JP6487009B2 - Control method for three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus, control method for three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus, and control program for three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a control method for a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus, a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus, and a control program for the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus.

  In the above technical field, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of measuring the shape of a layer and the shape of a shaped layered object with a camera.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-85547

  However, in the technique described in the above document, the shape of the model can be measured, but the quality of the three-dimensional layered object cannot be estimated in real time during the modeling of the three-dimensional layered object. A three-dimensional layered object could not be formed.

  The objective of this invention is providing the technique which solves the above-mentioned subject.

In order to achieve the above object, a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention
Material injection means for injecting the material of the three-dimensional layered object on a modeling table on which the three-dimensional layered object is formed;
A light irradiation means for irradiating the injected material with light;
Data acquisition means for acquiring monitoring data for monitoring the modeling state of the three-dimensional layered object during modeling of the three-dimensional layered object,
Based on the monitoring data, modeling quality estimation means for estimating modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object,
With
The monitoring data includes a molten pool temperature, characteristic data of light from the molten pool , and a molten pool diameter ,
The modeling quality estimation means estimates the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object from a combination of a change in the molten pool temperature, a change in the characteristic data of the light, and a change in the diameter of the molten pool .

In order to achieve the above object, a method for controlling a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes:
A material injection step of injecting a material of the three-dimensional layered object on a modeling table on which the three-dimensional layered object is formed;
A light irradiation step for irradiating the injected material with light;
A data acquisition step for acquiring monitoring data for monitoring a modeling state of the three-dimensional layered object during modeling of the three-dimensional layered object,
Based on the monitoring data, a modeling quality estimation step for estimating the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object,
Including
The monitoring data includes a molten pool temperature, characteristic data of light from the molten pool , and a molten pool diameter ,
In the modeling quality estimation step, the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object is estimated from a combination of a change in the molten pool temperature, a change in the light characteristic data, and a change in the molten pool diameter .

In order to achieve the above object, a control program for a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is:
A material injection step of injecting a material of the three-dimensional layered object on a modeling table on which the three-dimensional layered object is formed;
A light irradiation step of irradiating the material with light;
A data acquisition step for acquiring monitoring data for monitoring a modeling state of the three-dimensional layered object during modeling of the three-dimensional layered object,
Based on the monitoring data, a modeling quality estimation step for estimating the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object,
To the computer,
The monitoring data includes a molten pool temperature, characteristic data of light from the molten pool , and a molten pool diameter ,
In the modeling quality estimation step, the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object is estimated from a combination of a change in the molten pool temperature, a change in the light characteristic data, and a change in the molten pool diameter .

  According to the present invention, a highly accurate three-dimensional layered object can be formed.

It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the three-dimensional layered modeling apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the three-dimensional layered modeling apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the change of the monitoring data acquired by the three-dimensional layered modeling apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention, modeling quality, and a modeling parameter.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be exemplarily described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the configuration, numerical values, process flow, functional elements, and the like described in the following embodiments are merely examples, and modifications and changes are free, and the technical scope of the present invention is described in the following description. It is not intended to be limited.

[First Embodiment]
A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 100 as a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 100 is an apparatus that forms a three-dimensional additive object by injecting a material 130 onto the forming table 120 and irradiating the injected material 130 with a light beam 140.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 100 includes a material injection unit 101, a light beam irradiation unit 102, a data acquisition unit 103, and a modeling quality estimation unit 104. The material injection unit 101 injects the material 130 of the three-dimensional layered object on the modeling table 120 on which the three-dimensional layered object is formed. The light beam irradiation unit 102 irradiates the material 130 with a light beam 140. The data acquisition unit 103 acquires monitoring data for monitoring the modeling state of the three-dimensional layered object during modeling of the three-dimensional layered object. The modeling quality estimation unit 104 estimates the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object based on the monitoring data.

  According to the present embodiment, since the quality of the three-dimensional layered object can be estimated in real time during the modeling of the three-dimensional layered object, a highly accurate three-dimensional layered object can be formed.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment.

  The three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 200 includes a nozzle 201, a light beam irradiation unit 202, a camera 203, a sensor 204, a modeling quality estimation unit 205, a modeling parameter estimation unit 206, and a modeling parameter control unit 207.

  The nozzle 201 injects metal powder, resin powder, or the like, which is the material 230 of the three-dimensional layered object, onto the modeling table 220. Then, the material 230 is irradiated with a light beam 240 such as a laser beam emitted from the light beam irradiation unit 202 from the opening of the tip portion of the nozzle 201. The material 230 irradiated with the light beam 240 such as a laser beam or an electron beam is melted by the heat applied from the light beam 240 to form a molten pool 250 (molten pool).

  The camera 203 is disposed on the axis of the nozzle 201 and is an imaging device that captures an image (video) of the molten pool 250. Based on the image of the molten pool 250 captured by the camera 203, for example, the diameter of the molten pool 250 (the molten pool diameter), the temperature of the molten pool 250, and the like can be detected. The sensor 204 detects the reflected light level such as the brightness and intensity of the reflected light of the light beam 240 such as the laser light from the molten pool 250. The sensor 204 also detects the plasma light wavelength that is the wavelength of the plasma light emitted from the molten pool 250.

  The melt pool diameter detected by the camera 203, the reflected light level detected by the sensor 204, and the plasma light wavelength are monitoring data, all of which are data detected during additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing object. The monitoring data is also data for monitoring the modeling state of the three-dimensional layered object.

  The modeling quality estimation unit 205 estimates the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object. The modeling quality is estimated based on the monitoring data, and the monitoring data includes at least one of the melt pool diameter, the reflected light level, and the plasma light wavelength. However, the data included in the monitoring data is not limited to these, and may be any data as long as it can be detected during modeling of the three-dimensional layered object.

  The modeling quality estimated by the modeling quality estimation unit 205 includes at least one of a material structure, a stacking width, and a stacking height, but the modeling quality is not limited to these. Then, the modeling quality estimation unit 205 indirectly estimates the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object based on the monitoring data.

  There is also a method for determining the modeling quality by cutting the completed three-dimensional layered object and inspecting the cut section. However, in the method of checking the modeling quality by cutting such a completed three-dimensional layered object, it is necessary to execute the layered modeling of the three-dimensional layered object again after checking the modeling quality. In such a method, the material 230 is wasted, and further, since it is necessary to form a three-dimensional layered object once again, it takes time until a finished product of the three-dimensional layered object is completed.

  On the other hand, since the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object can be estimated by the modeling quality estimation unit 205 based on the monitoring data during the layered modeling of the three-dimensional layered object, the material 230 can be estimated. There is no waste. Furthermore, a three-dimensional layered object having a desired quality can be formed in a short time.

  The modeling parameter estimation unit 206 estimates modeling parameters necessary for modeling the three-dimensional layered object. The modeling parameter is estimated based on the monitoring data. The modeling parameter estimated by the modeling parameter estimation unit 206 includes at least one of a material supply amount, a shield gas supply amount, a light beam output, and a material purity. The material supply amount is the supply amount of the material 230 of the three-dimensional layered object. The shield gas supply amount is the supply amount of the shield gas, and the shield gas is a gas supplied to prevent the material 230 from being oxidized. The light beam output is an output (power) of a light beam 240 such as a laser beam. The material purity is the material of the material 230, and relates to the type of the material 230 such as metal or resin.

  The modeling parameter control unit 207 controls the modeling parameters necessary for modeling the three-dimensional layered object based on the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object estimated by the modeling quality estimation unit 205. Further, the modeling parameter control unit 207 controls modeling parameters necessary for modeling the three-dimensional layered object based on the acquired monitoring data.

  FIG. 3 is a relationship diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between a change in monitoring data acquired by the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment, a modeling quality, and a modeling parameter. For example, the modeling quality estimation unit 205 refers to the relationship diagram 300 and estimates a change in the modeling quality 302 based on a change in the monitoring data 301 or the like. Similarly, the modeling parameter estimation unit 206 refers to the relationship diagram 300 and estimates a change in the modeling parameter 303 based on a change in the monitoring data 301 or the like.

  In the relationship diagram 300, the monitoring data 301, the modeling quality 302, and the modeling parameter 303 can all be grasped as numerical data, and the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 200 is automatically based on these numerical data. Changes in the modeling quality 302, changes in the modeling parameter 303, and the like are determined. In the relationship diagram 300, the degree of change is expressed by an expression representing a state such as “decrease” or “no change”, but the degree of change can also be expressed numerically.

  As shown in the relationship diagram 300, (1) in the monitoring data 301, when “reflected light level” increases and “melt pool diameter” and “plasma light wavelength” do not change, “ It can be seen that the “lamination width” does not change. And it turns out that "material quality" deteriorates (roughens) and "stacking height" decreases.

  Furthermore, with respect to the modeling parameter 303, it can be seen that the “material supply amount” decreases. That is, the decrease in the “material supply amount” means that the amount of material such as metal powder contained in the material supply gas is reduced, and the amount of light that blocks the reflected light from the molten pool 250 is reduced accordingly. The “reflected light level” increases. Therefore, in this case, the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 200 controls the material supply amount to be increased in the modeling parameter 303.

  In contrast, “melt pool diameter” and “plasma light wavelength” do not change. The reason why the “melt pool diameter” does not change is that the spot diameter of the light beam 240 such as a laser beam does not depend on the material supply amount. The reason why the “plasma light wavelength” does not change is that even if the amount of the material 230 to be supplied is increased or decreased, the wavelength of the plasma light emitted from the molten pool 250 does not change unless the material 230 is changed. Because.

  Next, (2) in the monitoring data 301, when the “reflected light level” decreases and the “melt pool diameter” and the “plasma light wavelength” do not change, the “material structure” of the modeling quality 302 deteriorates ( (Oxidation). It can be seen that the “lamination width” and the “lamination height” do not change.

  Further, regarding the modeling parameter 303, it can be seen that the supply amount of “shield gas” is decreased. That is, the decrease in the supply amount of “shield gas” means that the supply amount of gas for preventing oxidation of the material 230 decreases, so that the oxidation of the material 230 proceeds and the surface of the material 230 becomes black. A light beam 240 such as a laser beam is absorbed. Therefore, the “reflected light level” such as the brightness and intensity of the reflected light decreases. The reason why the “melt pool diameter” and “plasma light wavelength” do not change is as described above. In this case, the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 200 performs control so as to increase the supply amount of the shield gas among the modeling parameters 303.

  (3) When the “melt pool diameter” and the “reflected light level” are reduced in the monitoring data 301 and the “plasma light wavelength” is not changed, the “material structure” of the modeling quality 302 is deteriorated (roughened). I understand that And it turns out that "lamination width" and "lamination height" reduce.

  Furthermore, with respect to the modeling parameter 303, it can be seen that “laser output” decreases. In other words, the decrease in “laser output” means that the output of the light beam 240 such as laser light decreases, and accordingly, the brightness and intensity of the light beam 240 decrease. ”And“ reflected light level ”are reduced. In addition, since the “laser output” decreases, the amount of heat applied to the material 230 also decreases. As a result, the composition (material composition) of the “material structure” deteriorates, and the “lamination width” and “lamination height” also increase. Decrease. In this case, the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 200 performs control so as to increase the laser output among the modeling parameters 303.

  (4) In the monitoring data 301, when the “plasma light wavelength” changes and the “melt pool diameter” and the “reflected light level” do not change, the “material structure” of the modeling quality 302 deteriorates (compound). I understand that. It can be seen that the “lamination width” and the “lamination height” do not change.

  Furthermore, regarding the modeling parameter 303, it can be seen that “material purity (material)” is decreased. In other words, the fact that the “material purity (material)” is lowered means that impurities are mixed in the material 230 or materials 230 of different materials are mixed, so that a plurality of materials 230 are added to the completed three-dimensional layered object. A mixed compound is formed. Therefore, since the completed three-dimensional layered object is not formed from the single material 230, the quality as the object is reduced. It can be seen that the “lamination width” and the “lamination height” do not change. In this case, the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 200 controls the material parameters among the modeling parameters 303 to increase.

  According to this embodiment, since it is possible to estimate the change in the quality of the three-dimensional layered object and the change in the modeling parameters in real time during the modeling of the three-dimensional layered object, a high-precision three-dimensional layered object is formed. it can. Further, since the monitoring data is monitored during modeling, a change in modeling quality and a modeling parameter can be indirectly detected in real time through a change in the monitoring data. Further, the user can know a change (result) in modeling quality and a change (cause) in modeling parameters by monitoring changes in monitoring data and the like.

[Other Embodiments]
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be made to the configuration and details of the present invention within the scope of the present invention. In addition, a system or an apparatus in which different features included in each embodiment are combined in any way is also included in the scope of the present invention.

  In addition, the present invention may be applied to a system composed of a plurality of devices, or may be applied to a single device. Furthermore, the present invention can also be applied to a case where an information processing program that implements the functions of the embodiments is supplied directly or remotely to a system or apparatus. Therefore, in order to realize the functions of the present invention on a computer, a program installed in the computer, a medium storing the program, and a WWW (World Wide Web) server that downloads the program are also included in the scope of the present invention. . In particular, at least a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the processing steps included in the above-described embodiments is included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

Material injection means for injecting the material of the three-dimensional layered object on a modeling table on which the three-dimensional layered object is formed;
A light irradiation means for irradiating the injected material with light;
Data acquisition means for acquiring monitoring data for monitoring the modeling state of the three-dimensional layered object during modeling of the three-dimensional layered object,
Based on the monitoring data, modeling quality estimation means for estimating modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object,
With
The monitoring data includes a molten pool temperature, characteristic data of light from the molten pool , and a molten pool diameter ,
The modeling quality estimation means estimates a modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object from a combination of the change in the molten pool temperature, the change in the characteristic data of the light, and the change in the diameter of the molten pool. Modeling equipment. Based on the monitoring data, further comprising a modeling parameter estimation means for estimating a modeling parameter necessary for modeling the three-dimensional layered object,
The modeling parameter estimation means estimates a modeling parameter necessary for modeling the three-dimensional layered object from a combination of the change in the molten pool temperature, the change in the characteristic data of the light, and the change in the diameter of the molten pool. The three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 . The modeling parameter control means which controls the modeling parameter required for modeling of the said three-dimensional laminate modeling thing based on the change of modeling quality of the said three-dimensional laminate modeling thing estimated by the said modeling quality estimation means or Claim 1 or 3. The three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to 2. The three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the modeling parameter control unit controls a modeling parameter necessary for modeling the three-dimensional additive manufacturing object based on the monitoring data acquired by the data acquisition unit. The three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the monitoring data includes at least one of a reflected light level and a plasma light wavelength as the light characteristic data. The build parameters, the material supply amount, the shielding gas supply, a three-dimensional laminate molding apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5 comprising at least one of the light output and material purity. The shaping quality stack height of the three-dimensional laminate molding material, any one of claims 1 to 6 comprising at least one of material composition of the laminate width and the three-dimensional laminate molding of the three-dimensional stack shaped article 1 The three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus described in the item. A material injection step of injecting a material of the three-dimensional layered object on a modeling table on which the three-dimensional layered object is formed;
A light irradiation step for irradiating the injected material with light;
A data acquisition step for acquiring monitoring data for monitoring a modeling state of the three-dimensional layered object during modeling of the three-dimensional layered object,
Based on the monitoring data, a modeling quality estimation step for estimating the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object,
Including
The monitoring data includes a molten pool temperature, characteristic data of light from the molten pool , and a molten pool diameter ,
In the modeling quality estimation step, a three-dimensional stack that estimates the modeling quality of the three-dimensional stack model from a combination of a change in the molten pool temperature, a change in the light property data, and a change in the molten pool diameter. Control method of modeling apparatus. A material injection step of injecting a material of the three-dimensional layered object on a modeling table on which the three-dimensional layered object is formed;
A light irradiation step of irradiating the material with light;
A data acquisition step for acquiring monitoring data for monitoring a modeling state of the three-dimensional layered object during modeling of the three-dimensional layered object,
Based on the monitoring data, a modeling quality estimation step for estimating the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object,
To the computer,
The monitoring data includes a molten pool temperature, characteristic data of light from the molten pool , and a molten pool diameter ,
In the modeling quality estimation step, the modeling quality of the three-dimensional layered object is estimated from the combination of the change in the molten pool temperature, the change in the characteristic data of the light, and the change in the diameter of the molten pool 3 Control program for 3D additive manufacturing equipment.

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