JP6352245B2 - 置換オリゴトリアリーレン単位を含むポリマーおよびこれらのポリマーを含むエレクトロルミネセンス素子 - Google Patents
置換オリゴトリアリーレン単位を含むポリマーおよびこれらのポリマーを含むエレクトロルミネセンス素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6352245B2 JP6352245B2 JP2015506112A JP2015506112A JP6352245B2 JP 6352245 B2 JP6352245 B2 JP 6352245B2 JP 2015506112 A JP2015506112 A JP 2015506112A JP 2015506112 A JP2015506112 A JP 2015506112A JP 6352245 B2 JP6352245 B2 JP 6352245B2
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 137
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005309 thioalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004986 diarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005240 diheteroarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004475 heteroaralkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005133 alkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims 1
- KPKKYAUSTLCFFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane silane Chemical compound [SiH4].C1CO1 KPKKYAUSTLCFFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 75
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 24
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 19
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- -1 Dridine Chemical compound 0.000 description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 15
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 6
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(pinacolato)diboron Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- DNDQHMRAIADVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2,6-dimethyloctane Chemical compound CCC(C)(Cl)CCCC(C)C DNDQHMRAIADVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical group C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDKCEZNPAYWORX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 CDKCEZNPAYWORX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GQXFSXMUBDPXBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=CC=C1Br GQXFSXMUBDPXBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 0 CCS*1(C(C*O)C1)IC(CC(*)(C(*)CCC1C)N)C1N([Al]C)[Al](N(*C)C(CCCC(*)(/*(/*)=C1)[Al]*)C1IC1(C*)C(C[Al]*)C1)[U] Chemical compound CCS*1(C(C*O)C1)IC(CC(*)(C(*)CCC1C)N)C1N([Al]C)[Al](N(*C)C(CCCC(*)(/*(/*)=C1)[Al]*)C1IC1(C*)C(C[Al]*)C1)[U] 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl(diphenyl)phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].Cl[Pd]Cl.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4(C=5C(C6=CC=CC=C6C=5)=CC=C4)C=CC=C3C2=C1 ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methoxy-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPLLWKZDMKTEMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-(3-bromophenyl)benzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC(C=2C=C(Br)C=CC=2)=C1 LPLLWKZDMKTEMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HDXRVXNYEDMCJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,8-dibromo-6,6,12,12-tetraoctylindeno[1,2-b]fluorene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=C(Br)C=C3C(CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)C2=CC2=C1C(CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)C1=CC(Br)=CC=C12 HDXRVXNYEDMCJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005730 thiophenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiracizine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)CN(C)C)C2=CC(NC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
Ar1〜Ar5は、出現毎に、各場合に同一であるか異なり、1以上の基Rにより置換されていてもよい、5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するモノもしくはポリ環状の芳香族または複素環式芳香族環構造であり、
iおよびjは、それぞれ0または1であり、(i+j)の合計は1であり;
Rは、出現毎に同一であるか異なり、H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、N(R1)2、CN、NO2、Si(R1)3、B(OR1)2、C(=O)R1、P(=O)(R1)2、S(=O)R1、S(=O)2R1、1〜40個のC原子を有する直鎖アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基、3〜40個のC原子を有する分岐あるいは環状アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基(夫々1以上の基R1により置換されてよく、1以上の隣接しないCH2基は、R1C=CR1、C≡C、Si(R1)2、C=O、C=S、C=NR1、P(=O)(R1)、SO、SO2、NR1、O、SもしくはCONR1で置き代えられてよく、ここで、1以上のH原子は、D、F、Cl、Br、IもしくはCNで置き代えられてよい。)または、各場合に、1以上の基R1により置換されてよい5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するモノあるいはポリ環状の芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造、または1以上の基R1により置換されてよい5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するアリールオキシもしくはヘテロアリールオキシ基、または1以上の基R1により置換されてよい5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するアラルキルもしくはヘテロアラルキル基または1以上の基R1により置換されてよい10〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するジアリールアミノ基、ジヘテロアリールアミノ基もしくはアリールヘテロアミノ基または架橋結合可能基Qであり;ここで、2個以上の基Rは、モノあるいはポリ環状の脂肪族もしくは芳香族および/またはベンゾ縮合環構造を互いに形成してよく;
R1は、出現毎に同一であるか異なり、H、D、F、1〜20個のC原子を有する脂肪族炭化水素基、5〜20個のC原子を有する芳香族および/または複素環式芳香族炭化水素基であって、さらに、1以上のH原子は、Fで置き代えられてよく;ここで、2個以上の置換基R1は、モノあるいはポリ環状の脂肪族もしくは芳香族環構造を互いに形成してよく;
nは、1、2もしくは3、好ましくは、1または2,特に、好ましくは、1であり;
ここで、破線はポリマー中の隣接する構造単位への結合であり;
i=0でj=1の場合には、Ar2および/またはAr4は、二個のオルト位のうちの少なくとも一つで、好ましくは、一つで、Ar6によりそれぞれ置換され、ここで、Ar6は、1以上の基Rにより置換されていてもよい、5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するモノもしくはポリ環状の芳香族または複素環式芳香族環構造であることを特徴とし、および
i=1でj=0の場合には、Ar4および/またはAr5は、二個のオルト位のうちの少なくとも一つで、好ましくは、一つで、Ar6によりそれぞれ置換され、ここで、Ar6は、1以上の基Rにより置換されていてもよい、5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するモノもしくはポリ環状の芳香族または複素環式芳香族環構造であることを特徴とする。
したがって、式(I)の構造単位は、以下の構造単位の一つに対応する。
m=0、1、2、3または4であり、
Xは、CR2、NR、SiR2、O、SまたはP=O、好ましくは、CR2、NR、OまたはSであり、および
r=0または1、好ましくは、0である。
n=0、1、2または3であり、
Xは、CR2、NR、SiR2、O、S、C=OまたはP=O、好ましくは、CR2、NR、OまたはSであり、および
pとqは、それぞれ0または1であり、ここで(p+q)の合計は1または2、好ましくは、1である。
複素環式芳香族環構造は、モノあるいはポリ環状であってよく、換言すれば、1個の環または複数の環を含んでもよく、縮合してもあるいは共有結合してもよく(たとえば、ピリジルフェニル)または縮合環と連結環との組み合わせを含んでもよい。好ましくは、完全に共役したヘテロアリール基である。
p=0、1、2、3、4または5である。
群1:ポリマーの正孔注入および/または輸送特性に作用する単位。
本発明にしたがって好ましい架橋結合可能基Qは、以下に言及される基である。
適切な単位は、末端もしくは環状二重結合、末端ジエニル基または末端三重結合、特に、2〜40個のC原子、好ましくは、2〜10個のC原子を有し、個々のCH2基および/または個々のH原子は上記言及される基Rにより置き代えられてもよい末端もしくは環状アルケニル基、末端ジエニル基もしくは末端アルキニル基を含むものである。さらにまた適切なのは、前駆体と見なされ、二重あるいは三重結合をその場で生成することのできる基である。
さらに、適切なのは、アルケニルオキシ、ジエニルオキシもしくはアルキニルオキシ基、好ましくは、アルケニルオキシ基である。
さらに、適切なのは、最も広義の意味でのアクリル酸単位、好ましくは、アクリレート、アクリルアミド、メタクリレートおよびメタクリルアミドである。C1−10-アルキルアクリレートおよびC1−10-アルキルメタクリレートが、特に、好ましい。
架橋結合可能基Qのさらに適切なクラスは、開環によりカチオン的に架橋結合するオキセタンおよびオキシランである。
架橋結合可能基としてさらに適切なのは、シラン基SiR3であり、ここで、少なくとも2個の基R、好ましくは、全3個の基Rは、Clもしくは1〜20個のC原子を有するアルコキシ基である。この基は、水の存在下反応し、オリゴもしくはポリシロキサンを生じる。
上記言及した架橋結合可能基Qは、これらの基の反応に使用される適切な反応条件のように、当業者に、一般的に知られている。
(B)ヤマモト重合;
(C)スチル(STILLE)重合;
(D)ヘック(HECK)重合;
(E)ネギシ(NEGISHI)重合;
(F)ソノガシラ(SONOGASHIRA)重合;
(G)ヒヤマ(HIYAMA)重合;および
(H)ハートウイッグ-ブーフバルト(HARTWIG-BUCHWALD)重合;
これらの方法により重合を行うことができる方法およびポリマーを反応媒体から分離し純化することのできる方法は、当業者に知られ、文献、たとえば、WO 03/048225 A2、WO 2004/037887 A2およびWO 2004/037887 A2に記載されている。
(a)一以上の。架橋結合可能基Qを含む構造単位を含むポリマーの提供;および
(b)熱的もしくは放射により、好ましくは、熱誘導することができるフリーラジカルもしくはイオン性架橋結合、好ましくは、フリーラジカル性架橋結合。
パートA:モノマーの合成
全ての合成を、特に断らなければ、アルゴン雰囲気下で、無水溶剤中で行う。
アルキル化芳香族化合物を、以下例示して説明するプロセスAおよびBにより、フリーデル・クラフツ反応によって調製する。
4-ブロモ-2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレン(Bro3)をBull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1986, 59, 97-103にしたがって、脱アルキル化して、4-ブロモフルオレン(Bro5)を生じる:
1-ヨードオクタン(CAS 629-27-6)を使用して、Organometallics 2013, 32, 460-467に類似して、4-ブロモフルオレン(Bro4)をアルキル化して、4-ブロモ-9,9-ジ-n-オクチルフルオレン(Bro5)を生じることができる。
4-ブロモ-9,9’スピロビフルオレン(Spi1)を、以下のスキームにしたがい、Organic Letters 2009, 11, 2607-2610に類似して調製することができ、2つの工程にわたって77%の収率である。
2,8-ジブロモ-6,6,12,12-テトラオクチル-6,12-ジヒドロインデノ[1,2-b]フルオレンを、Macromolecules 2000, 33, 2016-2020にしたがって調製することができる。
30.0g(34.9ミリモル)の2,8-ジブロモ-6,6,12,12-テトラオクチル-6,12-ジヒドロインデノ[1,2-b]フルオレンを0.3lの無水トルエン中で溶解し、18.1g(72.6ミリモル)のビフェニル-2-イルフェニルアミン(CAS 35887-50-4)と、36.7g(111ミリモル)の炭酸セシウムと、0.32g(1.4ミリモル)の酢酸パラジウム(II)とを固形物として連続して添加し、溶液を窒素で飽和させる。2.8ml(2.8ミリモル)のトリ-t-ブチルホスフィン溶液(トルエン中1M)を添加し、反応混合物を還流下で24時間撹拌する。形物を濾過し、トルエンで洗浄する。濾過物を蒸発させ、高温のエタノールと共に撹拌し、吸引濾過し、沈殿した固形物と共に真空乾燥キャビネット中で乾燥させ、28.3g(理論値の68%)の黄色の固形物が残る。
エタノールで(24時間まで)延長撹拌した後でさえも、固形物として得られないか、または再結晶後に適切な純度で得られない化合物については、溶出剤としてトルエンを用いて、シリカゲル(物質の単位グラム当たり約20g)においてカラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製を行う。次いで、溶媒をロータリーエバポレーター中で可能な限り取り除き、最後に、真空乾燥キャビネットで乾燥させる。
プロセスA:Mo1.Brの調製
エタノールで(24時間まで)延長撹拌した後でさえも、固形物として得られないか、または再結晶後に適切な純度で得られない化合物については、溶出剤としてトルエンを用いて、シリカゲル(物質の単位グラム当たり約20g)においてカラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製を行う。次いで、溶媒をロータリーエバポレーター中で可能な限り取り除き、最後に、10−5ミリバールおよび180℃で加熱して溶媒の残留物と揮発性の不純物を取り除く。
プロセスA:Mo1.Boの調製
ヘプタンで(24時間まで)延長撹拌した後でさえも、固形物として得られないか、または再結晶後に適切な純度で得られない化合物については、溶出剤としてトルエンを用いて、シリカゲル(物質の単位グラム当たり約20g)においてカラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製を行う。次いで、溶媒をロータリーエバポレーター中で可能な限り取り除き、最後に、10−5ミリバールおよび180℃で加熱して溶媒の残留物と揮発性の不純物を取り除く。
A4.1 3,3’-ビス(ピナコラートボラニル)ビフェニル(Mo7.Bo)の調製
比較ポリマーV1とV2および本発明によるポリマーPo1〜Po14の調製
比較ポリマーV1とV2および本発明によるポリマーPo1〜Po14を、WO 2010/097155に記載のプロセスにしたがい、スズキカップリングによってパートAに示したモノマーから調製する。
本発明によるポリマーを溶液から処理することができ、OLEDは、真空処理のOLEDよりも製造が非常に容易であるにもかかわらず良品質をもつ結果が得られた。
構造Aは以下のとおりである:
−基板、
−ITO(50cm)、
−PEDOT(80nm)、
−正孔輸送層(HTL)(20nm)、
−発光層(EML)(60nm)、
−正孔ブロック層(HBL)(10nm)、
−電子輸送層(ETL)(40nm)、
−陰極。
−基板、
−ITO(50cm)、
−PEDOT(20nm)、
−正孔輸送層(HTL)(40nm)、
−発光層(EML)(30nm)、
−電子輸送層(ETL)(20nm)、
−陰極。
Claims (11)
- 少なくとも一つの以下の式(I−1c)または(I−1d)の構造単位を含むポリマー:
Ar1〜Ar5は、出現毎に、各場合に同一であるか異なり、1以上の基Rにより置換されていてもよい、5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するモノもしくはポリ環状の芳香族または複素環式芳香族環構造であり、
Rは、出現毎に同一であるか異なり、H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、N(R1)2、CN、NO2、Si(R1)3、B(OR1)2、C(=O)R1、P(=O)(R1)2、S(=O)R1、S(=O)2R1、OSO2R1、1〜40個のC原子を有する直鎖アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基、3〜40個のC原子を有する分岐あるいは環状アルキル、アルコキシもしくはチオアルコキシ基(夫々1以上の基R1により置換されてよく、1以上の隣接しないCH2基は、R1C=CR1、C≡C、Si(R1)2、C=O、C=S、C=NR1、P(=O)(R1)、SO、SO2、NR1、O、SもしくはCONR1で置き代えられてよく、ここで、1以上のH原子は、D、F、Cl、Br、IもしくはCNで置き代えられてよい。)または、各場合に、1以上の基R1により置換されてよい5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するモノあるいはポリ環状の芳香族もしくは複素環式芳香族環構造、または1以上の基R1により置換されてよい5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するアリールオキシもしくはヘテロアリールオキシ基、または1以上の基R1により置換されてよい5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するアラルキルもしくはヘテロアラルキル基、または1以上の基R1により置換されてよい10〜40個の芳香族環原子を有するジアリールアミノ基、ジヘテロアリールアミノ基もしくはアリールヘテロアリールアミノ基または架橋結合可能基Qであり;ここで、2個以上の基Rは、モノあるいはポリ環状の脂肪族もしくは芳香族および/またはベンゾ縮合環構造を互いに形成してよく;
Qは、
−末端もしくは環状アルケニルまたは末端ジエニル基およびアルキニル基;
−アルケニルオキシ、ジエニルオキシもしくはアルキニルオキシ基
−アクリル酸基
−オキセタンおよびオキシラン
−シラン、および
−シクロブタン基
より成る基から選ばれ;
R1は、出現毎に同一であるか異なり、H、D、F、1〜20個のC原子を有する脂肪族炭化水素基、5〜20個のC原子を有する芳香族および/または複素環式芳香族炭化水素基であって、さらに、1以上のH原子は、Fで置き代えられてよく;ここで、2個以上の置換基R1は、モノあるいはポリ環状の脂肪族もしくは芳香族環構造を互いに形成してよく;
nは、1、2もしくは3であり;
ここで、破線はポリマー中の隣接する構造単位への結合であり;
Ar6は、1以上の基Rにより置換されていてもよい、5〜60個の芳香族環原子を有するモノもしくはポリ環状の芳香族または複素環式芳香族環構造であり、
m=0、1、2、3または4であり、
n=0、1、2または3であり、
Xは、CR2、SiR2、O、S、C=OまたはP=Oであり、および
pとqは、それぞれ0または1であり、ここで(p+q)の合計は1または2である。 - ポリマー中の式(I−1c)、(I−1d)、(IV)、(V)、(VI)、(VII)および/または(IX)の構造単位の割合は、ポリマー中で構造単位として存在する全共重合可能なモノマーの100%を基礎として、50〜95モル%の範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載のポリマー。
- ポリマーが、式(I−1c)、(I−1d)、(IV)、(V)、(VI)、(VII)または(IX)の構造単位に加えて、式(I−1c)、(I−1d)、(IV)、(V)、(VI)、(VII)、(VIII)または(IX)の構造単位とは異なるさらなる構造単位をも含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3何れか1項記載のポリマー。
- スズキ重合、ヤマモト重合、スチル重合またはハートウイッグ-ブーフバルト重合によって製造されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4何れか1項記載のポリマーの製造方法。
- 少なくとも一つの式(I−1c)または(I−1d)の構造単位を含む請求項1〜4何れか1項記載の1以上のポリマーと、一以上の更なるポリマー状、オリゴマー状、樹状および/または低分子量物質とを含むポリマーブレンド。
- 1以上の溶媒中に、請求項1〜4何れか1項記載の1以上のポリマーまたは請求項6記載のポリマーブレンドを含む溶液または調合物。
- 請求項1〜4何れか1項記載の1以上のポリマーの、電子素子または光電子素子における使用。
- 一以上の活性層を有し、少なくとも一つのこれらの活性層が、請求項1〜4何れか1項記載の1以上のポリマーを含む、電子素子または光電子素子。
- 有機エレクトロルミッセンス素子(OLED)、有機発光電子化学電池(OLEC)、有機電界効果トランジスタ(O-FET)、有機集積回路(O-IC)、有機薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)、有機太陽電池(O-SC)、有機レーザーダイオード(O-laser)、有機光電池(OPV)素子もしくは有機光受容器(OPC)である請求項9記載の電子素子または光電子素子。
- 有機エレクトロルミッセンス素子(OLED)である請求項10記載の電子素子または光電子素子。
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