JP6406847B2 - 変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂組成物及びその硬化物 - Google Patents
変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂組成物及びその硬化物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6406847B2 JP6406847B2 JP2014064291A JP2014064291A JP6406847B2 JP 6406847 B2 JP6406847 B2 JP 6406847B2 JP 2014064291 A JP2014064291 A JP 2014064291A JP 2014064291 A JP2014064291 A JP 2014064291A JP 6406847 B2 JP6406847 B2 JP 6406847B2
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- Prior art keywords
- epoxy resin
- polyvalent hydroxy
- styrene
- resin
- modified
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 97
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 title claims description 97
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 51
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 title claims description 40
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 53
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 15
- -1 hydroxypropyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 8
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-2,2'-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1O IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical group N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XPNGNIFUDRPBFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)methanol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1CO XPNGNIFUDRPBFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IXCOKTMGCRJMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-fluorene;phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1.OC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 IXCOKTMGCRJMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(O)=CC=C21 NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTCDARUMAMVCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;acetate Chemical class CC([O-])=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC GTCDARUMAMVCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明のエポキシ樹脂(StPNEと略す)はStPNをエポキシ化することにより得ることができる。
1)エポキシ樹脂の一部又は全部として前記StPNEを配合した組成物。
2)硬化剤の一部又は全部として前記StPNを配合した組成物。
3)エポキシ樹脂及び硬化剤の一部又は全部として前記StPNEとStPNを配合した組成物。
上記組成物には、これら硬化剤の1種又は2種以上を混合して用いることができる。
ボレート、2−エチル−4−メチルイミダゾール・テトラフェニルボレート、N−メチルモルホリン・テトラフェニルボレートなどのテトラフェニルボロン塩などがある。添加量としては、通常、エポキシ樹脂100重量部に対して、0.2から5重量部の範囲である。
実施例1
1Lの4口フラスコに、多価ヒドロキシ化合物成分として、多価ヒドロキシ化合物A(BRG−558、昭和電工製、軟化点95℃、溶融粘度0.8Pa・s、Mn;670、Mw/Mn=2.20)を105g、酸触媒としてp−トルエンスルホン酸0.099g(500ppm)を仕込み150℃に昇温した。次に、150℃にて攪拌しながら、スチレン93.6g(0.9モル)を3時間かけて滴下し反応させた。さらに、150℃にて1時間反応後、スチレン変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂197gを得た。その水酸基当量は197g/eq.、軟化点は99℃、150℃での溶融粘度は1.5Pa・s、分子量はMn=1030、Mw/Mn=2.32であった。この樹脂をStPN−Aという。StPN−AのGPCチャートを図4に示す。また、ここで用いた多価ヒドロキシ化合物AのGPCチャートを図1に示す。
1Lの4口フラスコに、多価ヒドロキシ化合物成分として、多価ヒドロキシ化合物B(PS−6362、群栄化学工業製、軟化点105℃、溶融粘度5.0Pa・s、Mn;840、Mw/Mn=3.14)を105g、酸触媒としてp−トルエンスルホン酸0.099g(500ppm)を仕込み150℃に昇温した。次に、150℃にて攪拌しながら、スチレン93.6g(0.9モル)を3時間かけて滴下し反応させた。さらに、150℃にて1時間反応後、スチレン変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂195gを得た。その水酸基当量は195g/eq.、軟化点は108℃、150℃での溶融粘度は7.0Pa・s、分子量はMn=1280、Mw/Mn=3.83であった。この樹脂をStPN−Bという。StPN−BのGPCチャートを図5に示す。また、ここで用いた多価ヒドロキシ化合物BのGPCチャートを図2に示す。
1Lの4口フラスコに、多価ヒドロキシ化合物成分として、多価ヒドロキシ化合物C((BRG−555、昭和電工製、軟化点68℃、溶融粘度0.1Pa・s、Mn;450、Mw/Mn=1.45)を105g、酸触媒としてp−トルエンスルホン酸0.099g(500ppm)を仕込み150℃に昇温した。次に、150℃にて攪拌しながら、スチレン93.6g(0.9モル)を3時間かけて滴下し反応させた。さらに、150℃にて1時間反応後、スチレン変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂197gを得た。その水酸基当量は199g/eq.、軟化点は74℃、150℃での溶融粘度は0.16Pa・s、分子量はMn=760、Mw/Mn=1.54であった。この樹脂をStPN−Cという。StPN−CのGPCチャートを図6に示す。また、ここで用いた多価ヒドロキシ化合物CのGPCチャートを図3に示す。
実施例3
四つ口セパラブルフラスコに実施例1で得たStPN−A150g、エピクロルヒドリン314g、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル47gを入れ撹拌溶解させた。均一に溶解後、130mmHgの減圧下65℃に保ち、48%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液58gを4時間かけて滴下し、この滴下中に還流留出した水とエピクロルヒドリンを分離槽で分離しエピクロルヒドリンは反応容器に戻し、水は系外に除いて反応した。反応終了後、濾過により生成した塩を除き、更に水洗したのちエピクロルヒドリンを留去し、エポキシ樹脂173gを得た(StPNE−A)。得られた樹脂のエポキシ当量は281g/eq.、軟化点は86℃、150℃における溶融粘度は1.1Pa・s、分子量はMn=1180、Mw/Mn=2.85であった。StPNE−AのGPCチャートを図7に示す。
四つ口セパラブルフラスコに実施例2で得たStPN−B150g、エピクロルヒドリン320g、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル48gを入れ撹拌溶解させた。均一に溶解後、130mmHgの減圧下65℃に保ち、48%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液59gを4時間かけて滴下し、この滴下中に還流留出した水とエピクロルヒドリンを分離槽で分離しエピクロルヒドリンは反応容器に戻し、水は系外に除いて反応した。反応終了後、濾過により生成した塩を除き、更に水洗したのちエピクロルヒドリンを留去し、エポキシ樹脂164gを得た(StPNE−B)。得られた樹脂のエポキシ当量は288g/eq.、軟化点は96℃、150℃における溶融粘度は5.2Pa・s、分子量はMn=1420、Mw/Mn=6.18であった。StPNE−BのGPCチャートを図8に示す。
四つ口セパラブルフラスコに比較例1で得たStPN−C150g、エピクロルヒドリン314g、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル47gを入れ撹拌溶解させた。均一に溶解後、130mmHgの減圧下65℃に保ち、48%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液58gを4時間かけて滴下し、この滴下中に還流留出した水とエピクロルヒドリンを分離槽で分離しエピクロルヒドリンは反応容器に戻し、水は系外に除いて反応した。反応終了後、濾過により生成した塩を除き、更に水洗したのちエピクロルヒドリンを留去し、エポキシ樹脂173gを得た(StPNE−C)。得られた樹脂のエポキシ当量は271g/eq.、軟化点は61℃、150℃における溶融粘度は0.15Pa・s、分子量はMn=610、Mw/Mn=1.91であった。StPNE−CのGPCチャートを図9に示す。
東ソー株式会社製 TSKgelG4000HXL、TSKgelG3000HXL、TSKgelG2000HXLを直列に備えたものを使用し、カラム温度は40℃にした。また、溶離液にはテトラヒドロフランを用い、1ml/minの流速とし、検出器はRI(示差屈折計)検出器を用いた。サンプル0.1gを10mlのTHFに溶解した。標準ポリスチレンによる検量線により数平均分子量(Mn)を求めた。
自動軟化点装置(明峰社製、ASP−M4SP)を用い、JIS−K−2207に従い環球法にて測定した。
BROOKFIELD製、CAP2000H型回転粘度計を用いて、150℃にて測定した。
電位差滴定装置を用い、1,4−ジオキサンを溶媒に用い、1.5mol/L塩化アセチルでアセチル化を行い、過剰の塩化アセチルを水で分解して0.5mol/L−水酸化カリウムを使用して滴定した。
電位差滴定装置を用い、溶媒としてメチルエチルケトンを使用し、臭素化テトラエチルアンモニウム酢酸溶液を加え、電位差滴定装置にて0.1mol/L過塩素酸−酢酸溶液を用いて測定した。
示差走査熱量測定装置(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製 EXSTAR6000 DSC6200)にて10℃/分の昇温条件で測定を行った時のDSC外挿値の温度で表した。
マテリアルアナライザー/AGILENT Technologies 社製を用い、容量法により周波数1GHzにおける誘電率および誘電正接を求めることにより評価した。
25℃、相対湿度50%の条件を標準状態とし、85℃、相対湿度85%の条件で100時間吸湿させた後の重量変化率とした。
エポキシ樹脂成分としてo−クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(OCNE;エポキシ当量200、軟化点65℃)を用い、硬化剤成分として実施例1で得たStPN−A、実施例2で得たStPN−B、比較例1で得たStPN−Cを用い、硬化触媒として2−エチル−4−メチルイミダゾール(2E4MZ;四国化成工業製)用い、表1に示す配合で混合しエポキシ樹脂組成物を得た。このエポキシ樹脂組成物を130℃にて15分間、190℃にて80分間成形し、硬化物試験片を得た後、各種物性測定に供した。配合表及び物性評価結果を表1に示す。
エポキシ樹脂成分として、実施例3で得たStPNE−A、実施例4で得たStPNE−B、比較例2で得たStPNE−Cを用い、硬化剤成分としてフェノールノボラック樹脂(BRG−557、昭和電工製、軟化点80℃)を用い、硬化触媒として2−エチル−4−メチルイミダゾール(2E4MZ、四国化成工業製)用い、表2に示す配合で混合しエポキシ樹脂組成物を得た。このエポキシ樹脂組成物を用いて130℃にて15分間、190℃にて80分間成形し、硬化物試験片を得た後、各種物性測定に供した。配合表及び物性評価結果を表2に示す。
Claims (10)
- 下記一般式(1)
で表される多価ヒドロキシ化合物と、スチレン又は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基がスチレンのベンゼン環に置換したスチレンから選ばれるスチレン類、又は下記一般式(2)
で表されるベンジル化剤からなる芳香族変性剤とを反応させて、式(a)で表される芳香族変性剤由来の置換基を多価ヒドロキシ化合物のベンゼン環に置換させて得られる変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂であって、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーで測定した数平均分子量Mnが1000以上5000以下であると共に、重量平均分子量Mwと数平均分子量Mnとの比Mw/Mnが2以上であることを特徴とする変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂。 - 芳香族変性剤がスチレン類であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂。
- 一般式(1)の多価ヒドロキシ化合物として、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーで測定した数平均分子量Mnが500以上である多価ヒドロキシ化合物を使用して得られたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂。
- エポキシ樹脂及び硬化剤よりなるエポキシ樹脂組成物において、硬化剤の一部又は全部として、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂を必須成分としてなることを特徴とするエポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 請求項4に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物を硬化してなることを特徴とするエポキシ樹脂硬化物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂とエピクロルヒドリンとを反応させて得られることを特徴とするエポキシ樹脂。
- エポキシ樹脂及び硬化剤よりなるエポキシ樹脂組成物において、請求項6に記載のエポキシ樹脂を必須成分として配合してなるエポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 請求項7に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物を硬化してなるエポキシ樹脂硬化物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の変性多価ヒドロキシ樹脂とエピクロルヒドリンとを反応させることを特徴とするエポキシ樹脂の製造方法。
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- 2015-03-25 CN CN201510134070.0A patent/CN104945583B/zh active Active
- 2015-03-26 TW TW104109642A patent/TWI652289B/zh active
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CN104945583B (zh) | 2018-09-11 |
TW201540752A (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
TWI652289B (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
JP2015187190A (ja) | 2015-10-29 |
KR20150111850A (ko) | 2015-10-06 |
KR102387998B1 (ko) | 2022-04-18 |
CN104945583A (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
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