ素19原子を「ホット」フッ素18原子に置き換えるステップと、
c ステップ(b)の化合物を哺乳類へ投与するステップと、
d PETイメージングにより、哺乳類の体内全体のステップ(b)の化合物を検出する及び/または定量するステップとを含む。
e PETデータを用いて、インビボ薬物体内分布の動態モデルを構築するステップと、
f ステップ(a)から(e)を繰り返して、PETイメージングによって特定された、マウス及び/またはヒトにおいて好ましくない体内分布を有する化合物のPKを更に変更し、改善するステップとを更に含む。
1.実施例1
デオキシシチジンキナーゼ(dCK)は、ホスホリルドナーとしてATPまたはUTPのいずれかを用いて、デオキシシチジン、デオキシアデノシン、及びデオキシグアノシンをリン酸化してその一リン酸形態にすることができるデオキシリボヌクレオシドキナーゼである。1dCKによるリン酸化は、サルベージデオキシシチジンのdCTPへ、ある細胞型ではdTTPへの転換を担う生化学的経路における律速ステップであり、これによりDNAポリメラーゼの基質とする。dNTPを産生する生理学的役割とは別に、dCKは、抗癌剤において幅広く使用される複数のヌクレオシド類似体プロドラッグ(「nucs」)の活性化において重要な役割を担う。2近年では、dCKはリンパ液及び赤血球系始原細胞中での造血中に同定された。同キナーゼは癌細胞中のDNA損傷に応答したG2/M移行期の調節にも関連づけられている。6さらに近年では、デノボ合成経路のヌクレオチドの摂動と合わせてdCK活動の一部阻害は、合成する上で、急性リンパ性白血病細胞にとって致死的であるが、正常な造血細胞にとっては致死的とならないことがわかった。7これらのdCKの生物学の態様及び癌における新規治療標的としてのその潜在的役割により、その酵素活性の小分子阻害物質の発現が促された。
3−エトキシ−4−ヒドロキシベンゾチオアミド(B)。3−エトキシ−4−ヒドロキシベンゾニトリルA(2.50g、15.3mmol)/トリエチルアミン(35mL)/トリエチルアミン(2.5mL)の混合物に硫化アンモニウム溶液(H2O中20重量%、15.65mL、46.0mmol)を添加した。この混合物を18時間、60℃で攪拌した。反応混合物を冷却し、真空中で濃縮し、残留溶媒を除去した。得られた残留物をブラインで洗浄し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機層を無水Na2SO4で乾燥させて、減圧濃縮し、フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーによりシリカゲルで精製(3:1 エチルアセテート:ヘキサン)し、黄色固体のB(2.56g、13.0mmol、85%)を得た。1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.68 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (br s, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J = 8.5, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (br s, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.03 (s, 1H), 4.21 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.47 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, アセトン−d6) δ 200.5, 150.3, 145.8, 131.0, 121.0, 114.0, 112.6, 64.3, 14.1。
3−ヒドロキシ−4−メトキシベンゾチオアミド(B)。ピリジン(30mL)及びトリエチルアミン(3mL)中の3−ヒドロキシ−4−メトキシ−ベンゾニトリルA(3.00g、20.11mmol)の混合物に硫化アンモニウム溶液(H2O中20重量%、20.7mL、60.3mmol)を加えた。この混合物を18時間、60℃で攪拌した。反応混合物を冷却し、減圧濃縮し、残留溶媒を除去した。得られた残留物をブラインで洗浄し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機層を無水Na2SO4で乾燥させて、減圧濃縮し、フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーによりシリカゲルで精製(3:1 エチルアセテート:ヘキサン)し、黄色固体のB(3.13g、17.1mmol、85%)を得た。1H NMR (500 MHz, アセトン−d6) δ 8.77 (br s, 1H), 8.65 (br s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J = 8.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, アセトン−d6) δ 200.7, 150.5, 145.7, 132.4, 119.5, 114.8, 110.2, 55.5。
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哺乳類細胞は、DNAの複製及び修復のためのデオキシリボヌクレオチド三リン酸の産生及び維持(dNTP)の2つの主要経路であるde novo経路及びヌクレオシドサルベージ経路に依存する。1de novo経路では、グルコース及びアミノ酸からdNTPを産生する。ヌクレオシドサルベージ経路は、あらかじめ形成された細胞外環境に存在するデオキシリボヌクレオシドからdNTPを産生する1。細胞基質デオキシリボヌクレオシドサルベージ経路中の第1の酵素ステップは、デオキシシチジンキナーゼ(dCK)及びチミジンキナーゼ1(Tk)によって触媒される。2dCKは、デオキシシチジン(dC)、デオキシグアノシン(dG)及びデオキシアデノシン(dA)の5’−リン酸化をdCに対して最も高い親和性を示すそれらの一リン酸形態に触媒する3。一リン酸デオキシリボヌクレオチドは、その後、他のキナーゼによってそれらの対応する二リン酸形態及び三リン酸形態にリン酸化される4,5。dCK及びTK1は、リンパ前駆細胞及び赤血球前駆細胞中のdNTPの生合成を調整することによって、造血中において重要な役割を担うことを示した6,7。ヌクレオチド代謝におけるその生理学的役割に加えて、dCKは、いくつかの臨床上重要な抗ウイルス及び抗癌ヌクレオシド類似体プロドラッグ(例えば、ゲムシタビン、デシタビン、フルダラビン、シタラビン、クロファラビン)をリン酸化し、これらのプロドラッグの活性化には、dCKによるリン酸化が決定的に必要とされる8。近年、dCKは、DNA損傷への応答において、癌細胞でのG2/Mチェックポイントの調節に関連づけられた。9造血及び癌中でのdCKの役割が、このキナーゼの小分子阻害物質の発現への関心事となる。こうしたdCK阻害物質から、悪性疾患及び免疫不全の新規治療薬が提示され得る。知る限りでは、報告されているdCK阻害物質はほとんどなく10,11,12、1つのみが13インビボにおいてdCK活性を阻害することを示した。
スキーム4。化合物15a〜cの合成a
ΔΔG結合 = ΔG結合(B) - ΔG結合(A) = ΔGタンパク質(A → B) - ΔG水(A → B)
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実施形態P1式(pI)の化合物:
G1AはH、−OH、−NH2、−OCH3、−OCF3、F、Cl、−N3、−NHCH2C6H4NO2、−NHCH2C6H4F、−NHCH2C6H4NO2、−NHCH2C6H4F、
Claims (35)
- 次式を有する化合物であって:
式中、
YはC(R8)またはNであって;
ZはC(R9)またはNであって;
XはCH2、O、N(R10)、S、S(O)またはS(O)2であって;
R1は水素、ハロゲン、−N3、−CF3、−CCl3、−CBr3、−CI3、−CN、−COR1A、−OR1A、−NR1AR1B、−C(O)OR1A、−C(O)NR1AR1B、−NO2、−SR1A、−S(O)n1R1A、−S(O)n1OR1A、−S(O)n1NR1AR1B、−NHNR1AR1B、−ONR1AR1B、−NHC(O)NHNR1AR1B、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換アリール基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアリール基であり;
R2は水素、ハロゲン、−N3、−CF3、−CCl3、−CBr3、−CI3、−CN、−COR2A、−OR2A、−NR2AR2B、−C(O)OR2A、−C(O)NR2AR2B、−NO2、−SR2A、−S(O)n2R2A、−S(O)n2OR2A、−S(O)n2NR2AR2B、−NHNR2AR2B、−ONR2AR2B、−NHC(O)NHNR2AR2B、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換アリール基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアリール基であり;
R3は、水素、ハロゲン、−N3、−CF3、−CCl3、−CBr3、−CI3、−CN、−COR3A、−OR3A、−NR3AR3B、−C(O)OR3A、−C(O)NR3AR3B、−NO2、−SR3A、−S(O)n3R3A、−S(O)n3OR3A、−S(O)n3NR3AR3B、−NHNR3AR3B、−ONR3AR3B、−NHC(O)NHNR3AR3B、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換アリール基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアリール基であり;
R4は、水素、ハロゲン、−N3、−CF3、−CCl3、−CBr3、−CI3、−CN、−COR4A、−OR4A、−NR4AR4B、−C(O)OR4A、−C(O)NR4AR4B、−NO2、−SR4A、−S(O)n4R4A、−S(O)n4OR4A、−S(O)n4NR4AR4B、−NHNR4AR4B、−ONR4AR4B、−NHC(O)NHNR4AR4B、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換アリール基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアリール基であり;
R5は、非置換C 1 〜C 6 アルキル基であり;
R 6 は非置換C1〜C6アルキル基であって;
R 8 は水素、ハロゲン、−N3、−CF3、−CCl3、−CBr3、−CI3、−CN、−COR8A、−OR8A、−NR8AR8B、−C(O)OR8A、−C(O)NR8AR8B、−NO2、−SR8A、−S(O)n8R8A、−S(O)n8OR8A、−S(O)n8NR8AR8B、−NHNR8AR8B、−ONR8AR8B、−NHC(O)NHNR8AR8B、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換アリール基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアリール基であり;
R9は水素、ハロゲン、−N3、−CF3、−CCl3、−CBr3、−CI3、−CN、−COR9A、−OR9A、−NR9AR9B、−C(O)OR9A、−C(O)NR9AR9B、−NO2、−SR9A、−S(O)n9R9A、−S(O)n9OR9A、−S(O)n9NR9AR9B、−NHNR9AR8B、−ONR9AR9B、−NHC(O)NHNR9AR9B、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換アリール基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアリール基であり;
R10はH、−CH3、−C2H5、−C3H7、−CH2C6H5であり;
R1A、R1B、R2A、R2B、R3A、R3B、R4A、R4B、R5A、R5B、R8A、R8B、R9A、及びR9Bは、独立して水素、オキソ、ハロゲン、−CF3、−CN、−OH、−NH2、−COOH、−CONH2、−NO2、−SH、−S(O)2Cl、−S(O)3H、−S(O)4H、−S(O)2NH2、−NHNH2、−ONH2、−NHC(O)NHNH2、−NHC(O)NH2、−NHS(O)2H、−NHC(O)H、−NHC(O)−OH、−NHOH、−OCF3、−OCHF2、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換アリール基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアリール基であり、
n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n8及びn9は独立して1,2,または3である、
前記化合物。 - R2及びR3は水素である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R5はメチル基である、請求項1または2に記載の化合物。
- R6は非置換C1〜C4アルキル基である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R6は、メチル基、エチル基またはプロピル基である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R6はメチル基である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R4は水素またはハロゲンである、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R1は水素、ハロゲン、−OR1A、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換アリール基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアリール基である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R1は−OR1Aであって、R1Aは、水素、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R1Aは、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物であって、R1Aは−CH3、−C2H5、−C3H7、−CD3、−CD2CD3、−(CH2)2OH、−(CH2)3OH、−CH2CH(OH)CH3、−(CH2)2CH(OH)CH3、−CH2C(CH3)2OH、−(CH2)2C(CH3)2OH、−(CH2)2F、−(CH2)3F、−CH2CH(F)CH3、−(CH2)2CH(F)CH3、−(CH2)2C(CH3)2F、−(CH2)2Cl、−(CH2)3Cl、−CH2CH(Cl)CH3、−(CH2)2CH(Cl)CH3、−CH2C(CH3)2Cl、−(CH2)2C(CH3)2Cl、−(CH2)2NHSO2CH3、−(CH2)3NHSO2CH3、−(CH2)2N(CH2CH2OH)SO2CH3、−(CH2)3N(CH2CH2OH)SO2CH3、−(CH2)2N(CH2CH2F)SO2CH3、−(CH2)2N(CH2CH2Cl)SO2CH3、
式中、
nは、2〜20であって、
G1AはH、−OH、−NH2、−OCH3、−OCF3、F、Cl、−N3、−NHCH2C6H4NO2、−NHCH2C6H4F、−NHCH2C6H4NO2、−NHCH2C6H4F、
G1BはH、−OH、−NH2、−OCH3、F、Cl、
- R1AはOCH3、−OCH2CH3、−O(CH2)2F、−(CH2)2NHSO2CH3、−(CH2CH2O)nF、−(CH2CH2O)nCH3であって、式中、nは2〜5である、
請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。 - YはC(R8)である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- YはNである、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R8は水素、ハロゲン、−OR8A、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換シクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換ヘテロシクロアルキル基、置換若しくは非置換アリール基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアリール基である、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R8は−OR8Aであって、R1Aは、水素、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R8Aは、置換若しくは非置換アルキル基、または置換若しくは非置換ヘテロアルキル基である、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の化合物であって、
R8Aは−CH3、−C2H5、−CD3、−CD2CD3、−(CH2)2OH、−(CH2CH2)3OH、−CH2C(CH3)2OH、−(CH2)2C(CH3)2OH、−(CH2)2F、−(CH2)3F、−CH2C(CH3)2F、−(CH2)2C(CH3)2F、
G8AはH、−OH、−NH2、−OCH3、−OCF3、F、Cl、N3、−NHCH2C6H4NO2、−NHCH2C6H4F,NHCH2C6H4NO2、−NHCH2C6H4F、
G8BはH、−OH、−NH2、−OCH3、F、Cl、
- R8Aは(CH2)2NHSO2CH3、−(CH2)2F、−(CH2)3F、−(CH2CH2O)nF、または−(CH2CH2O)nCH3(式中、nは2〜5)である、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- ZはC(R9)である、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R9は独立して水素である、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- ZはNである、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- XはSである、1〜22のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項24に記載の化合物であって、
R1はOR1Aであって、R1Aは−OCH3、−OCH2CH3、−O(CH2)2F、−(CH2)2NHSO2CH3、−(CH2CH2O)nF、−(CH2CH2O)nCH3であって、nは2〜5であって、
R4は水素またはハロゲンであり、
R5はメチルまたはプロピルであり、
R6はメチルであり、
R8は−OR8Aであって、R8Aは−(CH2)2NHSO2CH3、−(CH2)2F、(CH2)3F、−(CH2CH2O)nF,または−(CH2CH2O)nCH3(式中、nは2〜5である)である、前記化合物。 - 請求項1〜25のいずれか一項に記載の化合物及び薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤を含む医薬製剤。
- 癌の治療を、それを必要とする対象において行うための医薬組成物であって、治療有効量の請求項1〜25のいずれか一項に記載の化合物を含む、前記医薬組成物。
- 前記癌は、白血病、リンパ腫、卵巣癌、膵癌、肺癌、グリア芽細胞腫、肝細胞癌、乳癌、トリプルネガティブ乳癌、前立腺癌または頭頸部癌である、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記癌は、白血病またはリンパ腫である、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記癌は、卵巣癌、膵癌、肺癌、グリア芽細胞腫、肝細胞癌、乳癌、トリプルネガティブ乳癌、前立腺癌または頭頸部癌である、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- デオキシシチジンキナーゼの阻害方法であって、デオキシシチジンキナーゼを治療有効量の請求項1〜25のいずれか一項に記載の化合物と接触させることを含み、これによって、前記デオキシシチジンキナーゼを阻害させ、前記接触はインビトロで行われる、前記方法。
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