JP6492121B2 - Merchant vessels capable of navigating in icy waters and their operation - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a merchant ship capable of navigating in a frozen sea area and a method for operating the same .

The Arctic waters and waters adjacent thereto, under the influence of being affected or excessively cold ice, especially in winter October to March, the ship structure or equipment, on the maneuvering safety, safety crew It is difficult to navigate merchant ships for the safety of cargo. Then, with a special structure that corresponds to the icy waters, warships and shipborne or icebreaker is enough to sail.

For example, sailing on the Baltic coast, the St. Lawrence River, the Great Lakes region, or the Sea of Japan / Siberia coastal area, even if not in the Arctic Ocean, may cause damage to the hull and propeller, or jammed ice and thin There is a risk of being trapped in the ice sea under the influence of ice freezing.

  Therefore, the ice class is defined, the classes of PC1 to PC7 are shown in IACS URI (Polar Class), and IASuper, IA, IB, IC, and II are shown in FSICR (Finish Swedish Ice Class Rules).

  In merchant ships, a Barbus bow is formed in order to reduce wave resistance. In a ship having this type of barbasse bow, a device for advancing the ice sea is described in Patent Document 1, for example.

WO2015 / 029154

  However, although the ship of the prior art document does not disclose a means for obtaining a propulsive force, it is considered that the ship is propelled only by a normal service propeller.

On the other hand, in order to safely navigate the early frozen sea area, normal sea area, jammed floating ice area, and ice block floating area by using the current propeller of a general merchant ship and its diesel main engine, the diesel engine in that voyage area is safe. The application range is excessively wide, and overall energy efficiency (fuel consumption) is low, and there are safety issues.
In other words, in general merchant ships, the diesel main engine that drives its regular propeller is defined on the premise that the diesel main engine sails at a relatively high speed in a sea area that is unrelated to ice. For example, it is assumed that the entire navigation process is run at an output of 85 to 90% MCR.

In order to navigate the floating ice sea area and the ice block floating sea area by driving the normal propeller by the diesel main engine and using only the normal propeller, the safety of the diesel main engine is 20% to It is necessary to operate with an output of about 30% MCR.
As a result, the diesel main engine must be used inefficiently, and a fatal problem remains for merchant ships competing for total energy efficiency (fuel consumption).
Further, in floating ice sea areas or ice lump floating sea areas, it is necessary to sail at a low operating speed. If you are going to sail with a regular propeller only in a floating ice area or ice block floating area, the normal propeller is supposed to sail at a relatively high speed, so it is not suitable for speed adjustment in a wide range. There are many problems in terms.

  Therefore, a main problem of the present invention is to provide a safe navigation in an iced sea area and a method for operating a merchant ship having a high overall energy efficiency (low fuel consumption) without impairing the energy efficiency in a normal sea area.

  The typical embodiments of the present invention that have solved the above problems are as follows.

  The present invention is directed to merchant ships. As merchant ships, in addition to general cargo ships, container ships, crude oil tankers, chemical ships, ore ships, coal ships, LNG ships, LPG ships, car carriers, bulk carriers, etc. are applicable.

The merchant ship operating method of the present invention is a merchant ship having a barbus bow at the bow, an additional propeller disposed at the bottom of the ship, and an additional propeller driving means.
The merchant ship is in an empty ship state and is disposed at a position where the service propeller and the additional propeller can provide thrust,
When navigating the frozen sea area, with the water line where the lower part of the Barbasse bow is on the sea surface or the upper surface of the ice,
Of the normal propeller and the additional propeller, at least the additional propeller is mainly used for navigation.
In addition, the above-mentioned common propeller can also be used at the time of ice breaking.

If the ship sails at high speed in the frozen sea area, the hull may be damaged if it collides with ice. Therefore, it is necessary to navigate at low speed. If you use a regular propeller that is driven by the main engine to navigate at low speeds, the main engine that was originally selected on the premise of sailing at a predetermined high speed in the general sea area is suitable for low speeds. Since it drives to become an output, energy efficiency is bad.
On the other hand, according to the present invention, when navigating in an iced sea area, if an additional propeller is used for navigation, a small size is sufficient as an additional propeller driving means for the additional propeller, and the vehicle can be operated with high efficiency overall. .

The output of the additional propeller driving means is, for example, 15 to 45% MCR (Maximum Continuous Rating) of the output of the main engine, more preferably 20 to 35% MCR.
In a general sea area that is not a frozen sea area , in order to sail at a relatively fast speed , for example, 15 to 19 knots, it is possible to travel at a higher speed by rotating a service propeller. For this reason, a high output is required as the output of the main engine.
On the other hand, it is necessary to navigate at low speeds in frozen sea areas (at high speeds, the hull may be damaged by collision with ice). The navigation speed is 5 knots or less, more preferably 3 knots or less.
Accordingly, the output of the additional propeller drive means for driving the additional propeller for performing sailing at low speed, 15 to 45% MCR of the output of the main engine is desirable.
In timing albeit at frozen waters not frozen (leading early or ice is loosened timing to freezing), can not be completely eliminate the risk of collision between the ice, than rotating the conventional propeller drives the additional propeller It is preferable to sail at low speed.

In a state where the ice has been frozen over a wide area so that the route cannot be found, or not thickly frozen, but in the freezing area but no freezing or loose freezing (although it reaches freezing, it is the "initial freezing" or freezing) The advantages of the present invention become apparent when sailing at low speeds, primarily using additional propellers.
“Initial freezing” refers to ice that has not exceeded one winter season. The merchant ship according to the present invention can safely sail in the “early freezing” freezing area.

The additional propeller driving means includes a mechanical type or an electric type, and an electric type is preferable. A generator that generates electricity by driving the main engine can be used. Electricity from the auxiliary generator can also be used as the driving means.
The additional propeller is preferably a variable pitch propeller. Large adjustment range of the rotational driving force, a large advantage in that it is possible to continuously adjust and fine adjustment of the driving force.

A mode is proposed in which the additional propeller is arranged at the bottom of the ship at a position in front of the service propeller, and can be selected from an overhanging state and an inboard state.
In the case not using the additional propeller (for example, when navigating general waters), because the keep the state of being overhanging overboard becomes resistive, it is desirable to draw the ship.

  In the state of loading at times other than the freezing period, or when navigating in the general sea area, the propeller is driven mainly for propulsion.

  The additional propeller can be rotatable about a vertical axis. In the operation of the additional propeller, the maneuvering (direction) can be improved by appropriately rotating the additional propeller around the vertical axis.

  The additional propeller can be a ducted propeller. When a duct propeller is used as the additional propeller, a relatively large thrust can be obtained even if it is small.

  When navigating in the frozen sea area, the lower part of the Barbasse bow can be navigated so that the ice breaks and is swept to the side.

It is desirable that the double bottom structure of the cargo section behind the watertight bow bulkhead extends to the lower part of the Barbasse bow ahead of the bow bulkhead.
A merchant ship generally has a double bottom structure in order to receive a cargo load behind the watertight bow bulkhead, but it does not have a double bottom structure ahead of the bow bulkhead. However, when sailing in an iced sea area, it is assumed that it will collide with or run on ice, so in order to have enough strength to withstand this, the double bottom structure of the cargo part behind the bow bulkhead is It is desirable to extend to the lower part of the more forward Barbusbau.

  An additional ballast tank is provided in front of the watertight bow bulkhead, and the ballast water is added to the ballast tank during ice breaking to increase the weight on the bow side. After riding on the ice, the ballast water is added to the ballast tank. Ice can be crushed by weight and the ability to break ice can be increased.

In addition to providing a double bottom structure for the lower part of the Barbassau with an inner plate in front of the watertight bow bulkhead and above the bottom plate, another inner plate is provided between the bottom plate and the inner plate. It can also be a bottom structure.

  When the double-bottom structure or the triple-bottom structure is filled with a filler such as mortar, for example, impact resistance when colliding with ice or bending resistance of the outer plate when riding on ice is increased.

As shown in FIG. 1, the operation in the empty ship state is a position where the water line 18 is located below the uppermost inner plate of the double bottom structure or the triple bottom structure and is in contact with the sea surface or the ice top surface in the ice sea area. It is desirable to be in
In this case, it is desirable to fill a reinforcing filler such as mortar between the uppermost inner plate and the ship bottom outer plate of the double bottom structure or the triple bottom structure. For the purpose of reinforcement, the filler is preferably filled in contact with at least the ship bottom skin.
A merchant ship having such a double-bottom structure or triple-bottom structure has a draft line in the empty ship state at the bottom of the Barbasse bow, that is, in front of the fore bulkhead, and at the top of the double-bottom structure or triple-bottom structure. The reason why it is desirable to operate in a state of being located below the board is as follows.

First, since the lower part of the barbassau is reinforced by the inner plate constituting the double bottom structure or the triple bottom structure, the outboard plate is prevented from being damaged by contact with ice.
Second, even if the bottom plate of the ship is damaged due to contact with ice, it will not cause damage to the bow bulkhead, which is extremely high in strength. .
Thirdly, when a reinforcing filler such as mortar is filled between the uppermost inner plate of the double bottom structure or the triple bottom structure and the ship bottom outer plate, due to the presence of the inner plate and the filler, The strength of the lower part of Barbus Bau is increased, and the risk of breakage due to collision with ice can be reduced.
In an aspect in which a reinforcing filler such as mortar is filled, from the above viewpoint, it is optimal that the water line is in front of the bow bulkhead when operating in the frozen sea area.

On the other hand, according to the present invention, the merchant ship has a barbus bow at the bow, a service propeller driven by the main engine at the stern, and an additional propeller arranged at the bottom of the ship and the additional propeller drive means. And
The merchant ship is in an empty ship state and is disposed at a position where the service propeller and the additional propeller can provide thrust,
The cargo part has a double bottom structure in which an inner bottom plate is provided inward of the ship bottom outer plate, and the bow inner plate is provided at the position of the inner bottom plate in the double bottom structure of the cargo part in front of the bow bulkhead, And a ballast tank is formed above the bow inner plate,
It is possible to provide a merchant ship characterized in that a reinforcing filler is filled between the inner plate and the Barbusbau vessel bottom outer plate in contact with at least the vessel bottom outer plate .

  As described above, according to the present invention, a merchant ship can be operated with high navigation energy efficiency in an frozen sea area.

It is a front view of the example of the whole merchant ship which showed together the draft line at the time of the voyage in an icy sea area. It is a schematic diagram of an additional propeller and its drive means. It is a cross-sectional view of a merchant ship. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows a Barbus bow. It is a view from the bottom of Barbus Bau. It is a 5-5 line arrow directional view. It is a 6-6 line arrow directional view. It is a top view in the bottom part of Barbusubau. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the other filling aspect of a filler. It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement | positioning aspect of another additional propeller. It is a front view of the example of the whole merchant ship which showed together the draft line at the time of the loading voyage in a general sea area. It is a front view of the example of the whole merchant ship which showed together the draft line at the time of empty voyage in a general sea area.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a ship according to the present invention, for example, a merchant ship 10 for cargo purposes, such as a cargo ship (the illustrated example shows an ore carrier ship). The merchant ship 10 is driven by a main propeller (main propeller) 11 by a main engine (main engine) 12 such as a diesel engine to obtain a propulsive force.

The merchant ship 10 has a barbus bow 13 for reducing wave resistance at its bow. A well-known example can be adopted as the shape of this barbbas.
The merchant ship 10 shown in the figure is a cargo ship having a cargo compartment for cargo R, and is an example having five cargo compartments, for example. The cargo compartments are partitioned by the transverse bulkhead 14 in the captain direction. Further, the foremost cargo compartment is defined by a bow bulkhead (watertight bulkhead) 15F, and the rearmost cargo compartment is defined by a stern bulkhead (watertight bulkhead) 15B.
A bridge 16 is provided on the stern side. Reference numeral 17 denotes a rudder.

Reference numeral 18 shown in FIG. 1 is a draft line for navigating the frozen sea area in an unloaded state, the bow direction is shallow, and the stern portion is in a deep “toe” state.
As shown in FIG. 10, the loaded water line 18A is deep.
As shown in FIG. 11, the normal water line when ballast water is put into the left and right ballast tanks BT in the non-freezing sea area in an empty state is, for example, the position of 18B.

As also referred to in FIG. 2, the ship is provided with an additional propeller 20 and an additional propeller driving means 22. As the additional propeller 20, for example, a duct propeller 21 provided with a propeller in a duct can be used.
The additional propeller 20 is arranged at a position different from that of the regular propeller 11 at the bottom of the ship.
In this case, that is, it is desirable to be provided at the stern side position from the middle, but as shown in FIG. 9, the additional propeller 20A may be provided at the bow side position from the middle. In this case, it can be installed together with the additional propeller 20 at the stern side position, but the additional propeller 20A can also be installed only at the bow side position from the middle.

The output of the additional propeller drive means 22 of the additional propeller 20 is preferably 15 to 45% MCR, more preferably 20 to 35% MCR of the output of the drive means of the main engine 12.
Then, it is possible to select a normal operation state in which the propeller 11 is driven to obtain a propulsive force, an operation state in which the additional propeller 21 is driven to obtain a propulsive force, and an operation state in which both are driven, for example, riding on ice. Has been.

The additional propeller drive means 22 may be an electric motor, a hydraulic motor, or the like, and may be electrically connected to the main engine (main engine) 12 to obtain a driving force if necessary.
In particular, it is optimal to drive the generator by the main machine (main engine) 12 and rotate the electric motor to rotate the main propeller and the additional propeller 20.

In this example, the rotational driving force of the output shaft 23 by the driving means 22 is transmitted to the vertical axis 25 via a pair of bevel gears 24, and the propeller drive shaft 27 is transmitted via a pair of bevel gears 26 provided on the vertical axis 25. The duct propeller 21 having the duct 21A around the propeller is rotated.
On the other hand, the rotational driving force of the transmission shaft 28 by the driving means 22 is transmitted to the driving small gear 29 and the large gear 30 meshing therewith, so that the duct propeller 21 can rotate about the vertical axis 25.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the equipment including the duct propeller 21 below the ship bottom skin 10A is in a state of projecting out of the ship bottom skin 10A. A retractable structure is preferred. 10a is a shielding member that closes after being pulled into the ship.

  A merchant ship 10 having such a ship structure is at the time of loading (loading) the cargo R, and during a voyage in a general sea area (sea area where the sea is not frozen) or when it is not frozen, as shown in FIG. In the draft state close to the plan full draft, the main propeller 12 drives the regular propeller 11 to operate.

Passes through the Arctic waters and waters adjacent thereto, and ports of call, after unloading, inter alia weather calm day, or in the calm sea waves, and excessively strict per voyage stability during the ship Since there is little necessity, it is made to drive | work with the small additional propeller 20 in the state which lowered the waterline like the case of FIG. In this case, the traveling direction of the ship can be selected as appropriate, and the bow and stern are monitored by the bridge 16 according to the traveling direction of the ship. For example, in addition to proceeding in the bow direction as shown in FIG. 1, it can proceed in the stern direction as shown in FIG. FIG. 9 shows an example in which a small additional propeller 20A is provided on the bow side from the middle of the hull.

As a result, by lowering the waterline, the apparent amount of drainage is reduced, the contact area of the outer plate with the water is reduced, the waterline area coefficient can be improved, and the effect of reducing fuel consumption is great. Become.
Further, since the small additional propeller 20 is driven, the output of the additional propeller driving means 22 is small, and the fuel consumption is also considered from the viewpoint of navigation at an output of about 15 to 45% MCR of the output of the driving means of the main engine 12. The effect of reducing is large. A running speed of about 5 to 10 knots is sufficient on a mild day (0 to 3 on the Beaufort scale).

When the ship departs after full loading of cargo R and shifts to normal voyage, the propeller 11 is driven or used in combination and sailed in deep draft.
Further, when the weather is bad, even if it is an empty ship, for example, ballast water is applied to the ballast tanks BT provided on the left and right sides of the cargo compartment in FIG. 3, for example, the water line 18B shown in FIG. In the state, it can be made to run with the small additional propeller 20 or the regular propeller 11.

  If the duct propeller 21 is rotatable around the vertical axis, the duct propeller 21 can be driven and propelled in the stern direction according to the required operating state.

  When the duct propeller 21 is rotatable around the vertical axis 25 (vertical axis), the steering function can be added by appropriately rotating the additional propeller around the vertical axis in the combined operation of the additional propeller and the normal propeller. It is possible to improve the maneuvering (direction). In addition, it can be used as a slide thruster by turning it sideways when the ship berths.

  Further, the propulsion direction by the duct propeller 21 can be the bow direction. Therefore, a propeller anti-spinning device 11A for preventing rotation of the service propeller 11 can be provided.

  If necessary, the duct propellers 21 can be provided on the left and right sides of the center line of the ship. The maneuverability can be enhanced by the rotation of the left and right duct propellers 21 and 21 around the vertical axis. Moreover, when used as a side thruster, berthing becomes even easier.

In the present invention, the merchant ship 10 can also navigate an frozen sea area.
For this reason, various measures are taken.

One of the measures of the rear cargo section than the collision bulkhead 15F for watertight, the double bottom structure of the inner bottom plate 10B provided inwardly of the bottom shell 10A, and extends in the lower portion of the front of the bulbous bow 13, What has the double bottom structure by 10C of inner plates, and 10A of ship bottom outer plates is desirable.
The conventional merchant ship 10 has a double bottom structure behind the watertight bow bulkhead 15F in order to receive a load, but the front of the bow bulkhead 15F is not a double bottom structure.
However, when sailing in an iced sea area, it is assumed that the ice collides with or climbs onto the ice, so that the double bottom structure of the cargo part behind the bow bulkhead 15F has a It is desirable to extend to the lower part of the barbus bow 13.

An additional, for example, FRP ballast tank 38 for charging and discharging ballast water is provided in front of the watertight bow bulkhead 15F. After climbing on ice during ice breaking, the ballast water is charged into the ballast tank 38. Then, it can be used for breaking ice by increasing the weight on the bow side.
Thereby, the ice breaking ability can be increased.
In the illustrated example, the ballast tank 38 is provided above the inner bottom plate extending portion 10C. If necessary, a ballast tank 39 can be provided further upward.

Further, in the embodiment, by providing the inner bottom extending portion 10C, in order to obtain a higher strength with but it is aimed reinforcement, Ru further comprising the flooding accident from bottom panel C, the inner plate 10C A reinforcing horizontal partition plate 10D can be provided between the outer bottom plate 10A and the ship bottom outer plate 10A to form a triple bottom structure.

Moreover, it can be set as the structure which filled the filler 32, such as mortar, below the ice-breaking tank 38 (refer FIG . 4 , FIG. 8). If the bottom of the ballast tank is filled with a filling material 32 such as mortar, for example, impact resistance when colliding with ice or impact resistance when riding on ice is increased.

The filling position of the filling material 32 only needs to be above the ship bottom skin 10A, and as shown in FIG. 8, in addition to between the ship bottom skin 10A and the reinforcing horizontal partition plate 10D, as shown in FIG. The filler 32 can be filled up to the inner plate 10C . Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the filler 32 can be filled up to the upper side of the inner plate 10C .
The filling of the filler 32 not only increases the impact resistance of the ship bottom skin 10A, but also the weight of the filler 32 itself increases the ice breaking ability.
As the filler, other fillers can be used as long as they are in direct contact with and cover the ship bottom skin 10A instead of mortar. As the filler, for example, various inorganic fillers, metal fillers such as castings, plastic fillers, or fillers combining these can be used.

When navigating in an icy sea area or a sea area adjacent to it, the strength of the lower part of the barbusbau 13 is improved, and it may collide with ice unexpectedly.
Therefore, as shown in the figure, an additional bottom transformer 33T, a bottom longitudinal 33L, a vertical frame 34, a punching stringer 35, a vertical frame 36, a breast, and the like are connected between the ship bottom outer plate 10A and the inner bottom plate extending portion 10C. It is desirable to provide a hook 37 or the like.

According to the present invention, in addition to general cargo ships, commercial ships such as container ships, crude oil tankers, chemical ships, ore ships, coal ships, LNG ships, LPG ships, car carriers, bulk carriers, etc. It is possible to stably carry out voyages in the sea area, or voyages in the frozen sea area but not frozen. As a result, the economic value is extremely high because it is possible to sail on the shortest course instead of making a detour to avoid freezing.
For example, it is possible to navigate between the North Pacific and the North Atlantic via the Arctic Ocean. In particular, the ability to pass through the Arctic Ocean, where the freezing area tends to decrease with the recent global warming, has great economic effects.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Ship 10A ... Ship bottom outer plate 10B ... Inner bottom plate 10C ... Inner plate 10C
10D ... Reinforcing horizontal partition plate 11 ... Regular propeller ( main propeller )
12 ... Main machine (main engine)
20 ... Additional propeller 21 ... Duct propeller 22 ... Additional propeller drive means 32 ... Filler

Claims (9)

It has a barbus bow at the bow, a service propeller driven by the main engine at the stern, an additional propeller arranged at the bottom of the ship and a merchant ship operating method having the additional propeller drive means,
The merchant ship is in an empty ship state and is disposed at a position where the service propeller and the additional propeller can provide thrust,
Has a double bottom structure cargo unit has an inner bottom plate provided inside of bottom panel, forward of the collision bulkhead, bow section plate provided at a position of the inner bottom plate in the double bottom structure of the cargo unit And forming a ballast tank above the bow inner plate ,
Between the inner plate and the Barbusbau ship bottom outer plate, at least in contact with the ship bottom outer plate is filled with a reinforcing filler .
When navigating the frozen sea area, with the water line where the lower part of the Barbasse bow is on the sea surface or the upper surface of the ice,
A method for operating a merchant ship, wherein at least one of the regular propeller and the additional propeller is used for navigation.   2. The merchant ship operating method according to claim 1, wherein the output of the additional propeller driving means is 15 to 45% (20 to 35%) MCR of the output of the main engine.   2. The merchant ship operating method according to claim 1, wherein the additional propeller is disposed on the bottom of the ship at a position in front of the service propeller and can be selected from an outboard state and a retracted state into the ship.   The method for operating a merchant ship according to claim 1, wherein the service propeller is mainly driven and propelled in a loaded state at a time other than the freezing period.   The merchant ship operating method according to claim 1, wherein the additional propeller is rotatable around a vertical axis.   The merchant ship operating method according to claim 1, wherein the additional propeller is a duct propeller.   The method of operating a merchant ship according to claim 1, wherein when navigating in an iced sea area, the lower part of the Barbasse bow breaks ice and flushes it to the side. A merchant ship having a barbus bow at the bow, a service propeller driven by the main engine at the stern, an additional propeller arranged at the bottom of the ship and an additional propeller drive means,
The merchant ship is in an empty ship state and is disposed at a position where the service propeller and the additional propeller can provide thrust,
The cargo part has a double bottom structure in which an inner bottom plate is provided inward of the ship bottom outer plate, and the bow inner plate is provided at the position of the inner bottom plate in the double bottom structure of the cargo part in front of the bow bulkhead, And a ballast tank is formed above the bow inner plate,
A merchant ship characterized in that a reinforcing filler is filled between the inner plate and the barbusbau vessel bottom outer plate in contact with at least the vessel bottom outer plate . The merchant ship according to claim 8 , wherein the merchant ship has a triple bottom structure between the inner plate and the Barbassau vessel bottom outer plate .

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