JP6484668B2 - 血液ポンプシステムと方法 - Google Patents
血液ポンプシステムと方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6484668B2 JP6484668B2 JP2017120522A JP2017120522A JP6484668B2 JP 6484668 B2 JP6484668 B2 JP 6484668B2 JP 2017120522 A JP2017120522 A JP 2017120522A JP 2017120522 A JP2017120522 A JP 2017120522A JP 6484668 B2 JP6484668 B2 JP 6484668B2
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- Prior art keywords
- blood
- impeller
- blood pump
- pump system
- conduit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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Description
によって流出導管30に取り付けられていてもよい。
WSS(Pa)=4Qμ/πR3[式1]
ここで、
Q=流速(m3/s)
μ=血液の粘度(Pa/s)
R=血管半径(m)
である。
壁剪断応力の制御方法#1:手動方法
壁剪断応力の制御方法#2:血液粘度の間接測定と血流と標的血管直径の直接測定を用いる自動的方法
壁剪断応力の制御方法#3:血液粘度と血流と標的血管直径の間接測定と静脈圧力の直接測定を用いる自動的方法
壁剪断応力の制御方法#4:血液粘度と血流とポンプ圧力水頭と標的血管直径の間接測定を用いる自動的方法
血液ポンプシステム流速と圧力水頭のセンサなしでの決定:
Q=a+b・ln(Pin)+c・ω0.5[式2]
ここで、
Q=流速(L/min)
Pin=モータへの投入電力(W)
ω=ポンプ速度(rpm)
モータへの投入電力は、測定されたモータ電流と電圧から導かれる。a、b、cに対する値は、モータ速度と投入電力の関数としてのポンプ流速のグラフをカーブフィッティングすることで求められる。
Hp=d+e・ln(Pin)+f・ω2.5[式3]、
ここで、d、e、fの値は、ポンプ速度とモータの投入電力の関数としてのポンプの圧力水頭のグラフをカーブフィッティングすることで求められる。ここでHpは流入導管20とポンプ25と流出導管30を横断して測定される。
血管抵抗の決定と血管半径の推定:
Rv=(Pv−CVP)/Q [式4]
ここで、
Hv=血液の心臓への復路上の末梢血管で損失する圧力水頭(mmHg)
Pv=吻合における静脈圧力(mmHg)
CVP=中心静脈圧(mmHg)
Rv=血管抵抗((mmHg・min)/L)
である。通常CVPは2〜8mmHgの間の範囲であり、PvとQの動作範囲は相対的にはるかに大きいので、上式においてはこれを無視することができる。図36Eに示すように、血管抵抗はPv−Q曲線660の勾配としてグラフ上に表すことができる。曲線660は非線形なので、傾斜はQの関数である。次式で表されるように、一時的に速度を数百rpm(Δω)だけ上昇させて、それによる静脈圧力の変化(ΔPv)を測定し、結果としてのポンプ流の変化(ΔQ)を推定することによって、血管抵抗を求めてもよい。
RV(Q)=ΔPV/ΔQ [式5]
血管抵抗は血管直径又は半径に強く依存する関数であって、静脈が小さいほど血管抵抗が高いことに留意されたい。血管抵抗は様々な単位で定量化可能であり、例えばウッド単位((mmHg・min)/L)であれば、8倍すればSI単位((Pa・s)/m3)に変換できる。
Hv=Hp[式6]
末梢血管の半径は、Qに対するHvの比である血管抵抗(Rv)に逆比例する。円形断面の血管内のハーゲンーポアズイユ血液流を仮定すると、血管抵抗は次の式を用いて表現できる。
RV(Pa・s/m3)=Pv/Q=8・μ・L/π・R4[式7]
ここで、
PvはPa単位で表され、
Qは(m3/s)の単位で表され、
μ=血液の粘度(Pa/s)、
R=血管半径(m)、
L=血管長さ(m)
である。実際には、直径が既知の特定の静脈における圧力低下を生体内測定することで、式7の精度が上げられる。こうして次の経験式が得られる。
Rv(Pa・s/m3)=K・μ/R4[式8]
ここで、Kは標的静脈に関する実験定数(m)である。
壁剪断応力の決定:
Q=Pv/Rv[式9]
式8より、血管半径は次式で表される。
R=(K・μ/Rv)0.25[式10]
式1、9、10より、壁剪断応力は次式で表される。
WSS(Pa)=((4・Pv)/(π・K0.75))・(μ/Rv)0.25[式11]
安全機能と警報:
Claims (36)
- 脈圧が供与血管の脈圧よりも低い末梢血管に、50mL/minから1500mL/minの速度で血液をポンプ輸送するように構成された遠心血液ポンプシステムであって、
a)入口及び出口と、
筐体内の前記入口と前記出口との間に配置されたインペラであって、頂部ピボットベアリング及び底部ピボットベアリングを係合させるように構成されたインペラピボットシャフトを備える、インペラと、
前記インペラの頂部表面にあって前記インペラの中心から放射状に延伸する複数のブレードであって、前記入口で受け取った血液を前記筐体を通して前記出口に向ける、ブレードと、
前記インペラと機械的に係合した少なくとも1つの磁石と、
前記少なくとも1つの磁石と機械的に係合し、前記少なくとも1つの磁石と前記インペラとを回転させる、電気モータと、
を含む、遠心血液ポンプと、
b)流入導管であって、前記流入導管内の流路への制御されたアクセスを提供する少なくとも1つの側部ポートを更に含む、流入導管と、
c)流出導管であって、前記流出導管内の流路への制御されたアクセスを提供する少なくとも1つの側部ポートを更に含む、流出導管と、
d)前記インペラの速度を制御する制御装置であって、インペラ速度を制御するプロセッサと、メモリと、バッテリと、前記制御装置を遠心ポンプへ電気的に接続するためのケーブルとを含む、制御装置と、
を含む、遠心血液ポンプシステムであって、
前記制御装置は、粘度計、流速センサ、及び半径測定手段を備え、
i)前記粘度計は、血液粘度を測定し、
ii)前記流速センサは、血液ポンプシステム又は血管内の血流速度を測定し、
iii)前記半径測定手段は、血管の半径を測定し、
iv)前記制御装置は、前記測定した血液粘度と前記測定した流速と前記血管の半径から、前記血管内の壁剪断応力を決定し、
v)前記制御装置は、前記決定された壁剪断応力を所定の参照値と比較し、
vi)前記制御装置は、前記決定された壁剪断応力が前記所定の参照値に近くない場合に血液ポンプ速度を調節し、
vii)前記粘度計、前記流速センサ、前記半径測定手段、及び前記制御装置は、前記決定された壁剪断応力が前記所定の参照値に近づくまでi〜viのステップを繰り返す、
遠心血液ポンプシステム。 - 脈圧が供与血管の脈圧よりも低い末梢血管に、50mL/minから1500mL/minの速度で血液をポンプ輸送するように構成された遠心血液ポンプシステムであって、
a)入口及び出口と、
筐体内の前記入口と前記出口との間に配置されたインペラであって、頂部ピボットベアリング及び底部ピボットベアリングを係合させるように構成されたインペラピボットシャフトを備える、インペラと、
前記インペラの頂部表面にあって前記インペラの中心から放射状に延伸する複数のブレードであって、前記入口で受け取った血液を前記筐体を通して前記出口に向ける、ブレードと、
前記インペラと機械的に係合した少なくとも1つの磁石と、
前記少なくとも1つの磁石と機械的に係合し、前記少なくとも1つの磁石と前記インペラとを回転させる、電気モータと、
を含む、遠心血液ポンプと、
b)流入導管であって、前記流入導管内の流路への制御されたアクセスを提供する少なくとも1つの側部ポートを更に含む、流入導管と、
c)流出導管であって、前記流出導管内の流路への制御されたアクセスを提供する少なくとも1つの側部ポートを更に含む、流出導管と、
d)前記インペラの速度を制御する制御装置であって、インペラ速度を制御するプロセッサと、メモリと、バッテリと、前記制御装置を遠心ポンプへ電気的に接続するためのケーブルとを含む、制御装置と、
を含む、遠心血液ポンプシステムであって、
前記制御装置は、前記インペラの速度を制御するプロセッサ、メモリ、バッテリ、及び前記制御装置と前記遠心血液ポンプとを電気的に接続するケーブルを備え、
前記制御装置は、
i)血液粘度を間接測定することと、
ii)血液ポンプシステム又は血管内の血流速度を間接測定することと、
iii)血管の半径を間接測定することと、
iv)前記間接測定した血液粘度と前記間接測定した流速と前記血管の半径から、前記血管内の壁剪断応力を決定することと、
v)前記決定された壁剪断応力を所定の参照値と比較することと、
vi)前記決定された壁剪断応力が前記所定の参照値に近くない場合に血液ポンプ速度を調節することと、
vii)前記決定された壁剪断応力が前記所定の参照値に近づくまでi〜viのステップを繰り返すことと、
を行う、
遠心血液ポンプシステム。 - 前記制御装置は、粘度計、流速センサ、及び半径測定手段の少なくとも1つを備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記間接測定された前記血液粘度を、前記粘度計により直接測定された値で較正すること、
前記間接測定された前記血流速度を、前記流速センサにより直接測定された値で較正すること、
前記間接測定された前記半径を、前記半径測定手段により直接測定された値で較正すること、
の少なくとも1つを行う、
請求項2に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。 - 運転時に、前記流出導管に流体接続された血管内の平均壁剪断応力を0.76Paから23Paの範囲に維持するように構成された、請求項1〜請求項3の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記流入導管及び前記流出導管の少なくとも1つはポリウレタンを含む、請求項1〜請求項4の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記流入導管又は前記流出導管はePTFEを含む、請求項1〜請求項5の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記流入導管又は前記流出導管はポリウレタンとePTFEの接合したセグメントを含む、請求項6に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記流入導管及び前記流出導管のうち一方の少なくとも一部分は、形状記憶材料、自己拡張性材料又はステンレススチールを備える支持構造を含む、請求項1〜請求項7の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記形状記憶材料又は前記自己拡張性材料はニチノールである、請求項8に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- ニチノール又はステンレススチールの少なくとも一部分は編組状又はコイル状に形成されている、請求項8又は請求項9に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記流入導管と前記流出導管の少なくとも1つは、半径方向に圧縮性のコネクタを用いて前記遠心血液ポンプ又は側部ポートに接続されている、請求項1〜請求項10の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 運転時に、前記流出導管に流体接続された血管内の上昇した平均壁剪断応力を少なくとも14日、28日、56日又は112日の間維持するように構成された、請求項1又は請求項4に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 運転時に、前記流出導管に流体接続された血管内の平均血液速度を10cm/sから120cm/s又は25cm/sから100cm/sの範囲に維持するように構成された、請求項1〜請求項12の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記流入導管及び前記流出導管の合わせた長さが4cmから220cmの間である、請求項1〜請求項13の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記流入導管又は前記流出導管は切り取られ得る、請求項1〜請求項14の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記複数のブレードの少なくとも1つは弓形である、請求項1〜請求項15の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの磁石はリング又は円盤を形成する、請求項1〜請求項16の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 1つ以上のベアリングはアルミナ、アルミナ及びジルコニア、又はアルミナ及びシリコンカーバイドを含む、請求項1〜請求項17の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記インペラピボットシャフトの両端部は凸状で前記底部ピボットベアリングは凹状であり、又は前記インペラピボットシャフトの両端部は凹状で前記底部ピボットベアリングは凸状である、請求項1〜請求項18の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記入口は、血液を受けて血液をインペラに向ける流入ディフューザを含む、請求項1〜請求項19の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記入口は、前記流入ディフューザの領域においてほぼ円形の孔からほぼ矩形の孔に移行する、請求項20に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記流入ディフューザは弓形である、請求項20に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記流入ディフューザの長軸と前記インペラピボットシャフトの長軸との間の角度は5度よりも大きい、請求項20に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記インペラピボットシャフトの一部及び前記頂部ピボットベアリングの一部が前記入口の中へ延び、前記遠心血液ポンプの運転時に流れる血液によって洗浄される、請求項1〜請求項23の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記インペラピボットシャフトの一部及び前記底部ピボットベアリングの一部が下部ベアリング空隙の中へ延び、前記遠心血液ポンプの運転時に流れる血液によって洗浄される、請求項1〜請求項24の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 上部ベアリング空隙の中へ延びる頂部ピボットベアリング部はベゼルによって支持される、請求項25に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記インペラは、前記インペラの中心軸に平行に底面から前記インペラを通って頂部面に延びる複数の穴を含む、請求項1〜請求項26の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記遠心血液ポンプの運転時、前記インペラの周り及び下を流れ、前記穴を貫通して頂部面へ流れる血液は、前記インペラの底面及び下部ベアリング面の部分を洗浄する、請求項27に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記遠心血液ポンプの運転時、前記インペラの周り及び下を流れ、前記穴を貫通して頂部面へ流れる血液は、上部ベアリング面の部分を洗浄する、請求項27に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 上部ベアリング空隙の中へ延びる頂部ベアリングピンの部分がベゼルによって支持され、前記遠心血液ポンプの運転時、前記インペラの周り及び下を流れ、前記穴を貫通して頂部面へ流れる血液は前記ベゼルの背面領域を洗浄する、請求項27に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 少なくとも1つの血液接触面がPEEKからなる、請求項1〜請求項30の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記遠心血液ポンプ、前記流入導管、前記流出導管及び前記側部ポートの表面を含む少なくとも1つの血液接触面が抗血栓コーティングで被覆されている、請求項1〜請求項31の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記抗血栓コーティングがヘパリンを含む、請求項32に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記流出導管は、外科的吻合術を用いて直径が1mmから6mmの範囲の末梢血管に接続できるように構成される、請求項1〜請求項33の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 抗菌カフが前記流入導管又は前記流出導管の外表面に取り付けられている、請求項1〜請求項34の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
- 前記側部ポートは血液透析器と流体接続できるように構成され、前記遠心血液ポンプシステムは血液透析の際にバスキュラーアクセスを提供するように構成される、請求項1〜請求項35の何れか1項に記載の遠心血液ポンプシステム。
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