JP6399558B2 - 軟骨細胞から多能性幹細胞を製造する方法 - Google Patents
軟骨細胞から多能性幹細胞を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本明細書には、軟骨細胞の集団から多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞を生成する方法及び組成物が開示される。
本明細書には、幾つかの実施形態において、多能性幹細胞又は分化多能性幹細胞の集団から軟骨細胞の集団を生成する方法が開示され、該方法は、i)本明細書に開示される方法に従って多能性幹細胞又は分化多能性幹細胞の集団を生成する工程;ii)細胞集合体を作るために多能性幹細胞又は分化多能性幹細胞のコロニーを機械的に切開する工程;iii)集合体由来の細胞を作るために、培養密度まで、組織培養で処理した容器において細胞集合体を培養する工程;iv)軟骨前駆細胞を作るために培養物において少なくとも1度、集合体由来の細胞を継代する工程;及びiv)三次元培養において軟骨前駆細胞を培養する工程を含み、前記方法は、胚様体の形成を含まない。幾つかの実施形態において、集合体由来の細胞は少なくとも2回継代される。幾つかの実施形態において、集合体由来の細胞は少なくとも3回継代される。幾つかの実施形態において、集合体由来の細胞は少なくとも4回継代される。幾つかの実施形態において、集合体由来の細胞は少なくとも5回継代される。幾つかの実施形態において、集合体由来の細胞は少なくとも6回、7回、又は8回継代される。幾つかの実施形態において、三次元培養は、TGF−β3を含む。幾つかの実施形態において、三次元培養はBMP2を含む。幾つかの実施形態において、細胞集合体を作るプロセスは、多能性幹細胞又は分化多能性幹細胞の酵素消化を含まない。幾つかの実施形態において、三次元培養は三次元マトリックスを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、三次元マトリックスは、コラーゲン、プロテオグリカン、フィブリン、ヒアルロン酸、ポリ−D−ラクチド、ポリ−L−ラクチド、ポリ−DL−ラクチド、ポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸、ヒドロキシアパタイト、リン酸カルシウム、アテロコラーゲン、フィブリン、アルギン酸塩、寒天、及び/又はゼラチンを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、三次元マトリックスはコラーゲンを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、コラーゲンは架橋結合される。幾つかの実施形態において、コラーゲンは可溶化する。幾つかの実施形態において、三次元マトリックスはプロテオグリカンを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、組織培養で処理した容器はプラスチックである。幾つかの実施形態において、組織培養で処理した容器はポリスチレンである。
幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に開示される方法による軟骨細胞由来の多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞は、軟骨細胞の前駆体(chondrogenic precusors)を形成するために培養中に誘導される。幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に開示される方法による軟骨細胞由来の多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞は、細胞ペレットなどの三次元フォーマットに関連する。幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に開示される方法による軟骨細胞由来の多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞は、単層に関連する。幾つかの実施形態において、三次元フォーマットは、本明細書に開示される方法による軟骨細胞由来の多脳性細胞又は分化多能性細胞の、インビトロの軟骨形成に起因する。幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に開示された方法による軟骨細胞由来の多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞は、例えば、穏やかな遠心分離の下でパックした又はペレット状にした細胞集団として、共に濃縮して培養される。
本明細書に開示された方法による軟骨細胞由来の多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞はまた、心筋細胞に分化されてもよい。幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書には、多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞の集団から心筋細胞の集団を生成する方法が開示され、該方法は、i)本明細書に開示される方法に従って多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞の集団を生成する工程;ii)多能性幹細胞又は分化多能性幹細胞の集団に、培養培地中で胚様体を形成させる工程;iii)培養培地にBMP4を加える工程;iv)工程iiiの後の1−3日間、BMP4、Activin A、及びFGFbを加える工程;v)工程iiiの後の3−8日間、DKKとVEGFを加える工程;及び、vi)工程iiiの後の8−14日間、DKK、VEGF、及びFGFbを加える工程を含む。幾つかの実施形態において、0日目に、約1ng/ml乃至約10ng/mlのBMP4が、培養培地に加えられる。幾つかの実施形態において、0日目に、約5ng/mlのBMP4が、培養培地に加えられる。幾つかの実施形態において、1日目に、約5ng/ml乃至約20ng/mlのBMP、約1ng/ml乃至約10ng/mlのActivin A、及び約1ng/ml乃至約10ng/mlのFGFbetaが、培養培地に加えられる。幾つかの実施形態において、1日目に、約10ng/mlのBMP4、約6ng/mlのActivin A、及び約5ng/mlのFGFbetaが、培養培地に加えられる。幾つかの実施形態において、3日目に、約50ng/ml乃至約300ng/mlのDKK、及び1ng/ml乃至約10ng/mlのVEGFが、培養培地に加えられる。幾つかの実施形態において、3日目に、約150ng/mlのDKK及び約5ng/mlのVEGFが、培養培地に加えられる。幾つかの実施形態において、8日目に、約50ng/ml乃至約300ng/mlのDKK、約1ng/ml乃至約20ng/mlのVEGF、及び約1ng/ml乃至約10ng/mlのFGFbetaが、培養培地に加えられる。幾つかの実施形態において、8日目に、約150ng/mlのDKK、約10ng/mlのVEGF、及び約5ng/mlのFGFbetaが、培養培地に加えられる。
本明細書には、特定の実施形態において、軟骨組織を再生する方法が開示される。幾つかの実施形態において、軟骨組織は、耳介軟骨、肋軟骨、関節軟骨、椎間軟骨、又は気管軟骨である。
幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に開示される方法により得られる軟骨細胞又は軟骨前駆細胞は、軟骨組織を再生成する方法に使用される。幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に開示される軟骨前駆細胞は、骨又は軟骨の欠損症の領域に直接入れられる。幾つかの実施形態において、軟骨前駆細胞は、支持生体材料と共に、骨又は軟骨の欠損症の領域に入れられる。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明により得られる軟骨細胞による、新たな軟骨組織の生成物は、骨又は軟骨の欠損症の組織を統合する。幾つかの実施形態において、新たな軟骨組織は、軟骨又は骨の表面を修復する。幾つかの実施形態において、新たな軟骨組織はII型コラーゲンを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、新たな軟骨組織は、通常の関節軟骨の表面領域、中間領域、及び深い領域の特徴を含む。幾つかの実施形態において、新たな軟骨組織の表面領域はラブリシンを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、新たな軟骨組織は、奇形腫、腫瘍細胞、変形の証拠、異常な構造的特徴、又は他の不適切な細胞型を含まない。
<誘導法:InvivoGenからのpLenti−Smart−hOKSM、遺伝子Oct4、Sox2、Klf4、及びc−Myc>
293FT−P4細胞を解凍し、10%のFBS、4.5g/lのグルコース、50U/mlのペニシリン、50μg/mlのストレプトマイシン、1mMのピルビン酸ナトリウム、4mMのL−グルタミン、及び0.1mMの非必須アミノ酸を含むDMEMにおいて培養して継代した(passed)。5%のCO2インキュベーター中で、細胞を37℃で増殖させた。70−80%の培養密度に達した時、1−2日ごとにこれらの細胞を分裂した。細胞は、90%の培養密度に達しなかった。二次培養のために、細胞をトリプシン/EDTAで分離し、1:3乃至1:10の比率で分裂する。
OKSMプラスミドを、水中で1μg/μlの濃度で提供した。188μlの滅菌水を、pLV−OSKMの12μlのアリコートに加えた。12μgのpLV−OSKMを含む、この200μlの溶液を使用して、LENTI−Smart(商標)を再水和した(rehydate)。
0日目:ヒト軟骨のP2細胞を、6ウェルのプレートにおいて適切な密度で播いた(seeded)(〜5×104)。細胞密度が形質導入時に〜25−50%周密的であるように、細胞を播いた(plated)。
軟骨前駆細胞を、10%のFBSを含むDMEM/F12中で培養することにより、iPSC又はヒト胚性幹細胞(hESC)(WAO9、Wicell)から分化させた。軟骨前駆細胞の軟骨細胞分化を、5×105細胞をスピンダウンすることによりペレット培養物中で行い、ペレットを形成して、そして、BMP4を備えた、又はBMP4の無いTGFβ3を含む軟骨培地(Lonza)中で培養した。2週間後、これらのペレット剤中のII型コラーゲン発現をqPCRと共に確認した。
骨軟骨の試料を、人工膝関節全置換術を受ける、関節炎を患う成人のヒト患者の関節から外科的に切除する。6mm直径の円筒状のプラグの内部を取り除いた。外科用キューレットを使用して、関節面におよそ2mmの大きさの部分的な厚みの欠損症を作る。欠損症を、軟骨細胞由来のiPS細胞から産生した製造された軟骨細胞前駆物質で満たし、それらは以下の機械的な圧力の下で凝集する:5×105の細胞を、10%のFBSで補足したDMEM/F12において5分間150gで、15mlの円錐管中で遠心分離し、TGFs3の存在下、又は不在下で一晩、インキュベートした。4週間後、外植片を固定し、パラフィンに埋め込み、区分して、免疫組織化学的な試験のためにサフラニンOで染色した。
膝に変形性関節症を患う患者の関節炎の膝関節に、アルギニン酸塩中で懸濁した、本発明に係る細胞(例えば、軟骨細胞由来の多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞の集団、及び/又は、軟骨細胞由来の多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞の集団に由来する軟骨細胞又は軟骨前駆細胞の集団)を注入した。維持注射剤を必要に応じて与える。
膝に変形性関節症を患う、又は軟骨及び/又は骨の欠損症を患う患者を、本発明に係る細胞(例えば、軟骨細胞由来の多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞の集団、及び/又は、軟骨細胞由来の多能性細胞又は分化多能性細胞の集団に由来する軟骨細胞又は軟骨前駆細胞の集団)及びマトリックスを外科移植することにより処置した。
Claims (13)
- 軟骨細胞の集団から多能性幹細胞又は分化多能性幹細胞の集団を生成する方法であって、該方法は:
a)軟骨細胞の集団においてOct3/4ポリペプチド、Sox2ポリペプチド、Klf4ポリペプチド、及びc−Mycポリペプチドの1以上の発現を導く工程;及び
b)色素内皮誘導因子(PEDF)の存在下であり、且つ塩基性線維芽細胞成長因子(bFGF)の非存在下で、軟骨細胞を培養する工程を含む
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 発現を導く前記工程は、Oct3/4ポリペプチド、Sox2ポリペプチド、Klf4ポリペプチド、及びc−Mycポリペプチドの発現を導くために、1以上の発現ベクターを軟骨細胞の集団に導入する工程を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 多能性幹細胞又は分化多能性幹細胞は、Oct4、Rex−1、SSEA4、Tra1−60、及びTra1−81から成る群から選択された2以上の遺伝子を発現する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 軟骨細胞の集団は成人のヒトに由来する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 多能性幹細胞又は分化多能性幹細胞の集団から軟骨細胞の集団を生成する方法であって、該方法は:
i)請求項1に記載の方法に従って多能性幹細胞又は分化多能性幹細胞の集団を生成する工程であって、多能性肝細胞又は分化多能性肝細胞は多能性肝細胞又は分化多能性肝細胞のコロニーを形成する、工程;
ii)細胞集合体を製造するために多能性幹細胞又は分化多能性幹細胞のコロニーを機械的に切開する工程;
iii)集合体由来の細胞を製造するために集密度になるまで、組織培養処理した容器において細胞集合体を培養する工程;
iv)軟骨前駆細胞を製造するために、培養において少なくとも1回、集合体由来の細胞を継代する工程;及び
v)軟骨前駆細胞を三次元培養に入れる工程
を含み、
ここで、前記方法は、胚様体の形成を含まない
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 集合体由来の細胞は、軟骨前駆細胞を製造するために少なくとも2回継代される、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 軟骨前駆細胞は、TGF−β3の存在下で三次元培養に入れられる、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 軟骨前駆細胞は、BMP−2の存在下で三次元培養に入れられる、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 三次元培養は、コラーゲン、プロテオグリカン、フィブリン、ヒアルロン酸、ポリ−D−ラクチド、ポリ−L−ラクチド、ポリ−DL−ラクチド、ポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸、ヒドロキシアパタイト、リン酸カルシウム、アテロコラーゲン、フィブリン、アルギン酸塩、寒天、ゼラチン、及びそれらの組み合わせから選択される構成成分を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 三次元培養はコラーゲンを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- コラーゲンは架橋結合される、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- コラーゲンは可溶化される、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 三次元培養はプロテオグリカンを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
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