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JP6405297B2 - Satellite radio wave receiving antenna device - Google Patents

Satellite radio wave receiving antenna device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP6405297B2
JP6405297B2 JP2015237534A JP2015237534A JP6405297B2 JP 6405297 B2 JP6405297 B2 JP 6405297B2 JP 2015237534 A JP2015237534 A JP 2015237534A JP 2015237534 A JP2015237534 A JP 2015237534A JP 6405297 B2 JP6405297 B2 JP 6405297B2
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antenna
satellite radio
radio wave
wave receiving
antenna device
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JP2015237534A
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JP2017103709A (en
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杉本　勇次
勇次 杉本
武藤　勝彦
勝彦 武藤
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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Priority to PCT/JP2016/082819 priority patent/WO2017094441A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/35—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using two or more simultaneously fed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Description

本発明は、衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a satellite radio wave receiving antenna device.

衛星測位システムを用いて例えば車両等の走行位置を計測する技術が普及している。これに伴って、衛星から送信された衛星電波を受信する衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置が供されている（例えば特許文献１参照）。   For example, a technique for measuring a traveling position of a vehicle or the like using a satellite positioning system is widespread. Along with this, a satellite radio wave receiving antenna device that receives satellite radio waves transmitted from a satellite is provided (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

特開２０１５−７６８３５号公報Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-76835

例えば車両が走行する環境では衛星電波が建造物や道路等で反射するマルチパスの影響により、低仰角方向からの遅延時間が大きい衛星電波が衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置に到来する。遅延時間が大きい衛星電波は測位性能を低下させる要因となる。そのため、衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置では、低仰角方向から到来する衛星電波の受信を抑えることが望ましく、ビームを天頂方向に向けて鋭くすることが望まれている。この点に関し、特許文献１では、ビームの中心軸を天頂方向に向けた基準となる１つの指向性アンテナと、ビームの中心軸を天頂方向から所定角度ずつずらした複数の指向性アンテナとが設けられる構成を採用している。しかしながら、特許文献１では、複数の指向性アンテナが設けられる構成であるので、アンテナ地板のサイズが大きくなり、装置全体が大型化すると共に、コスト高になるという問題がある。   For example, in an environment in which a vehicle travels, satellite radio waves having a large delay time from a low elevation angle arrive at the satellite radio wave receiving antenna device due to the influence of multipath in which satellite radio waves are reflected by buildings, roads, and the like. Satellite radio waves with a long delay time cause a decrease in positioning performance. Therefore, in the satellite radio wave receiving antenna device, it is desirable to suppress the reception of satellite radio waves coming from the low elevation angle direction, and it is desired to sharpen the beam toward the zenith direction. In this regard, Patent Document 1 provides one directional antenna that serves as a reference with the center axis of the beam directed toward the zenith direction, and a plurality of directional antennas that are offset from the zenith direction by a predetermined angle. Is adopted. However, since Patent Document 1 has a configuration in which a plurality of directional antennas are provided, there is a problem that the size of the antenna ground plane increases, the entire apparatus increases in size, and the cost increases.

本発明は、上記した事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、装置全体の大型化やコスト高を抑えつつ、ビームを天頂方向に向けて鋭くすることができ、アンテナ性能を高めることができる衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and the object thereof is to increase the antenna performance by making it possible to sharpen the beam toward the zenith direction while suppressing the increase in size and cost of the entire apparatus. An object of the present invention is to provide a satellite radio wave receiving antenna device capable of performing

請求項１に記載した発明によれば、誘電体（５，９，３４）上に平面形状のアンテナエレメント（６，１０，３５）が設けられたパッチアンテナ（２，３，３２）と、平面部（８ａ，１２ａ，３８ａ）を有するアンテナ地板（８，１２，３９）とを備え、パッチアンテナがアンテナ地板上に設けられている。外形のサイズがアンテナエレメントよりも小さく形成され、アンテナエレメントの周方向の少なくとも一部であってアンテナエレメントと垂直方向で重ならない位置で且つ平面部の面上よりもアンテナエレメント側に近い部位に設けられ、アンテナ地板と同電位の同電位部（１３ａ，１４ａ，２３ａ，２４ａ，３７ａ）を備える。
According to the invention described in claim 1, the patch antenna (2, 3, 32) in which the planar antenna elements (6, 10, 35) are provided on the dielectric (5, 9, 34), and the planar Antenna base plate (8, 12, 39) having portions (8a, 12a, 38a), and a patch antenna is provided on the antenna base plate. The outer size is formed smaller than the antenna element, and is provided at a position that is at least part of the circumference of the antenna element and does not overlap with the antenna element in the vertical direction and closer to the antenna element side than on the plane surface. And equipotential portions (13a, 14a, 23a, 24a, 37a) having the same potential as the antenna ground plane.

アンテナエレメントから見てアンテナ地板の平面部よりも近い部位に同電位部が設けられているので、アンテナエレメントと同電位部との間で電気的な結合が高まり、アンテナエレメント上に発生する電界が天頂方向に向く。この場合、アンテナ地板の平面部の面上に同電位部が設けられるので、従来構成の複数の指向性アンテナに相当するアンテナが必要となることがなく、アンテナ地板のサイズが大きくなることもない。これにより、装置全体の大型化やコスト高を抑えつつ、ビームを天頂方向に向けて鋭くすることができ、アンテナ性能を高めることができる。   Since the same potential portion is provided at a position closer to the antenna ground plane than the antenna element, electrical coupling between the antenna element and the same potential portion is increased, and the electric field generated on the antenna element is reduced. Turn to the zenith direction. In this case, since the same potential portion is provided on the surface of the flat portion of the antenna ground plane, an antenna corresponding to a plurality of directional antennas of the conventional configuration is not required, and the size of the antenna ground plane does not increase. . Thereby, it is possible to sharpen the beam toward the zenith direction while suppressing an increase in size and cost of the entire apparatus, and it is possible to improve antenna performance.

本発明の第１の実施形態の全体構成を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the whole structure of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 縦断側面図Longitudinal side view 解析対象の斜視図Perspective view of analysis target 縦断側面図Longitudinal side view 比較対象の斜視図Perspective view for comparison リブの有無による指向性の影響の解析結果を示す図The figure which shows the analysis result of the influence of directivity by the presence or absence of the rib リブの高さによる半値角及び最大利得の変化の解析結果を示す図The figure which shows the analysis result of the change of the half value angle and the maximum gain by the height of the rib 車両の天井部に設けられた態様を示す図The figure which shows the aspect provided in the ceiling part of the vehicle 全体構成を示す斜視図Perspective view showing the overall configuration 内部の構成を示す縦断側面図Vertical side view showing internal configuration 本発明の第２の実施形態の全体構成を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the whole structure of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 縦断側面図Longitudinal side view

（第１の実施形態）
以下、本発明を車両に搭載される衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置（以下、アンテナ装置と称する）に適用した第１の実施形態について図１から図１０を参照して説明する。アンテナ装置１は、ＧＮＳＳ（Global Navigation Satellite System）の衛星から送信されるＬ１帯（１５７５．４２ＭＨｚ）の衛星電波とＬ２帯（１２２７．６ＭＨｚ）の衛星電波とを受信可能な構成である。アンテナ装置１は、Ｌ２帯の衛星電波を受信する第１のアンテナ２と、Ｌ１帯の衛星電波を受信する第２のアンテナ３とを有する。第１のアンテナ２は平板形状の金属板４上に設けられており、第２のアンテナ３は第１のアンテナ２上に設けられている。即ち、第１のアンテナ２と第２のアンテナ３とは積層されている。尚、アンテナ装置１は、後述するように第１のアンテナ２と第２のアンテナ３との積層方向が天頂方向となるように車両に搭載される。 (First embodiment)
A first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a satellite radio wave receiving antenna device (hereinafter referred to as an antenna device) mounted on a vehicle will be described below with reference to FIGS. The antenna device 1 is configured to receive an L1 band (1575.42 MHz) satellite radio wave and an L2 band (1227.6 MHz) satellite radio wave transmitted from a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite. The antenna device 1 includes a first antenna 2 that receives satellite radio waves in the L2 band and a second antenna 3 that receives satellite radio waves in the L1 band. The first antenna 2 is provided on a flat metal plate 4, and the second antenna 3 is provided on the first antenna 2. That is, the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 are stacked. As will be described later, the antenna device 1 is mounted on a vehicle such that the stacking direction of the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 is the zenith direction.

第１のアンテナ２は、パッチアンテナであり、所定の誘電率を有する直方体形状の第１の誘電体５と、第１の誘電体５上に設けられている金属板からなる第１のアンテナエレメント６とを有する。第１のアンテナエレメント６の所定部位には給電部７が設けられており、第１の誘電体５を貫通する金属製の給電ピンを介して第１のアンテナエレメント６に給電される。第１のアンテナ２は、金属板４上の中央部に設けられており、金属板４を第１のアンテナ地板８として動作する。尚、第１のアンテナ２は、第１の誘電体５の誘電率による波長短縮効果により、電気的なサイズが縮小されている。   The first antenna 2 is a patch antenna, and is a first antenna element made of a rectangular parallelepiped first dielectric 5 having a predetermined dielectric constant and a metal plate provided on the first dielectric 5. 6. A power feeding unit 7 is provided at a predetermined portion of the first antenna element 6, and power is fed to the first antenna element 6 through a metal power feeding pin that penetrates the first dielectric 5. The first antenna 2 is provided in the central part on the metal plate 4, and the metal plate 4 operates as the first antenna ground plane 8. The first antenna 2 is reduced in electrical size due to the wavelength shortening effect due to the dielectric constant of the first dielectric 5.

第２のアンテナ３は、第１のアンテナ２と同様にパッチアンテナであり、所定の誘電率を有する直方体形状の第２の誘電体９と、第２の誘電体９上に設けられている金属板からなる第２のアンテナエレメント１０とを有する。第２のアンテナエレメント１０の所定部位には給電部１１が設けられており、第２の誘電体９を貫通する金属製の給電ピンを介して第２のアンテナエレメント１０に給電される。第２のアンテナ３は、第１のアンテナエレメント６上の中央部に設けられており、第１のアンテナエレメント６を第２のアンテナ地板１２として動作する。尚、第２のアンテナ３も、第２の誘電体９の誘電率による波長短縮効果により、電気的なサイズが縮小されている。又、上記した第１の誘電体５の誘電率は第２の誘電体９の誘電率よりも大きい。即ち、誘電率が相対的に大きい誘電体５を有する第１のアンテナ２が下層であり、誘電率が相対的に小さい誘電体９を有する第２のアンテナ３が上層である。   The second antenna 3 is a patch antenna similar to the first antenna 2, and has a rectangular parallelepiped second dielectric 9 having a predetermined dielectric constant and a metal provided on the second dielectric 9. And a second antenna element 10 made of a plate. A power feeding unit 11 is provided at a predetermined portion of the second antenna element 10, and power is fed to the second antenna element 10 through a metal power feeding pin that penetrates the second dielectric 9. The second antenna 3 is provided in the central portion on the first antenna element 6 and operates using the first antenna element 6 as the second antenna ground plane 12. The electrical size of the second antenna 3 is also reduced due to the wavelength shortening effect due to the dielectric constant of the second dielectric material 9. Further, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric 5 is larger than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric 9. That is, the first antenna 2 having the dielectric 5 having a relatively high dielectric constant is the lower layer, and the second antenna 3 having the dielectric 9 having the relatively low dielectric constant is the upper layer.

第１のアンテナ地板８の上面部８ａ（平面部に相当する）には、その面上から積層方向に突出し且つ第１のアンテナ２の全周を囲むように当該第１のアンテナ２と所定のクリアランスを存して枠形状の第１のリブ１３が一体的に形成されている。第１のリブ１３は、第１のアンテナ地板８と同電位であり、その高さは第１の誘電体５の高さと略同じである。即ち、第１のリブ１３の上面部１３ａ（同電位部に相当する）と第１のアンテナエレメント６の端部とは近接している。第２のアンテナ地板１２の上面部１２ａ（平面部に相当する）には、その面上から積層方向に突出し且つ第２のアンテナ３の全周を囲むように当該第２のアンテナ３と所定のクリアランスを存して枠形状の第２のリブ１４が一体的に形成されている。第２のリブ１４は、第２のアンテナ地板１２と同電位であり、その高さは第２の誘電体９の高さと略同じである。即ち、第２のリブ１４の上面部１４ａ（同電位部に相当する）と第２のアンテナエレメント１０の端部とは近接している。   An upper surface portion 8a (corresponding to a flat surface portion) of the first antenna ground plate 8 protrudes from the surface in the stacking direction and surrounds the entire circumference of the first antenna 2 with a predetermined value. A frame-shaped first rib 13 is integrally formed with a clearance. The first rib 13 has the same potential as the first antenna ground plane 8, and its height is substantially the same as the height of the first dielectric 5. That is, the upper surface portion 13a (corresponding to the same potential portion) of the first rib 13 and the end portion of the first antenna element 6 are close to each other. An upper surface portion 12 a (corresponding to a flat surface portion) of the second antenna ground plane 12 protrudes from the surface in the stacking direction and surrounds the entire circumference of the second antenna 3 with a predetermined distance. The frame-shaped second rib 14 is integrally formed with a clearance. The second rib 14 has the same potential as the second antenna ground plane 12, and its height is substantially the same as the height of the second dielectric 9. That is, the upper surface portion 14a (corresponding to the same potential portion) of the second rib 14 and the end portion of the second antenna element 10 are close to each other.

上記した構成では、第１のリブ１３の上面部１３ａと第１のアンテナエレメント６の端部とが近接していることにより、第１のアンテナエレメント６と第１のリブ１３の上面部１３ａとの間で電気的な結合が高まる。その結果、第１のアンテナエレメント６上に発生する電界が天頂方向に向き、ビームが天頂方向に向けて鋭くなる。又、第２のリブ１４の上面部１４ａと第２のアンテナエレメント１０の端部とが近接していることにより、第２のアンテナエレメント１０と第２のリブ１４の上面部１４ａとの間で電気的な結合が高まる。その結果、第２のアンテナエレメント１０上に発生する電界が天頂方向に向き、ビームが天頂方向に向けて鋭くなる。   In the configuration described above, the upper surface portion 13a of the first rib 13 and the end portion of the first antenna element 6 are close to each other, whereby the first antenna element 6 and the upper surface portion 13a of the first rib 13 are The electrical coupling between the two increases. As a result, the electric field generated on the first antenna element 6 is directed in the zenith direction, and the beam is sharpened in the zenith direction. Further, since the upper surface portion 14a of the second rib 14 and the end portion of the second antenna element 10 are close to each other, the second antenna element 10 and the upper surface portion 14a of the second rib 14 are between. Increased electrical coupling. As a result, the electric field generated on the second antenna element 10 is directed toward the zenith direction, and the beam is sharpened toward the zenith direction.

ここで、第１のリブ１３や第２のリブ１４の有無による指向性の影響について説明する。図３及び図４に示すように、図１に示した構成から第２のアンテナ３及び第２のリブ１４を省いたアンテナ装置を解析対象とすると共に、図５に示すように、図３及び図４に示した構成から第１のリブ１３を省いたアンテナ装置を比較対象とする。尚、条件としては、第１の誘電体５の平面のサイズを３９．５［ｍｍ］×３９．５［ｍｍ］、第１の誘電体５の高さを５［ｍｍ］、第１の誘電体５の比誘電率を１２、第１のアンテナ２と第１のリブ１３とのクリアランスを１［ｍｍ］としている。図６に示すように、第１のリブ１３が形成されている構成では、第１のリブ１３が形成されていない構成に対して半値角が約１８［ｄｅｇ］小さくなっており、ビームが天頂方向に向かって鋭くなっている。   Here, the influence of directivity due to the presence or absence of the first rib 13 or the second rib 14 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the antenna device in which the second antenna 3 and the second rib 14 are omitted from the configuration shown in FIG. 1 is an analysis target, and as shown in FIG. An antenna device in which the first rib 13 is omitted from the configuration shown in FIG. The condition is that the plane size of the first dielectric 5 is 39.5 [mm] × 39.5 [mm], the height of the first dielectric 5 is 5 [mm], and the first dielectric 5 The relative permittivity of the body 5 is 12, and the clearance between the first antenna 2 and the first rib 13 is 1 [mm]. As shown in FIG. 6, in the configuration in which the first rib 13 is formed, the half-value angle is about 18 [deg] smaller than the configuration in which the first rib 13 is not formed, and the beam is at the zenith. It is sharp in the direction.

次に、第１のリブ１３や第２のリブ１４の高さによる半値角及び最大利得の変化について説明する。図７に示すように、前述した図３及び図４に示した構成を解析対象とする。図７に示すように、リブの高さが高くなるにしたがって半値角が低下すると共に最大利得が低下している。   Next, changes in the half-value angle and the maximum gain depending on the height of the first rib 13 and the second rib 14 will be described. As shown in FIG. 7, the configuration shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 described above is an analysis target. As shown in FIG. 7, as the rib height increases, the half-value angle decreases and the maximum gain decreases.

次に、アンテナ装置が車両に搭載される態様について説明する。アンテナ装置が車両に搭載される場合、図８に示すように、車両２１の天井部２１ａにシャークフィンの形状をなす筐体２２が配置され、その筐体２２の内部にアンテナ装置が配置される。この場合、車両２２が走行する環境では衛星電波が建造物や道路等で反射するマルチパスの影響により、低仰角方向からの遅延時間が大きい衛星電波が衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置に到来する。特に、車両２２の左右方向の低仰角方向からよりも車両２２の前後方向の低仰角方向から到来する衛星電波が多いので、アンテナの全周を囲むようにリブが形成されている必要はなく、アンテナの対向する２方向でリブが形成されていれば良い。即ち、図９に示すように、前述した図３及び図４に示した構成において枠形状の第１のリブ１３に代えて、棒形状のリブ２３，２４が設けられている構成でも良い。この場合、リブ２３，２４の上面部２３ａ，２４ａと第１のアンテナエレメント６の端部とが近接していることにより、第１のアンテナエレメント６とリブ２３，２４の上面部２３ａ，２４ａとの間で電気的な結合が高まる。その結果、この場合も、第１のアンテナエレメント６上に発生する電界が天頂方向に向き、ビームが天頂方向に向けて鋭くなる。尚、図１０に示すように、車両２２の天井部２２ａの曲面に合わせて第２のアンテナエレメント６の平面部６ａが水平方向となるように基板２５上に台座２６を介して設けられても良い。   Next, a mode in which the antenna device is mounted on the vehicle will be described. When the antenna device is mounted on a vehicle, as shown in FIG. 8, a housing 22 having a shark fin shape is disposed on the ceiling 21 a of the vehicle 21, and the antenna device is disposed inside the housing 22. . In this case, in the environment in which the vehicle 22 travels, satellite radio waves having a large delay time from the low elevation angle arrive at the satellite radio wave receiving antenna device due to the influence of multipath in which the satellite radio waves are reflected by buildings or roads. In particular, since there are more satellite radio waves arriving from the low elevation angle direction of the vehicle 22 than from the low elevation angle direction of the vehicle 22 in the left-right direction, ribs need not be formed so as to surround the entire circumference of the antenna, It suffices if ribs are formed in two directions facing the antenna. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, in the configuration shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the rod-shaped ribs 23 and 24 may be provided instead of the frame-shaped first rib 13. In this case, since the upper surface portions 23a and 24a of the ribs 23 and 24 and the end portions of the first antenna element 6 are close to each other, the upper surface portions 23a and 24a of the first antenna element 6 and the ribs 23 and 24 are The electrical coupling between the two increases. As a result, also in this case, the electric field generated on the first antenna element 6 is directed in the zenith direction, and the beam is sharpened in the zenith direction. In addition, as shown in FIG. 10, even if it is provided on the board | substrate 25 via the base 26 so that the plane part 6a of the 2nd antenna element 6 may become a horizontal direction according to the curved surface of the ceiling part 22a of the vehicle 22. As shown in FIG. good.

以上に説明したように第１の実施形態によれば、次に示す効果を得ることができる。
アンテナ装置１において、第１のアンテナ２の周囲に第１のリブ１３が設けられ、第２のアンテナ３の周囲に第２のリブ１４が設けられる構成とした。第１のアンテナ２では、第１のアンテナエレメント６から見てアンテナ地板８の上面部８ａよりも近い部位に第１のリブ１３の上面部１３ａが設けられているので、第１のアンテナエレメント６と第１のリブ１３の上面部１３ａとの間で電気的な結合が高まる。その結果、第１のアンテナエレメント６上に発生する電界が天頂方向に向く。又、第２のアンテナ３でも、第１のアンテナ２と同様に、第２のアンテナエレメント１０から見てアンテナ地板１２の上面部１２ａよりも近い部位に第２のリブ１４の上面部１４ａが設けられているので、第２のアンテナエレメント１０と第２のリブ１４の上面部１４ａとの間で電気的な結合が高まる。その結果、第２のアンテナエレメント１０上に発生する電界が天頂方向に向く。この場合、アンテナ地板８，１２の上面部８ａ，１２ａの面上にリブ１３，１４が設けられるので、従来構成の複数の指向性アンテナに相当するアンテナが必要となることがなく、アンテナ地板８，１２のサイズが大きくなることもない。これにより、装置全体の大型化やコスト高を抑えつつ、ビームを天頂方向に向けて鋭くすることができ、アンテナ性能を高めることができる。 As described above, according to the first embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
In the antenna device 1, the first rib 13 is provided around the first antenna 2, and the second rib 14 is provided around the second antenna 3. In the first antenna 2, since the upper surface portion 13 a of the first rib 13 is provided in a portion closer to the upper surface portion 8 a of the antenna ground plane 8 when viewed from the first antenna element 6, the first antenna element 6 And electrical coupling between the upper surface portion 13a of the first rib 13 is enhanced. As a result, the electric field generated on the first antenna element 6 is directed to the zenith direction. In the second antenna 3, as in the first antenna 2, the upper surface portion 14 a of the second rib 14 is provided at a position closer to the upper surface portion 12 a of the antenna ground plane 12 when viewed from the second antenna element 10. Therefore, electrical coupling is enhanced between the second antenna element 10 and the upper surface portion 14a of the second rib 14. As a result, the electric field generated on the second antenna element 10 is directed to the zenith direction. In this case, since the ribs 13 and 14 are provided on the surfaces of the upper surface portions 8a and 12a of the antenna ground plates 8 and 12, antennas corresponding to a plurality of directional antennas of the conventional configuration are not required, and the antenna ground plate 8 , 12 does not increase in size. Thereby, it is possible to sharpen the beam toward the zenith direction while suppressing an increase in size and cost of the entire apparatus, and it is possible to improve antenna performance.

又、第１のアンテナ２と第２のアンテナ３とが積層される構成において、上層の第２のアンテナ３が下層の第１のアンテナ２の第１のアンテナエレメント６をアンテナ地板１２として動作する構成とした。これにより、複数のパッチアンテナを積層する構成において、それぞれのビームを天頂方向に向けて鋭くすることができ、それぞれのアンテナ性能を高めることができる。又、下層の第１のアンテナ２の第１の誘電体５の誘電率が上層の第２のアンテナ３の第２の誘電体９の誘電率よりも大きい構成とした。これにより、複数のパッチアンテナを積層する構成において、波長短縮効果をより一層高めることができ、装置全体の小型化を図ることができる。   In the configuration in which the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 are stacked, the upper second antenna 3 operates using the first antenna element 6 of the lower first antenna 2 as the antenna ground plane 12. The configuration. Thereby, in the configuration in which a plurality of patch antennas are stacked, each beam can be sharpened toward the zenith direction, and the performance of each antenna can be improved. The dielectric constant of the first dielectric 5 of the lower first antenna 2 is larger than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric 9 of the upper second antenna 3. As a result, in the configuration in which a plurality of patch antennas are stacked, the wavelength shortening effect can be further enhanced, and the overall size of the apparatus can be reduced.

（第２の実施形態）
次に、本発明の第２の実施形態について図１１及び図１２を参照して説明する。尚、前述した第１の実施形態と同一部分については説明を省略し、異なる部分について説明する。第２の実施形態において、アンテナ装置３１は、アンテナ３２と、金属部材３３とを有する。アンテナ３２は、第１の実施形態で説明した第１のアンテナ２と同等の構成であり、所定の誘電率を有する直方体形状の誘電体３４と、誘電体３４上に設けられている金属板からなるアンテナエレメント３５とを有する。アンテナエレメント３５の所定部位には給電部３６が設けられており、誘電体３４を貫通する金属製の給電ピンを介してアンテナエレメント３５に給電される。 (Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the same part as 1st Embodiment mentioned above, and a different part is demonstrated. In the second embodiment, the antenna device 31 includes an antenna 32 and a metal member 33. The antenna 32 has a configuration equivalent to that of the first antenna 2 described in the first embodiment, and includes a rectangular parallelepiped dielectric 34 having a predetermined dielectric constant, and a metal plate provided on the dielectric 34. And an antenna element 35. A power feeding portion 36 is provided at a predetermined portion of the antenna element 35, and power is fed to the antenna element 35 via a metal power feeding pin that penetrates the dielectric 34.

金属部材３３は、外側部３７から凹んだ内側部３８を有する凹形状により構成されている。アンテナ３２は、内側部３８の上面部３８ａ（平面部に相当する）上の中央部に設けられており、金属部材３３をアンテナ地板３９として動作する。外側部３７は、その高さが誘電体３４の高さと略同じである。即ち、外側部３７の上面部３７ａ（同電位部に相当する）とアンテナエレメント３５の端部とは近接している。上記した構成では、外側部３７の上面部３７ａとアンテナエレメント３５の端部とが近接していることにより、アンテナエレメント３５と外側部３７の上面部３７ａとの間で電気的な結合が高まる。その結果、アンテナエレメント３５上に発生する電界が天頂方向に向く。   The metal member 33 has a concave shape having an inner portion 38 that is recessed from the outer portion 37. The antenna 32 is provided at a central portion on the upper surface portion 38 a (corresponding to a plane portion) of the inner side portion 38, and operates with the metal member 33 as the antenna ground plane 39. The height of the outer portion 37 is substantially the same as the height of the dielectric 34. That is, the upper surface portion 37a (corresponding to the same potential portion) of the outer portion 37 and the end portion of the antenna element 35 are close to each other. In the above-described configuration, the electrical coupling between the antenna element 35 and the upper surface portion 37 a of the outer portion 37 is enhanced by the proximity of the upper surface portion 37 a of the outer portion 37 and the end portion of the antenna element 35. As a result, the electric field generated on the antenna element 35 is directed in the zenith direction.

以上に説明したように第２の実施形態によれば、第１の実施形態と同様の作用効果を得ることができる。即ち、アンテナ３２では、アンテナエレメント３５から見てアンテナ地板３９の内側部３８の上面部３８ａよりも近い部位に外側部３７の上面部３７ａが設けられているので、アンテナエレメント３５と外側部３７の上面部３７ａとの間で電気的な結合が高まる。その結果、アンテナエレメント３５上に発生する電界が天頂方向に向き、ビームを天頂方向に向けて鋭くすることができ、アンテナ性能を高めることができる。   As described above, according to the second embodiment, the same operational effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. That is, in the antenna 32, the upper surface portion 37 a of the outer portion 37 is provided in a portion closer to the upper surface portion 38 a of the inner portion 38 of the antenna base plate 39 when viewed from the antenna element 35. Electrical coupling with the upper surface portion 37a is enhanced. As a result, the electric field generated on the antenna element 35 can be directed toward the zenith direction, the beam can be sharpened toward the zenith direction, and the antenna performance can be enhanced.

（その他の実施形態）
本発明は、上記した実施形態で例示したものに限定されることなく、その範囲を逸脱しない範囲で任意に変形又は拡張することができる。
車両に搭載される構成を例示したが、車両以外の用途で適用される構成でも良い。
第１の実施形態では、第１のリブ１３が第１のアンテナ地板８に一体的に形成され、第２のリブ１４が第２のアンテナ地板１２に一体的に形成された構成を例示したが、導電性の金属部材がアンテナ地板上に後付けで設けられ、その金属部材がアンテナ地板と電気的に接続された構成でも良い。
第１の実施形態では、２個のパッチアンテナが積層された構成を例示したが、３個以上のパッチアンテナが積層された構成でも良い。 (Other embodiments)
The present invention is not limited to those exemplified in the above-described embodiment, and can be arbitrarily modified or expanded without departing from the scope thereof.
Although the structure mounted in a vehicle was illustrated, the structure applied for uses other than a vehicle may be sufficient.
In the first embodiment, the configuration in which the first rib 13 is formed integrally with the first antenna ground plate 8 and the second rib 14 is formed integrally with the second antenna ground plate 12 is exemplified. The conductive metal member may be retrofitted on the antenna ground plate, and the metal member may be electrically connected to the antenna ground plate.
In the first embodiment, a configuration in which two patch antennas are stacked is illustrated, but a configuration in which three or more patch antennas are stacked may be used.

図面中、１，３１は衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置、２，３，３２はアンテナ（パッチアンテナ）、５，９，３４は誘電体、６，１０，３５はアンテナエレメント、８，１２，３９はアンテナ地板、８ａ，１２ａ，３８ａは上面部（平面部）、１３，１４，２３，２４はリブ、３７は外側部、３８は内側部、１３ａ，１４ａ，２３ａ，２４ａ，３７ａは上面部（同電位部）である。   In the drawings, reference numerals 1 and 31 denote satellite radio wave receiving antenna devices, reference numerals 2 and 3 and 32 denote antennas (patch antennas), reference numerals 5, 9 and 34 denote dielectrics, reference numerals 6, 10 and 35 denote antenna elements, Antenna base plate, 8a, 12a, 38a are upper surface portions (planar portions), 13, 14, 23, 24 are ribs, 37 are outer portions, 38 are inner portions, and 13a, 14a, 23a, 24a, 37a are upper surface portions (same as above). Potential part).

Claims (7)

誘電体（５，９，３４）上に平面形状のアンテナエレメント（６，１０，３５）が設けられたパッチアンテナ（２，３，３２）と、平面部（８ａ，１２ａ，３８ａ）を有するアンテナ地板（８，１２，３９）と、を備え、前記パッチアンテナが前記アンテナ地板上に設けられた衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置（１，３１）において、
外形のサイズが前記アンテナエレメントよりも小さく形成され、前記アンテナエレメントの周方向の少なくとも一部であって前記アンテナエレメントと垂直方向で重ならない位置で且つ前記平面部の面上よりも前記アンテナエレメント側に近い部位に設けられ、前記アンテナ地板と同電位の同電位部（１３ａ，１４ａ，２３ａ，２４ａ，３７ａ）を備えた衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置。 An antenna having a patch antenna (2, 3, 32) provided with planar antenna elements (6, 10, 35) on a dielectric (5, 9, 34) and a planar portion (8a, 12a, 38a). A satellite radio wave receiving antenna device (1, 31) provided with a ground plane (8, 12, 39), wherein the patch antenna is provided on the antenna ground plane;
The size of the outer shape is smaller than the antenna element, is at least a part in the circumferential direction of the antenna element and does not overlap with the antenna element in the vertical direction, and is closer to the antenna element than on the plane of the plane portion A satellite radio wave receiving antenna device provided with a potential portion (13a, 14a, 23a, 24a, 37a) having the same potential as that of the antenna base plate. 請求項１に記載した衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置において、
前記パッチアンテナと前記アンテナ地板との組が複数であり、前記複数のパッチアンテナが積層され、
上層の前記パッチアンテナ（３）は、下層の前記パッチアンテナ（２）の前記アンテナエレメント（６）をアンテナ地板（１２）として動作する衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置。 In the satellite radio wave receiving antenna device according to claim 1,
There are a plurality of sets of the patch antenna and the antenna ground plane, and the plurality of patch antennas are laminated,
The patch antenna (3) in the upper layer is a satellite radio wave receiving antenna device that operates using the antenna element (6) of the patch antenna (2) in the lower layer as an antenna ground plane (12). 請求項２に記載した衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置において、
下層の前記パッチアンテナの前記誘電体の誘電率は上層の前記パッチアンテナの前記誘電体の誘電率よりも大きい衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置。 The satellite radio wave receiving antenna device according to claim 2,
A satellite radio wave receiving antenna device in which a dielectric constant of the dielectric of the lower patch antenna is larger than a dielectric constant of the dielectric of the upper patch antenna. 請求項１から３の何れか一項に記載した衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置において、
前記同電位部（１３ａ，１４ａ，３７ａ）は、前記アンテナエレメントの全周に亘って設けられている衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置。 The satellite radio wave receiving antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The satellite potential receiving antenna device is provided with the same potential portion (13a, 14a, 37a) over the entire circumference of the antenna element. 請求項１から３の何れか一項に記載した衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置において、
車両に搭載可能に構成され、
前記同電位部（２３ａ，２４ａ）は、車両に搭載された状態で当該車両の前後方向となる前記アンテナエレメントの周方向の対向する部位に設けられている衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置。 The satellite radio wave receiving antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Configured to be mounted on a vehicle,
The same potential portion (23a, 24a) is a satellite radio wave receiving antenna device provided in a circumferentially opposed portion of the antenna element that is in the front-rear direction of the vehicle when mounted on the vehicle. 請求項４又は５に記載した衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置において、
前記アンテナ地板は、前記平面部（８ａ，１２ａ）を有する平面形状により構成され、
前記同電位部（１３ａ，１４ａ，２３ａ，２４ａ）は、前記平面部の面上から突出したリブ（１３，１４，２３，２４）の上面部により構成されている衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置（１）。 The satellite radio wave receiving antenna device according to claim 4 or 5,
The antenna ground plane is constituted by a planar shape having the planar portion (8a, 12a),
The same potential portion (13a, 14a, 23a, 24a) is a satellite radio wave receiving antenna device (1) constituted by the upper surface portion of ribs (13, 14, 23, 24) protruding from the surface of the flat portion. ). 請求項５に記載した衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置において、
前記アンテナ地板は、外側部（３７）から凹んだ内側部（３８）に前記平面部（３８ａ）を有する凹形状により構成され、
前記同電位部（３７ａ）は、前記外側部の上面部により構成されている衛星電波受信用アンテナ装置（３１）。 The satellite radio wave receiving antenna device according to claim 5,
The antenna ground plane is configured by a concave shape having the planar portion (38a) on the inner portion (38) recessed from the outer portion (37),
The equipotential portion (37a) is a satellite radio wave receiving antenna device (31) configured by an upper surface portion of the outer portion.
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