JP6312711B2 - 破壊靭性が高い硬化性組成物 - Google Patents
破壊靭性が高い硬化性組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5026—Amines cycloaliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/22—Di-epoxy compounds
- C08G59/24—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic
- C08G59/245—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic aromatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5006—Amines aliphatic
- C08G59/502—Polyalkylene polyamines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/56—Amines together with other curing agents
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Description
前記式中、基R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20はそれぞれ相互に独立して、水素、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、及びアミンを含む群から選択され、
ただし、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、及びR10を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンであり、かつR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンである。本発明はまた、脂肪族ジアミンと、前記式(I)の化合物を含む硬化剤組合せ物を、エポキシ樹脂硬化のために用いる使用、(a)硬化性組成物を塗布する工程、及び(b)硬化させる工程を有する、表面を被覆するため、又はテキスタイルの平面構造体を含浸するための方法、並びに硬化された組成物を含有する、表面、繊維複合材、被覆、又は接着剤に関する。
ただし、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、及びR10を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンであり、かつR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンであり、
前記エポキシ樹脂は好ましくは、1分子当たりエポキシ基を2個有し、特に好ましくは、ビスフェノールA−ジグリシジルエーテル、及びビスフェノールF−ジグリシジルエーテルを含む群から選択されており、
開鎖ポリアミンは好ましくは、炭素原子と水素原子のみから成る炭素鎖を有する脂肪族骨格に、第一級アミノ基を少なくとも2個有する。
ただし、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、及びR10を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンであり、かつR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンであり、
開鎖ポリアミンは、炭素原子と水素原子のみから成る炭素鎖を有する脂肪族骨格に、第一級アミノ基を少なくとも2個有する。
(a)本発明の第一の態様による硬化性組成物を塗布する工程、及び
(b)硬化させる工程
を有する表面を被覆するための、又はテキスタイルの平面構造体を含浸するための方法によって解決される。
ただし、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、及びR10を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンであり、かつR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンである。好ましい実施形態において、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、及びR10を含む群のうち、1つの基だけがアミンであり、かつR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20を含む群のうち、1つの基だけがアミンである。ここで特に好ましい実施形態では、基R2、R4、R6、R8、R10、R12、R14、R16、R18、及びR20は全て、水素である。
以下の実施例により、開鎖ポリアミン、及び式(I)の化合物を含有する本発明による硬化剤組合せ物を用いた場合、意外なことに、硬化したエポキシドの破壊靭性が、他の材料特性(例えばガラス転移温度Tg、強度、及び弾性率)については同等の値のまま、大きく向上することが分かる。開鎖ポリアミンとしては、トリメチルヘキサメチレンジアミン(VESTAMIN TMD、2,2,4−トリメチルヘキサメチレンジアミンと2,4,4−トリメチルヘキサメチレンジアミンとの混合物)、ヘキサメチレンジアミン(HDA)、又はDytec-A(2−メチル−1,5−ペンタンジアミン、Invista社の市販品)を使用する。式(I)の化合物としては、4,4’−ジアミノジシクロヘキシルメタン(PACM)を使用する。さらに、VESTAMIN IPD(イソホロンジアミン)、及びEPIKOTE Resin 828、ビスフェノールAのジグリシジルエーテルを使用する。
必要であればまず、硬化剤混合物を製造し(ガラス製ビーカー、マグネチックスターラー)、エポキシ樹脂含分と合わせる。この調製物を、Hauschild社のDAC600.1 VAC-P型スピードミキサーにより1000回転/分で20秒間、そして1500回転/分で100秒間、真空下で混合する。こうして得られた脱気した混合物を、硬化温度(この例では120℃)に予熱した2つの鋼製型(寸法は200×200×6mmと、200×200×4mm)に注ぐ。型の表面を事前に、離型剤のACMOScoat 82-7008で処理した。続いて、樹脂/硬化剤混合物が充填された型を120℃で30分、空気強制循環式乾燥機に放置して、硬化させる。硬化終了後、炉のスイッチを切り、扉を開けて、型を冷却する。4mmのプレートについて、DSC測定により加熱速度10K/分でガラス転移温度(Tg)を測定し、DIN EN ISO 178に従って曲げ強度を測定する。6mmのプレートについて、ASTM D 5045(Wが35mmのCT試験体)に従い破壊靭性(K1c)を、DE 100 23 752に記載した手法で測定する。
Vestamin TMDで硬化させたエポキシ樹脂調製物は、硬化させた調製物の破壊靭性は高いが、Tgが低いことが分かった(比較例4)。Vestamin PACM又はVestamin IPDで硬化させた組成物の破壊靭性を、これらの硬化剤とVestamin TMDを有する適切な調製物によって改善しようとする試験の場合、意外なことに、PACMベースの調製物では破壊靭性(K1c)と破断点伸びが上昇する一方、ガラス転移温度は著しく低下しないことが判明した。同様に、曲げ強度と曲げ弾性率は、試験変動の範囲内でほぼ同一である(例1及び2)。同様の効果が、開鎖ポリアミンとしてHDAを用いた場合にも観察できる(例3)。しかしながらVestamin IPDとVestamin TMDから、割合的には同一(ここでは80:20質量部)の硬化剤混合物を作成した場合、破壊靭性について改善は見られないが、予測されたように熱的特性(ガラス転移温度)と機械的特性の明らかな低下が見られた(比較例3)。
Claims (16)
- 少なくとも1種のエポキシ樹脂、開鎖ポリアミン、及び式(I)の化合物
前記式中、
基R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20はそれぞれ相互に独立して、水素、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、及びアミンを含む群から選択され、
ただし、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、及びR10を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンであり、かつR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンであり、
前記エポキシ樹脂は、1分子あたりエポキシ基を2個有しており、
前記開鎖ポリアミンは、炭素原子と水素原子のみから成る炭素鎖を有する脂肪族骨格に、第一級アミノ基を少なくとも2個有する、前記組成物、ただし、少なくとも1種の第一級ジアミンと少なくとも1種の芳香族モノエポキシドとの少なくとも1種の付加体を含有する組成物を除く。 - エポキシ樹脂を硬化させるための、開鎖ポリアミン、及び式(I)の化合物:
前記式中、
基R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20はそれぞれ相互に独立して、水素、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、及びアミンを含む群から選択され、
ただし、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、及びR10を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンであり、かつR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20を含む群のうち、少なくとも1つの基はアミンであり、
前記開鎖ポリアミンは、炭素原子と水素原子のみから成る炭素鎖を有する脂肪族骨格に、第一級アミノ基を少なくとも2個有する、前記使用。 - R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、及びR10を含む群のうちただ1つの基がアミンであり、かつR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20を含む群のうちただ1つの基がアミンである、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、及びR10を含む群のうちただ1つの基がアミンであり、かつR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、及びR20を含む群のうちただ1つの基がアミンであり、かつその他の基がそれぞれ水素である、請求項1、又は請求項3に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記式(I)の化合物が、ジアミノジシクロヘキシルメタンである、請求項1、又は請求項3から4までのいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記開鎖ポリアミンが、全長が4〜8個の炭素原子である置換若しくは非置換の炭素鎖を有する、請求項1、又は請求項3から5までのいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記開鎖ポリアミンが、式H2N−(CH2)z−NH2を有し、zが2〜12である、請求項1、又は請求項3から5までのいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記開鎖ポリアミンが、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、又はトリメチルヘキサメチレンジアミンである、請求項1、又は請求項3から5までのいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記式(I)の化合物対前記開鎖ポリアミンの質量比が、少なくとも50:50である、請求項1、又は請求項3から8までのいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記式(I)の化合物対前記開鎖ポリアミンの質量比が、70:30から90:10である、請求項9に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂が、ビスフェノールA−ジグリシジルエーテル、及びビスフェノールF−ジグリシジルエーテルを含む群から選択されている、請求項1、又は請求項3から10までのいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- さらに、反応促進剤、反応性希釈剤、溶剤、顔料、充填材、難燃剤、及び添加剤を含む群から選択されるさらなる物質を少なくとも1種含有する、請求項1、又は請求項3から11までのいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- さらに反応性希釈剤を含有し、前記エポキシ樹脂対前記反応性希釈剤の質量比が、75:25から95:5である、請求項1、又は請求項3から12までのいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 表面を被覆するため、又はテキスタイルの平面構造体を含浸するための方法であって、以下の工程(a)及び(b):
(a)請求項1、又は請求項3から13までのいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物を塗布する工程、及び
(b)硬化させる工程、
を有する、前記方法。 - 請求項1、又は請求項3から13までのいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物を硬化した硬化物。
- 請求項15に記載の硬化物を含有する、表面、繊維複合材、被覆、又は接着剤。
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