JP6319093B2 - バイオマス固体燃料 - Google Patents
バイオマス固体燃料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6319093B2 JP6319093B2 JP2014551081A JP2014551081A JP6319093B2 JP 6319093 B2 JP6319093 B2 JP 6319093B2 JP 2014551081 A JP2014551081 A JP 2014551081A JP 2014551081 A JP2014551081 A JP 2014551081A JP 6319093 B2 JP6319093 B2 JP 6319093B2
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001442654 Percnon planissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/361—Briquettes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/32—Molding or moulds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
バイオマスを水蒸気爆砕した後成形して塊状物とし、この塊状物を加熱して得られるバイオマス固体燃料であって、
燃料比が0.2〜2.5、無水ベース高位発熱量が5000〜7500(kcal/kg)、酸素Oと炭素Cのモル比O/Cが0.1〜0.6、水素Hと炭素Cのモル比H/Cが0.5〜1.35であることを特徴とする。
爆砕工程および成形工程に続き、加熱工程を経てバイオマス固体燃料を得た。各実施例における加熱工程ではφ600mm電気式バッチ炉にそれぞれの原料を4kg投入し、2℃/minの昇温速度で各実施例における目標温度(表1における加熱温度)まで昇温させ、加熱した。表1における加熱時間は、昇温開始から目標温度到達までの時間を示す。以下、目標温度と加熱温度は同一のものを指す。実施例1〜3、および5〜7の加熱工程における加熱温度と、加熱工程後に得られたバイオマス固体燃料の性状を表1に示す。
比較例1〜3は爆砕や加熱等の工程を経ていない生のバイオマスである。なお比較例3のPKSとはパームカーネルシェル(椰子の果実の種子から核油を搾油した後の殻)である。比較例1〜3の生のバイオバスの性状を表1に示す。
比較例4は、上記爆砕工程および成型工程を経た直後の、加熱前のバイオマス固体燃料である。比較例4の加熱前のバイオマス固体燃料の性状を表1に示す。
図1は加熱工程における加熱温度と、得られたバイオマス固体燃料を水中に浸漬した際の浸漬水のCOD(化学的酸素要求量)の相関を示すものである。COD測定用浸漬水試料の調製は、昭和48年環境庁告示第13号(イ)産業廃棄物に含まれる金属等の検定方法に従い、CODはJIS K0102(2010)−17によって分析した。
図2は加熱工程における加熱温度と、得られたバイオマス固体燃料の粉砕性(HGI)、および粉砕速度(後述)の相関を、比較例4および実施例1〜7のバイオマス固体燃料について示す図である。なお、図2以降では加熱工程における加熱温度を240℃とした例を実施例4として示す。
図3はバイオマス固体燃料の水中浸漬試験結果である。各実施例および比較例の固体燃料を水中に浸し、所定時間経過後に取り出して水分を拭き取って固体水分を測定した。実施例3のバイオマス固体燃料では水分15%前後でそれ以上の吸水が起こらず、平衡となった。実施例4〜実施例7は196時間経過後でも平衡には達していないものの、実施例3における平衡水分15%以下で平衡に達するものと推定される。また、比較例4(加熱前のバイオマス固体燃料)は約20日経過後に水分25wt%で平衡となった(不図示)。これらの結果は、加熱に伴うタール等有機成分の溶出・固化により、バイオマス固体燃料の表面が疎水性に変化したためと考えられ、屋外貯蔵されることが多い固体燃料として有利な特性を示している。
表2は固体強度(JIS Z 8841 回転強度試験方法に基づく)の測定結果である。加熱した場合、水中浸漬(比較例4は水中浸漬時間96時間、それ以外は192時間)した場合であっても固体強度はほとんど低下しておらず、比較例4(未加熱のバイオマス固体燃料)と比べても粉化が発生しにくく、ハンドリング性を維持できるものと言える。
図4は加熱工程を経た後のバイオマス固体燃料の収率である。なお各実施例の目標温度(加熱温度)における保持は行っていない。280℃以上で加熱した場合は収率減少の傾きが大きくなっている。
図5はバイオマス固体燃料の熱重量分析である。熱重量分析装置((株)リガク製、品番TG8110)を用いて図5の各実施例に相当する温度まで昇温し、60min保持した。実施例3(230℃)では保持による重量減少はほとんど見られず、実施例5(260℃)では温度保持による重量減少が多少見られるものの大きくは減少しないことが示される。これに対し実施例7(300℃)では温度保持により大きく重量が減少していることが示される。
Claims (3)
- バイオマスを水蒸気爆砕した後成形して塊状物とし、この塊状物を170〜300℃で加熱して得られるバイオマス固体燃料であって、
燃料比が0.22〜0.56、無水ベース高位発熱量が5106〜6104(kcal/kg)、酸素Oと炭素Cのモル比O/Cが0.37〜0.57、水素Hと炭素Cのモル比H/Cが1.01〜1.31であること、
バイオマスが木質系または草本系であること、ならびに
バイオマス固体燃料を水中に浸漬した際の浸漬水のCODが3000ppm以下であること
を特徴とするバイオマス固体燃料。 - 前記塊状物は、ペレッ卜またはブリケットであること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載のバイオマス固体燃料。 - バイオマス固体燃料の粉砕性指数(HGI)が20以上60以下であること
を特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のバイオマス固体燃料。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012266635 | 2012-12-05 | ||
JP2012266635 | 2012-12-05 | ||
PCT/JP2013/082291 WO2014087949A1 (ja) | 2012-12-05 | 2013-11-29 | バイオマス固体燃料 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPWO2014087949A1 JPWO2014087949A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
JP6319093B2 true JP6319093B2 (ja) | 2018-05-09 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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JP2014551081A Active JP6319093B2 (ja) | 2012-12-05 | 2013-11-29 | バイオマス固体燃料 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9523056B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6319093B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2896771C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014087949A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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NZ730693A (en) * | 2014-10-07 | 2019-03-29 | Ube Industries | Biomass solid fuel |
JP6410255B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-24 | 2018-10-24 | 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 | 炭化物の性状検出方法および性状検出装置ならびに炭化物の製造装置 |
FI126555B (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-02-15 | Valmet Technologies Oy | Biomass-based fuel adapted to reduce the chemical and / or mechanical impact of the flue gas on heat transfer surfaces, and the process for its production |
MY186936A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2021-08-26 | Ube Corp | Biomass solid fuel |
WO2018181919A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | 宇部興産株式会社 | バイオマス固体燃料およびその製造方法 |
JPWO2019069849A1 (ja) | 2017-10-04 | 2020-10-22 | 宇部興産株式会社 | バイオマス固体燃料 |
JP2020186362A (ja) | 2019-05-13 | 2020-11-19 | バイ ホン メイBai, Hong Mei | 固体バイオマス燃料の製造方法 |
KR20220044891A (ko) | 2019-08-08 | 2022-04-12 | 홍 메이 바이 | 고체 바이오매스 연료의 생산공정 |
GB2591789A (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2021-08-11 | Mei Bai Hong | Process for producing solid biomass fuel |
GB2599728A (en) | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-13 | Mei Bai Hong | Process for producing solid biomass fuel |
WO2022153830A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-07-21 | 出光興産株式会社 | バイオマス固形燃料の製造方法 |
WO2023276755A1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-05 | Ihi Corporation | Solid fuel production system and solid fuel production method |
KR20240034210A (ko) * | 2021-07-09 | 2024-03-13 | 카본 테크놀로지 홀딩스, 엘엘씨 | 고 고정-탄소 함량 및 최적화된 반응성을 갖는 바이오카본 펠릿을 생산하기 위한 공정, 및 이로부터 수득된 바이오카본 펠릿 |
GB202117376D0 (en) | 2021-12-01 | 2022-01-12 | Bai hong mei | Process for producing solid biomass fuel |
JP2023095161A (ja) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-07-06 | 出光興産株式会社 | バイオマス固形燃料の製造方法 |
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US20020078623A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-06-27 | Raddon Stanley J. | Process for creating pellet for utilization in land revegetation or as a fuel source |
JP4472380B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-27 | 2010-06-02 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | バイオマス半炭化燃料の製造方法及び装置 |
JP2006239729A (ja) | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-14 | Mori Machinery Corp | 2軸スクリュー押出し機 |
JP2007283489A (ja) | 2006-04-12 | 2007-11-01 | Aichi Prefecture | 木質系材料の射出成形方法 |
EP2415812A3 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2012-10-31 | Xyleco, Inc. | Method of making a combustible fuel from biomass |
US20100124583A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2010-05-20 | Xyleco, Inc. | Processing biomass |
US8236535B2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2012-08-07 | Xyleco, Inc. | Processing biomass |
WO2009158539A1 (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2009-12-30 | Casella Waste Systems, Inc. | Engineered fuel feed stock useful for displacement of coal in coal firing plants |
JP2010037536A (ja) | 2008-07-07 | 2010-02-18 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 混合廃棄物の処理方法 |
EP2411492B1 (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2014-10-22 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Pretreated densified biomass products and methods of making and using same |
JP2012011583A (ja) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-19 | Cdm Consulting Co Ltd | 燃料用間伐材の処理方法及び装置 |
WO2012023479A1 (ja) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-02-23 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 固体燃料、およびその製造方法、製造装置 |
IT1406771B1 (it) * | 2010-12-23 | 2014-03-07 | Sea Marconi Technologies Di Vander Tumiatti S A S | Impianto modulare per la conduzione di procedimenti di conversione di matrici carboniose |
US8961628B2 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2015-02-24 | Sundrop Fuels, Inc. | Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods |
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- 2013-11-29 JP JP2014551081A patent/JP6319093B2/ja active Active
- 2013-11-29 US US14/649,892 patent/US9523056B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-29 WO PCT/JP2013/082291 patent/WO2014087949A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-11-29 CA CA2896771A patent/CA2896771C/en active Active
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US20150315505A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
JPWO2014087949A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
US9523056B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
WO2014087949A1 (ja) | 2014-06-12 |
CA2896771A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
CA2896771C (en) | 2021-01-12 |
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