JP6389618B2 - Machine tool guide for machine tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a movable body guide mechanism for supporting and guiding a movable body of a machine tool, for example, a horizontal machining center, for example, a main shaft so as to be movable in the horizontal direction.

In the horizontal machining center, for example, a spindle guide mechanism that supports and guides the spindle so as to be movable in the horizontal direction is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. In this conventional main shaft guide mechanism, a pair of left and right guide rails 27 are disposed in the head 3 supporting the main shaft 2 so as to extend in the horizontal direction, and a linear guide fixed to the main shaft 2 on the guide rail 27. 33 is slidably fitted, a ball screw 28 is disposed between the left and right guide rails 27, 27 so as to extend in the horizontal direction, and a nut member 45 fixed to the main shaft 2 is attached to the ball screw. The drive motor 31 is connected to one end of the ball screw 28, and the drive motor 31 is fixed to the head 3.

Japanese Patent No. 4373899

  The conventional spindle guide mechanism employs a structure in which a ball screw 28 is disposed between a pair of left and right guide rails 27 and 27 and a drive motor 31 is connected to a rear end portion of the ball screw 28. Therefore, it is necessary to dispose the ball screw and thus the drive motor 31 away from the axis of the main shaft 2 so as not to interfere with the guide rail 27, or to increase the distance between the guide rails 27, 27, and the main shaft guide mechanism becomes larger accordingly. There is a problem of doing.

  Further, if the ball screw is arranged away from the axis of the main shaft, a position far from the main shaft axis is driven, and there is a problem that residual vibration increases, acceleration is difficult to increase, and speed cannot be increased.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional situation. The ball screw and the drive motor can be disposed close to the axis of the moving body, the moving body guide mechanism can be made compact, and residual vibration can be suppressed. An object of the present invention is to provide a moving body guide mechanism for a machine tool that can increase the acceleration.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided at least two rod-shaped guide members and a slider that is fitted to each of the two guide members and moves relative to the guide member. In a moving body guide mechanism for a machine tool that guides a moving body along an axis parallel to a moving axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the guide member,
The mounting surfaces of the two guide members or the sliders to the moving body are symmetrical with respect to a plane including an axis parallel to the moving axis, and the angle between the mounting surfaces is 180 °. Arranged to be smaller ,
The line of intersection of the mounting surfaces is configured to exist on the moving body side with respect to the axis of a ball screw extending between the sliders along an axis parallel to the moving axis.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the movable body guide mechanism for a machine tool according to the first aspect, the two guide members or the sliders are arranged so that an angle formed by the mounting surfaces is 90 °. It is characterized by being installed.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the moving body guide mechanism for a machine tool according to the first or second aspect, the two guide members or the sliders are arranged so that the mounting surfaces extend in the horizontal direction. It is characterized by being.

Invention of Claim 4 is the main axis | shaft which rotationally drives the tool mounted in the front-end | tip part in the moving body guide mechanism of the machine tool of Claim 1 in which the said moving body has an axis line extended in a horizontal direction, The two guide members or the sliders are arranged at an angle between the mounting surfaces of 90 °, the mounting surfaces extending in the horizontal direction, and above the axis. It is characterized by.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the mounting surfaces of the two guide members or the sliders to the moving body are symmetrical with respect to a plane including an axis parallel to the moving axis, and Since the angle formed between the surfaces is smaller than 180 °, that is, the pair of guide members and the slider are arranged in the shape of a letter C extending outward from the plane, and the mounting surfaces are exchanged. Since the wire is arranged between the sliders so as to exist on the moving body side with respect to the axis of the ball screw extending along the axis parallel to the moving axis, the wire is arranged between the pair of guide members and the slider. The ball screw and thus the drive motor can be arranged close to the axis of the moving body, and the size of the moving body guide mechanism in the X-axis direction can be made compact accordingly.

  Further, since the ball screw can be disposed close to the axis of the moving body, a portion close to the center of gravity of the moving body can be driven, residual vibration can be suppressed, acceleration can be increased, and processing speed can be increased.

  In the invention of claim 2, since the angle formed by the mounting surfaces is 90 °, the cutting load and moment can be evenly received, for example, in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The life of the slider can be extended.

According to the invention of claim 3, when the two guide members or the sliders are arranged so that the mounting surfaces extend in the horizontal direction, the movable body is supported so as to be movable in the horizontal direction. In addition, the ball screw and the drive motor arranged between the pair of guide members and the slider can be arranged close to the axis of the moving body, and the moving body guide mechanism can be made compact accordingly.

According to the invention of claim 4, the angle between the mounting surfaces of the main shaft arranged in the horizontal direction is 90 °, and each mounting surface extends in the horizontal direction, and further above the axis of the main shaft. Since the guide member and the slider arranged in the guide are guided, the lowest end position of the Y-axis stroke of the spindle can be lowered downward compared to the case where the guide mechanism is provided on the lower side of the spindle. As a result, the arrangement position of the workpiece to be machined by the spindle can be lowered, and handling such as removal and attachment of the workpiece is facilitated accordingly.

  In addition, since there is no guide mechanism below the main shaft, there is room in space, and the bed support rigidity can be improved by using the space.

1 is a front view of a horizontal machining center provided with a spindle guide mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a side view of the said horizontal type machining center. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the horizontal machining center (a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 1). It is a front view of the spindle guide mechanism portion of the horizontal machining center.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1-4 is a figure for demonstrating the horizontal type | mold machining center provided with the spindle guide mechanism based on Example 1 of this invention.

  In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a horizontal machining center (machine tool). The horizontal machining center 1 includes a bed 2, a column 3 mounted on the bed 2 so as to be movable in the left-right (X-axis) direction in front view, A saddle 4 is supported on the front surface of the column 3 so as to be movable in the vertical (Y-axis) direction, and a main shaft 5 is supported on the saddle 4 so as to be movable in the front-rear (Z-axis) direction.

  The bed 2 is formed with a front rail mounting surface 2a and a rear rail mounting surface 2b extending horizontally in the X-axis direction. The rear rail mounting surface 2b is arranged at a one-step height with respect to the front rail mounting surface 2a. A ball screw mounting portion 2c is formed on the back side of the front rail mounting surface 2a so as to be slightly depressed, and an inclined wall 2d that increases between the ball screw mounting portion 2c and the rear rail mounting surface 2b toward the rear side. It has become.

A front X-axis guide rail 6a and a rear X-axis guide rail 6a 'extending in the X-axis direction are fixed to the front and rear rail mounting surfaces 2a and 2b so as to be parallel to the X-axis. .

The column 3 has a left and right side wall portions 3a and 3b, and a bottom wall portion 3c and a top wall portion 3d that connect lower end portions and upper end portions of the left and right side wall portions 3a and 3b in front view. And has a vertically long rectangular frame shape. The front end surfaces 3e of the left and right side wall portions 3a and 3b of the column 3 form a vertical surface, and the rear end surface 3f forms an inclined surface positioned rearward toward the lower end side, and as a result, the left and right side wall portions 3a. , 3b are substantially trapezoidal in a side view.

Left and right front X-axis sliders 6b and 6b are fixed to the front end portion of the bottom wall 3c of the column 3, and left and right rear X-axis sliders 6b 'and 6b' are front portions at the rear end portion. It is fixed so as to be positioned one step higher than the X-axis slider 6b. The front and rear X-axis sliders 6b and 6b 'are slidably fitted to the front X-axis guide rail 6a and the rear X-axis guide rail 6a', respectively.

An X-axis ball screw 8a extending in the X-axis direction is disposed on the ball screw mounting portion 2c of the bed 2 so as to be parallel to the X-axis. The X-axis ball screw 8a is supported on the ball screw mounting portion 2c by a bearing 8b so as to be rotatable and immovable in the axial direction.

An X-axis nut member (not shown) is screwed into the X-axis ball screw 8, and the X-axis nut member is fixed to the bottom wall portion 3 c of the column 3. Furthermore, an X-axis drive motor 8c is connected to one end of the X-axis ball screw 8a, and the motor 8c is fixed to the ball screw mounting portion 2c.

When the X-axis drive motor 8c rotationally drives the X-axis ball screw 8a, the column 3 moves forward and backward in the X-axis direction.

The left and right Y-axis guide rails 7a and 7a 'extending in the Y-axis direction are arranged and fixed on the left and right side walls 3a and 3b of the column 3 so as to be parallel to the Y-axis. Has been.

The saddle 4 includes a front portion 4a having a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the front, and a support portion 4b extending integrally rearward from the front portion 4a. Left and right Y-axis sliders 7b and 7b 'are fixed to the upper, lower left and right corners of the back surface of the front portion 4a, and the left and right Y-axis sliders 7b and 7b' are fixed to the column. The left and right Y-axis guide rails 7a and 7a 'fixed to 3 are slidably fitted in the Y-axis direction.

A Y-axis ball screw 9a extending in the Y-axis direction is disposed on the back side of the front portion 4a of the saddle 4 so as to be adjacent to the left Y-axis guide rail 7a and in parallel with the Y-axis. ing. A Y-axis nut member 9b is screwed into the middle part of the Y-axis ball screw 9a, and the Y-axis nut member 9b is fixed to the back surface of the front part 4a. Furthermore, a Y-axis drive motor 9c is connected to the upper end of the Y-axis ball screw 9a, and the Y-axis drive motor 9c is fixed to the top wall 3d of the column 3.

When the Y-axis drive motor 9c rotationally drives the Y-axis ball screw 9a, the saddle 4 moves up and down in the Y-axis direction.

The left and right rail mounting surfaces 4c and 4c 'are formed on the support portion 4b of the saddle 4 so as to extend in the Z-axis direction. The left and right rail mounting surfaces 4c and 4c 'are symmetrical with respect to the left and right sides of a vertical surface S including an axis A of the main shaft 5 described later, and are formed by the rail mounting surfaces 4c and 4c'. It is formed so that θ is 90 °. Left and right Z-axis guide rails 10a and 10a 'extending in the Z-axis direction are fixed to the left and right rail mounting surfaces 4c and 4c'.

The main shaft 5 includes a rectangular tubular casing 5a, a main shaft main body 5b that is rotatably inserted into the casing 5a, and a main shaft motor (not shown) that rotationally drives the main shaft main body 5b.

Left and right slider mounting surfaces 5c and 5c 'are opposed to the rail mounting surfaces 4c and 4c' and extend in the Z-axis direction above the axis A on the outer surface of the casing 5a. ing. Similar to the rail mounting surfaces 4c and 4c ', the slider mounting surfaces 5c and 5c' are symmetrical with respect to the left and right sides of the vertical surface S, and are formed by the slider mounting surfaces 5c and 5c '. It is formed so that θ is 90 °.

Two left and right Z-axis sliders 10b and 10b 'are fixed to the left and right slider mounting surfaces 5c and 5c', respectively. The Z-axis sliders 10b and 10b 'are respectively connected to the Z-axis guide rail 10a, 10a 'is slidably fitted in the Z-axis direction.

In this way, the Z-axis sliding portions 10d and 10d 'including the left and right Z-axis guide rails 10a and 10a' and the left and right Z-axis sliders 10b and 10b 'are directed upward with respect to the vertical surface S. It spreads outward.

A Z-axis ball screw 11a extending in the Z-axis direction is disposed so as to be positioned between the left and right Z-axis sliding portions 10d and 10d 'of the casing 5a of the main shaft 5. A Z-axis nut member 11b is screwed into the middle portion of the Z-axis ball screw 11a, and the Z-axis nut member 11b is fixed to the upper end portion of the outer surface of the casing 5a. A Z-axis drive motor 11c is connected to the rear end portion of the Z-axis ball screw 11a, and the motor 11c is fixed to the rear end portion 4c of the support portion 4b of the saddle 4.

In the horizontal machining center 1 according to this embodiment, the column 3 is moved in the X-axis direction, the saddle 4 is moved in the Y-axis direction, and the main shaft 5 is further moved in the Z-axis direction. A tool (not shown) attached to the tip moves in the X, Y, and Z axis directions, and the required machining is performed on the workpiece.

In the first embodiment, the two Z-axis guide rails 10a and 10a 'are fixed to the support portion 4b of the saddle 4, and the Z-axis sliders 10b and 10b' screwed to the both guide rails 10a and 10a 'are fixed. When the main shaft 5 is fixed to the casing 5a, the guide rail mounting surfaces 4c and 4c ′ and the slider mounting surfaces 5c and 5c ′ are symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane S including the axis A of the main shaft body 5b. In addition, the angle θ formed between the mounting surfaces 4c and 4c ′ and the angle θ between the mounting surfaces 5c and 5c ′ are both 90 °, that is, the pair of Z-axis sliding portions 10d and 10d ′ are located on the plane S. On the other hand, it was arranged so as to form an outwardly expanded C shape.

Therefore, the substantial interval between the pair of Z-axis sliding portions 10d and 10d 'is widened, and the Z-axis ball screw 11a and thus the Z-axis drive motor 11c disposed therebetween are brought closer to the axis A of the main spindle body 5a. The main shaft guide mechanism can be made compact accordingly.

By the way, when the mounting surfaces are 180 °, that is, when the mounting surfaces are arranged on the same plane, the Z-axis ball screw or the like is used to avoid interference with the Z-axis sliding portion. It is necessary to dispose them away from the axis A or increase the distance between the left and right Z-axis sliding portions, and in any case, there is a risk that the main shaft guide mechanism will be enlarged.

Further, since the Z-axis ball screw 11a can be disposed close to the axis A of the main spindle body 5b, the ball screw 11a can drive a portion closer to the center of gravity, thereby reducing residual vibrations and increasing the acceleration to increase the machining speed. It can be improved.

Furthermore, since the angle θ between the guide rail mounting surfaces 4c and 4c ′ and the slider mounting surfaces 5c and 5c ′ is 90 °, the cutting load and moment are evenly distributed in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The life of the Z-axis guide rails 10a and 10a ′ and the Z-axis sliders 10b and 10b ′ can be extended.

Further, the two Z-axis guide rails 10a and 10a 'are fixed to the support portion 4b of the saddle 4, and the Z-axis sliders 10b and 10b' screwed to the both guide rails 10a and 10a 'are connected to the casing 5a of the main shaft 5. Since these are disposed above the axis A of the main spindle body 5a, the lowermost position of the Y-axis stroke of the main spindle 5 is made lower than when a guide mechanism is provided below the axis A. As a result, the position of the work to be processed by the main spindle body 5b can be lowered, and handling of the work such as attachment / detachment of the work becomes easier.

Further, since the main shaft guide mechanism is provided above the axis A of the main shaft 5, a space margin can be obtained between the main shaft 5 and the bed 2 as compared with the case where the main shaft guide mechanism is provided on the lower side. Accordingly, the rear rail mounting surface 2b of the bed 2 is arranged at a one-step height with respect to the front rail mounting surface 2a, and the inclination increases between the ball screw mounting portion 2c and the rear rail mounting surface 2b toward the rear side. It was possible to provide the wall 2d. As a result, it is possible to improve the support rigidity of the column 3 by the bed 2 and to withstand the Z-axis machining reaction force while reducing the weight of the column 3.

In the above-described embodiment, the Z-axis sliding portions 10d and 10d 'are provided only on the upper side of the axis A of the main shaft 5, but a Z-axis sliding portion may be provided on the lower side as well. Residual vibration can be further reduced and acceleration can be increased.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where the main shaft as the moving body moves in the horizontal direction has been described. However, the present invention also applies to a machine tool in which the moving body moves in the vertical direction, for example, a vertical machining center. The present invention can be applied to a main shaft guide mechanism.

Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the angle θ between the mounting surfaces is 90 ° has been described. However, the angle θ in the present invention may be an angle smaller than 180 °.

10a, 10a 'Z-axis guide rails 10b, 10b' Z-axis slider 5 Main shaft (moving body)
A axis

Claims (1)

At least one rod-shaped guide member and at least one of each of the two guide members are fitted to each other, and a moving body is moved by the slider that moves relative to the guide member. In a moving body guide mechanism of a machine tool that is guided along an axis parallel to a moving axis extending in the longitudinal direction,
The mounting surfaces of the two guide members or the sliders to the moving body are symmetrical with respect to a plane including an axis parallel to the moving axis, and the angle between the mounting surfaces is 180 °. Arranged to be smaller ,
A machine tool characterized in that a line of intersection between the mounting surfaces exists on the moving body side with respect to an axis of a ball screw extending between the sliders along an axis parallel to the moving axis. Mobile body guide mechanism.

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