JP6421292B2 - Wooden construction method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wooden construction method for building a wooden structure of a ramen structure in which a main structural frame is formed by joining columns and beams.

  In residential construction, the wooden frame method (so-called conventional method) is a method of supporting a building with a frame structure such as foundations, columns, beams, girders, braces, etc., and wood processing such as beam and column joints and joints. Currently, pre-cut processing at factories is more prevalent than processing at the construction site by carpenters. In wooden frame construction using pre-cut processing, pre-cut processing materials are machined according to the design drawings at the pre-cut factory, and the pre-cut timber is packed into a building site and processed at the building site. Building work can be done efficiently without doing it. In addition, the construction method using pre-cut processing can reduce costs by shortening the construction period and controlling industrial waste, compared with the construction method of processing wood at the construction site, and various techniques such as the skills of carpenters and the weather conditions at the construction site. A highly accurate and uniform member can be stably supplied without being affected by unstable elements. In addition, the use of JAS-certified structural laminated material has enabled stable supply of quality-guaranteed materials.

  On the other hand, recently, reconstruction demand from the Great East Japan Earthquake has led to a shortage and soaring of building materials such as structural laminated materials used for pillars and beams, a shortage of carpenters, and a lack of production capacity of precut factories to meet demand. It has been pointed out that it is difficult to start housing early and sufficient housing cannot be supplied early.

  Under such circumstances, the present inventors are proceeding with research on a construction method that does not perform precut processing and ensures efficient construction on site.

  In the construction by the wooden frame construction method, it is conceivable to use, for example, a square member combination structural material as disclosed in Patent Document 1 as an alternative means when the structural laminated material which is a building material for precut processing is not used.

JP 2006-45837 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a new wooden building construction method using a square member combination structural material in a wooden shaft construction method.

In order to achieve the above object, the first wooden construction method of the present invention is a construction method for constructing a wooden structure of a ramen structure in which a main structural frame is formed by joining a column and a beam. It is formed by joining a plurality of first members that are integrated by overlapping a plurality of square members in series, and the beam is integrated by overlapping a plurality of square members so that the cross section becomes a T-shape. The end surfaces of the two first members formed by joining a plurality of second members that are joined in series and having the first members joined to each other have complementary irregularities, and the second members are joined together. The end surfaces of the two second members have complementary irregularities, and the end surfaces of the first member and the second member where the first member and the second member are joined are complementary to each other. There are irregularities, and each irregularity is first orthogonal to the length direction of the first member or the second member. A concavo-convex pattern in a first direction and a concavo-convex pattern in a second direction, having a concavo-convex pattern of a plurality of square bars overlapping in the direction and a concavo-convex pattern in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction characterized Rukoto being formed on different uneven patterns from each other.

The second wooden construction method of the present invention is the above-described first wooden construction method, wherein the member connecting metal fitting is penetrated in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the pillar extends in the portion where the convex portions of the two first members overlap. Joining the two first members, passing the member coupling metal in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the beam extends to the portion where the convex portions of the two second members overlap, and joining the two second members Features.

The third wooden building construction method of the present invention is the above-mentioned second wooden construction method, wherein the side surfaces of the plurality of square members that are overlaid are bonded together by an adhesive, and the sharpened tips protrude in opposite directions. When the reinforcing hardware is attached so that the side surfaces of the square members are stuck together, they are arranged so as to be sandwiched between the opposite side surfaces of the square members, and the protruding parts bite into both side surfaces to join them together. It is characterized by doing.

  According to the wooden construction method of the present invention, a column member and a beam member having a large section combined with inexpensive square members are reasonably processed and produced in a factory, and using it, labor-saving type that reduces work on site as much as possible. Architectural methods are provided.

  The joint end faces of column members and beam members do not require complicated joint processing, and can be manufactured by factory processing without using pre-cuts. Thus, it is possible to level the labor for on-site construction while ensuring a certain quality and the required strength without requiring skill.

It is a figure showing the pillar member used for the pillar of the wooden building constructed | assembled by this construction method. It is a figure which shows the end surface which the two pillar members connected oppose. It is a figure showing the beam member used for the beam of the wooden building constructed | assembled by this building construction method. It is a figure which shows the end surface which two beam members connected oppose. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the 1st member joining metal fitting for joining a square. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the 1st member joining metal fitting for joining a square. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the 2nd member joining metal fitting for joining a square. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the 2nd member joining metal fitting for joining a square. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the 3rd member joining metal fitting for joining a square. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the 3rd member joining metal fitting for joining a square. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the 4th member joining metal fitting for joining a square. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the 4th member joining metal fitting for joining a square. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the member joint metal for fixing the connection part (joint) of a column member and a beam member. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the member joint metal for fixing the connection part (joint) of a column member and a beam member. It is a figure which shows the state which connected and fixed the connection part of the column member with the member connection metal fitting. It is a figure which shows the state which connected and fixed the connection part of the beam member with the member joint metal fitting. It is an example of each floor beam plan of the structure (general house) formed by connecting the beam members in the present embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure (general house) formed by connecting the column member and the beam member in this Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the structural example of the site | part which a beam member connects at right angles, and the site | part which a beam member and a column member connect at right angle. It is a figure which shows the example of a combination of the column member using a two-by-material, and a beam member. It is a figure which shows the example of a combination of the column member using a two-by-material, and a beam member. It is a figure which shows the example of a combination of the column member using a two-by-material, and a beam member. It is a figure which shows the example of a combination of the column member using a two-by-material, and a beam member.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, such an embodiment does not limit the technical scope of the present invention.

  FIG. 1 to FIG. 12 are diagrams for explaining a construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (a) is a column member used for a pillar of a wooden building constructed by the present construction method. FIG. 1B is a view showing a cross section taken along line AA of FIG. The column member 10 is formed by combining five square members 11 so that the cross section has a cross shape. The side surfaces of the square members 11 that are in contact with each other are bonded together by an adhesive and are reinforcingly bonded by a member bonding metal 30 described later (in FIGS. 1 and 3, the first member bonding metal described below is illustratively shown). An example using 30a is shown). The member-jointed hardware 30 is a reinforcing hardware provided so that the portions with sharp ends protrude in opposite directions, and when bonded so that the side surfaces of the square members 11 are in close contact with each other, It arrange | positions so that it may be pinched | interposed and a joint part of both may be reinforced by the protrusion part biting into each of both side surfaces. The square material 11 is not a laminated material but a general lumber, and its size is, for example, 12 cm square (4 size square).

  A plurality of pillar members 10 are connected in series to stand one pillar. Concavities and convexities are formed on both end surfaces of the column member that becomes the joint of the column member 11. In the plurality of square members forming the column member 10, the unevenness of the end faces is formed by making the lengths of the adjacent square members 11 different from each other. Complicated joint processing by pre-cutting is not necessary, and necessary and sufficient bonding strength can be reliably obtained.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating opposing end surfaces of two column members to be connected. The opposite end surfaces of the two column members 10 are concavo-convex processed into shapes complementary to each other so that the opposite end surfaces of the two column members 10 to be coupled are engaged with each other. The joint portions to be connected are adhered by an adhesive, and further, a thin plate (for example, a structural plywood) is attached so as to straddle the joints, and reinforced by nailing. And the two pillar members 10 are connected and fixed by straddling between the square members of both pillar members, and penetrating the member joint metal mentioned later.

  FIG. 3A is a view showing a cross section of a beam member used for a beam of a wooden building constructed by the present construction method, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. FIG. The beam member 20 is formed by combining five square members 11 so that the cross section has a T-shape. Also in the beam member 20, the side surfaces of the square members 11 that are in contact with each other are bonded by an adhesive and are reinforcingly bonded by a member bonding hardware 30 described later. Similar to the column member 10, the square member 11 is preferably made of inexpensive general lumber, and the size is 12 cm as an example. A plurality of beam members 20 are connected in series to form one beam, which is spanned between columns. Similarly to the end surfaces of the column member 10, both end surfaces of the beam member 20 have mutually complementary concavities and convexities, and the plurality of square members 11 forming the beam member 20 are adjacent to each other. The unevenness of the end face is formed by varying the length of 11. Similar to the column member 10, complicated joint processing by pre-cutting is unnecessary, and necessary and sufficient joint strength can be obtained with certainty.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating opposing end surfaces of two beam members to be connected. The end surfaces of the two beam members 20 facing each other are concavo-convex processed into shapes complementary to each other so that the opposite end surfaces of the two beam members 20 to be coupled are engaged with each other. Further, the joint portions to be connected are also adhered by an adhesive, and further, a thin plate (for example, a structural plywood) is attached and nailed so as to straddle the joints. Then, similarly to the column member, the two beam members 20 are connected and fixed by penetrating a member connecting member, which will be described later, straddling between the square members of both beam members.

  According to the inventor's research, experiment, and structural calculation, the required strength and durability can be obtained by combining five square members 11 of 12 cm square (4 inch square) into a cross shape as a column member and a T shape as a beam member. It turns out to get sex.

  In the present embodiment, five square members 11 are combined as the pillar member 10 so that the cross-section thereof becomes a cross shape, and five square members 11 are combined as the beam member 20 so that the cross-section thereof becomes a T-shape. . By combining five square members 11 that are general lumbers, it is possible to create a large cross-section, and by using the adhesive and the member bonding hardware 30 in combination, it is necessary to be stable without using laminated materials. Strength is obtained.

  General lumber is easy to obtain and cheap. In addition, the combination processing of five general lumbers can be easily processed using an adhesive and a member-joint hardware, and a great merit is produced in terms of price and process. In addition, the processing of the connecting part is also possible by combining squares with different lengths so that the unevenness of the end face is determined in advance, and no complicated joint processing or pre-cut processing is required. Can be greatly simplified.

  5 and 6 are diagrams showing a configuration example of a first member-joint hardware for joining square members, FIG. 5 (a) is a side view, FIG. 5 (b) is a front view, and FIG. FIG. The first member bonding hardware 30a is a single metal plate in which a plurality of teeth continuously protrude vertically in the longitudinal direction, and folded portions are formed by pressing at regular intervals. The folded portion positions the center line.

  7 and 8 are diagrams showing a configuration example of a second member-joint metal piece for joining square members, FIG. 7 (a) is a side view, FIG. 7 (b) is a front view, and FIG. ) Is a plan view. Similar to the first member joint metal 30a, the second member joint metal 30b is a metal plate having a plurality of teeth protruding vertically in the longitudinal direction, and is composed of two plates A and B (or plate C). It is formed by the combination. FIG. 7D is a plan view of the plate A in which insertion holes for the plate B or the plate C are formed. FIG. 7E is a plan view of the plate B and the plate C. The plate B and the plate C have the same shape, and the plate B and the plate C are simultaneously formed by punching. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an assembly process of the plate A and the plate B. When the second member joining hardware 30b is formed by combining the plate A and the plate B (or the plate C) at the time of use, Compared to the first member-joined hardware 30a in which a three-dimensional shape is formed from a plate, the capacity during storage can be saved.

  9 and 10 are diagrams showing a configuration example of a third member-joint metal for joining the square members, FIG. 9A is a side view, FIG. 9B is a front view, and FIG. FIG. The third member bonding hardware 30c is formed by making holes in the plate and riveting nails (stud nails) with a press so as to protrude from both surfaces of the plate.

  FIGS. 11 and 12 are diagrams showing a configuration example of a fourth member bonding hardware for joining square members, FIG. 11 (a) is a side view, FIG. 11 (b) is a front view, and FIG. 12 is a perspective view. FIG. The fourth member bonding hardware 30d has a configuration in which the width in the width direction of the third member bonding hardware 30c is expanded and a plurality of nails (three stages in FIGS. 11 and 12) are arranged in the width direction.

  For the above-described various member joint hardware 30, specifications such as an optimal size, length, number of teeth (number of nails) and the like are determined based on the result of the strength test.

  13A and 13B are a front view and a side cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a member joint metal 40 for fixing a connecting portion (joint) between a column member and a beam member. The connecting member 40 has a length type (FIG. 13 (a)) of one square piece (including the thickness of the structural plywood (see FIG. 16)) and a length type of three square pieces (FIG. 13). A plurality of types of member connecting metal fittings (b)) are prepared. FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the metal fitting 40 (including the illustration of the mold separator). Further, FIG. 15 is a view showing a state in which the connecting portion of the column member 10 is connected and fixed by the member connecting metal 40, and FIG. 16 is a state in which the connecting portion of the beam member 20 is connected and fixed by the member connecting metal 40. FIG.

  The member connecting metal 40 is a metal cylindrical bolt, and, as shown in FIG. 13, both ends have a round cross-sectional shape and are subjected to internal thread processing corresponding to ordinary screws, and are screwed from both sides. Moreover, as FIG. 13 (a) and FIG. 14 show, a general separator metal for molds can be used. The central portion other than the round cross-section portions on both ends is formed in a square cross-sectional shape. Although loosening may occur when contraction of wood occurs, the structure is made non-rotating by making the central portion a square cross section.

  FIG. 15A is a plan view showing a state in which the connecting portion of the column member 10 is connected and fixed by the member connecting metal 40, and FIG. 15B is a partial side sectional view. As shown in FIG. 15, in the connecting portion of the column member 10, the member connecting piece 40 is formed in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the column member 10 extends in a portion where the convex portions of the end surfaces of the two opposing column members 10 alternately overlap. The column members 10 are joined in series. FIG. 15B shows an example in which the connecting positions of the square bars 11-1 to 11-4 and the connecting positions of the square bars 11-5 are shifted due to the unevenness of the end faces of the square bars.

  Holes are formed so as to pass through the portions where the convex portions of the opposing two column members 10 are alternately combined, and the member connecting piece 40 is passed through the holes and connected and fixed by screw tightening from both sides. Preferably, it is fixed at at least two places in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. Adhesive is also used to fix the connecting part.

  FIG. 16A is a plan view showing a state in which the connecting portion of the beam member 20 is connected and fixed by the member connecting metal 40, and FIG. 16B is a partial side sectional view. Also in the beam member 20, as shown in FIG. 16, a hole is made so as to penetrate the overlapping portions of the end surface convex portions of the two opposing beam members 20, and the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the beam member 20. The metal joint 40 is passed through and connected and fixed by screwing from both sides. Preferably, it is fixed at at least two places in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. Adhesive is also used to fix the connecting part. As a further reinforcement, the structural plywood may be pasted so as to straddle the connecting portion, and may be fixed by the member connecting metal 40. In FIG. 16 (b), the connecting position of the square members 11-1, 3 and 4, the connecting position of the square member 11-2, and the connecting position of the square member 11-5 are shifted by the unevenness of the end faces of the respective square members. An example is shown.

  FIG. 17 is an example of each floor plan view of a structure (general house) formed by connecting beam members in the present embodiment, and FIG. 18 is a view of connecting column members and beam members in the present embodiment. It is an example of the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure (general house) formed in this way. The parts where the beam members are connected at right angles and the parts where the beam members and the column members are connected at right angles are also complementary, similar to the parts where the column members and the beam members shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 are connected in series. Using multiple fixing / reinforcing means such as biting together the ends where the irregularities are formed, connecting with the metal joint 40 and adhesive, pasting over the part connecting the structural plywood, nailing Secure the necessary strength. FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a beam-column integrated portion in which beam members are connected to each other at a right angle and a beam member and a column member are connected to each other at a right angle.

  In a wood processing factory (referring to a relatively small processing factory that is not a large-scale processing factory like a pre-cut factory), pillar members and beam members having a predetermined length are created. The length is standardized. Furthermore, the part where the column member and the beam member are connected at a right angle (the beam column integrated part) is prepared in advance at a wood processing factory and is carried to the construction site. In a construction site, a building process can be advanced by performing the operation | work which connects a column member, a beam member, and a right-angled part with a member connection metal fitting according to a design drawing.

  Regardless of the existing pre-cut method, the parts are cut and combined processing of five parts is done at the factory, so it is easy to ensure a certain level of quality, and the factory equipment costs are greatly reduced compared to the pre-cut factory. The At the construction site, standardized column members and beam members can be connected by connecting the members with hardware, so that the construction process can be advanced, skill level is not required, labor leveling is achieved, and the construction period is short. Can be built.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a general lumber product of 4 inch square cedar is used as a square member constituting a column member and a beam member is shown, but the size and tree species are not limited to this, for example, 2 Various sizes and types of timbers such as so-called two-by materials such as × 4 material and 2 × 6 material can be used.

  20 to 23 are diagrams illustrating examples of combinations of column members and beam members using a two-by material. FIG. 20 shows a cross section of a beam member using 2 × 6 members with dimensions of 38 mm × 140 mm. FIG. 21 shows a cross section of a beam member using a 2 × 4 material having a size of 38 mm × 89 mm and a 2 × 6 material having a size of 38 mm × 140 mm. FIG. 22 shows a cross section of a column member using 140 mm square cedar and 2 × 6. FIG. 23 shows a cross section of a column member using a 125 mm square (6 mm thick) steel material and a 2 × 6 material. A steel plate for adjustment for adjusting the dimensions of the steel material and the 2 × 6 material is attached to the steel material.

  The conventional wooden frame construction method has only one column and beam, and the cross-sectional dimensions are determined as necessary, so there are many types and numbers, and there are also many types and numbers of reinforcing hardware for joints. . Due to the widespread use of precuts, processing of joints that require skilled skills has been reduced, but the weight of construction and quality control on site is large. According to the wooden construction method in the present embodiment, a large-sized column and beam with high structural strength are processed and produced in a factory by using a structural frame composed of a plurality of inexpensive square members combined with columns and beams. It is possible to secure a certain quality. Factory equipment costs are also significantly reduced compared to precut factories.

  When building a general house using the wooden construction method in the present embodiment, other house building elements after assembling the structural frame characteristic of the present invention, such as a roof, an outer wall, interior equipment (a washroom, a bathroom) In the construction of the kitchen, etc., it is possible to apply that of conventional residential construction.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and there are design changes within a range that does not depart from the gist including various modifications and corrections that can be conceived by those having ordinary knowledge in the field of the present invention. Of course, it is included in the present invention.

  10: Column member, 11: Square member, 20: Beam member, 30: Member joint hardware, 40: Member joint metal

Claims (4)

In the wooden construction method of building a wooden structure of a ramen structure in which the main structural frame is made by joining columns and beams,
The pillar is formed by joining in series a plurality of first members that are integrated by overlapping a plurality of square members so that the cross section has a cross shape.
The beam is formed by joining a plurality of second members in which a plurality of square members are stacked and integrated so that the cross section becomes a T-shape in series ,
The end surfaces of the two first members joined by the first members have irregularities complementary to each other,
The end surfaces of the two second members to which the second members are joined have irregularities complementary to each other,
The end surfaces of the first member and the second member where the first member and the second member are joined have irregularities complementary to each other,
Each concavo-convex is a plurality of square concavo-convex patterns that overlap in a first direction orthogonal to the length direction of the first member or the second member, and a plurality that overlaps in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. A concavo-convex pattern of the square material, wherein the concavo-convex pattern in the first direction and the concavo-convex pattern in the second direction are formed into different concavo-convex patterns . In claim 1 ,
Penetrating a member connecting piece in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the pillar extends in a portion where the convex portions of the two first members overlap, and joining the two first members;
A wooden construction method characterized in that a member connecting metal is passed through in a direction orthogonal to a beam extending direction in a portion where the convex portions of the two second members overlap, and the two second members are joined. In claim 2 ,
The side surfaces of a plurality of square bars are bonded to each other by an adhesive, and the reinforcing hardware provided so that the portions with sharp tips protrude in opposite directions are bonded together so that the side surfaces of the square bars are in close contact with each other. In this case, the wooden building construction method is characterized in that it is disposed so as to be sandwiched between the side surfaces of the opposing square members, and the projecting portions bite into both side surfaces to join them together. In the wooden structure of the ramen structure in which the main structural frame is made by joining columns and beams,
The pillar is formed by joining in series a plurality of first members that are integrated by overlapping a plurality of square members so that the cross section has a cross shape.
The beam is formed by joining a plurality of second members in which a plurality of square members are stacked and integrated so that the cross section becomes a T-shape in series ,
The end surfaces of the two first members joined by the first members have irregularities complementary to each other,
The end surfaces of the two second members to which the second members are joined have irregularities complementary to each other,
The end surfaces of the first member and the second member where the first member and the second member are joined have irregularities complementary to each other,
Each concavo-convex is a plurality of square concavo-convex patterns that overlap in a first direction orthogonal to the length direction of the first member or the second member, and a plurality that overlaps in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The wooden building is characterized in that the uneven pattern in the first direction and the uneven pattern in the second direction are formed in different uneven patterns .

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