JP6205360B2 - 単純ヘルペスウイルスのナノエマルジョンワクチン - Google Patents
単純ヘルペスウイルスのナノエマルジョンワクチン Download PDFInfo
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- JP6205360B2 JP6205360B2 JP2014527252A JP2014527252A JP6205360B2 JP 6205360 B2 JP6205360 B2 JP 6205360B2 JP 2014527252 A JP2014527252 A JP 2014527252A JP 2014527252 A JP2014527252 A JP 2014527252A JP 6205360 B2 JP6205360 B2 JP 6205360B2
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- hsv
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Description
US 2012-0171249「病原性微生物を不活化する組成物、前記組成物を作製する方法、およびそれらの使用方法」;ならびに、US 2012-0064136「ナノエマルジョン組成物を用いる老化防止および抗しわ治療法」が含まれる。しかし、これらの参照はいずれも本発明の方法、組成物およびキットを教示するものでない。
本明細書で用いる用語「ナノエマルジョン」には、水に混和しない油相を水相と混合したときに、非極性残基(すなわち長い炭化水素鎖)を水から遠ざけかつ極性頭部基を水へ押しやる疎水力の結果として形成しうる小さい水中油分散物または液滴、ならびに他の脂質構造が含まれる。これらの他の脂質構造は、限定されるものでないが、単層、少数層、多層脂質小胞、ミセルおよびラメラ相を含む。本発明は、当業者が本明細書に開示した特定の実施形態の理解が必要なときに、この区別を理解しうると考えている。ナノエマルジョン粒子径は一般に300〜600ナノメートルである。
本発明は、HSVウイルスに対する免疫応答を増進する組成物および方法を提供する。具体的に、本発明はナノエマルジョンを免疫エンハンサーおよびアジュバントとして用いて、HSV全ウイルスおよび/または表面抗原に対する免疫応答の効力をブーストしかつ増加する組成物および方法を提供する。いくつかの実施形態においては、gB、gC、gDおよび/またはgEのリストからの少なくとも1つの単離されたHSV表面抗原を様々な割合でナノエマルジョンと混合する。
ワクチンは、特にワクチンが全ウイルスから成る場合、治療および/または予防しようとする疾患を引き起こさないことを確実にするために不活化ウイルスから成る必要がある。換言すれば、ウイルスの不活化はそのワクチンが感染性粒子を含まないことを確実にする。手法にはウイルスのホルマリンによる不活化が含まれてきた。しかし、ホルマリン不活化ワクチンは疾患増進を示し、それには、疾患増進を阻止するために重要である免疫反応のゆがみ(skewed)を示すこと、および保護免疫反応に必須である成熟樹状細胞による初回刺激が含まれる。生弱毒ワクチンの使用はワクチンが最小の免疫原性しか無いことが示されているので成功が限られている。
1. HSV免疫源
本発明のナノエマルジョンHSVワクチン中に存在するHSV免疫原は全HSVウイルス(HSV-1またはHSV-2)であってもよく、HSV-1およびHSV-2の未変性、組換え、および突然変異株が含まれる。本発明の一実施形態において、そのHSVウイルスは1以上の抗ウイルス薬に耐性、例えばアシクロビルに耐性であってもよい。いずれの公知のHSV株を本発明のワクチンに用いてもよい。
以上記載したように、本発明によるナノエマルジョンHSVワクチンを作るために少なくとも1つのHSV免疫原と組み合わせるナノエマルジョンは、少なくとも1種の溶媒、少なくとも1種の油、および少なくとも1種の界面活性剤を含むものである。
水相は、限定されるものでないが、水(例えば、H2O、蒸留水、精製水、注射用水、脱イオン水、水道水)および溶液(例えば、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)溶液)を含むいずれの型の水相を含んでもよい。特定の実施形態において、水相は約4〜10、好ましくは約6〜8のpHの水を含む。水は脱イオン水(以下「DiH2O」と記す)であってもよい。いくつかの実施形態において、水相はリン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)を含む。水相はさらに無菌でかつパイロジェンを含まないものであってもよい。
本発明のナノエマルジョンはまた、特定の溶媒、例えば、有機溶媒に限定されるものでない。様々な溶媒が意図されていて、限定されるものでないが、アルコール(例えば、限定されるものでないが、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、および オクタノール)、グリセリン、ポリエチレングリコール、および有機リン酸系の溶媒が含まれる。
本発明のナノエマルジョンHSVワクチン中の油はいずれの化粧上または製薬上許容される油であってもよい。油は、揮発性または不揮発性であってよく、動物油、植物油、天然油、合成油、炭化水素油、シリコーン油、それらの半合成誘導体、およびそれらの組み合わせから選んでもよい。
いくつかの実施形態において、ナノエマルジョンはさらに界面活性剤を含む。本発明は、特定の界面活性剤に限定されるものでない。様々な界面活性剤を意図しており、それには、限定されるものでないが、非イオンおよびイオン界面活性剤(例えば、TRITONX-100;TWEEN20;およびTYLOXAPOL)が含まれる。
本発明のナノエマルジョンHSVワクチンにおける使用に好適なさらなる化合物には、限定されるものでないが、1種または複数種の溶媒、例えば、有機リン酸ベースの溶媒、増量剤、着色剤、製薬上許容される賦形剤、保存剤、pH調整剤、バッファー、キレート剤などが含まれる。さらなる化合物を予め乳化したナノエマルジョンワクチン中に混合してもよく、またはさらなる化合物を乳化すべき元の混合物に加えてもよい。ある特定のこれらの実施形態においては、その使用直前に、1種または複数種のさらなる化合物を既存のナノエマルジョン組成物中に混合する。
本発明のナノエマルジョンHSVワクチンは、約1,000nm未満の平均直径サイズを有する液滴を含むものである。本発明の他の実施形態において、前記液滴サイズは、約950nm未満、約900nm未満、約850nm未満、約800nm未満、約750nm未満、約700nm未満、約650nm未満、約600nm未満、約550nm未満、約500nm未満、約450nm未満、約400nm未満、約350nm未満、約300nm未満、約250nm未満、約200nm未満、約150nm未満、またはそれらのいずれかの組み合わせの平均直径サイズを有する液滴を含むものである。一実施形態において、液滴は約125nm超、および約600nm以下の平均直径サイズを有する。色々な実施形態において、液滴は約50nm超または約70nm超、および約125nm以下の平均直径サイズを有する。
本発明のナノエマルジョンHSVワクチンは、治療有効量のナノエマルジョンHSVワクチンおよび製薬上許容される送達のための製薬上許容される賦形剤を含む医薬組成物に製剤することができる。かかる賦形剤は、当技術分野では公知である。
本発明のナノエマルジョンHSVワクチンは約40℃および約75%相対湿度にて、少なくとも約2日まで、少なくとも約2週間まで、少なくとも約1か月まで、少なくとも約3か月、少なくとも約6か月まで、少なくとも約12か月、少なくとも約18か月まで、少なくとも約2年間、少なくとも約2.5年まで、または少なくとも約3年迄安定でありうる。
本発明のナノエマルジョンは、古典的なエマルジョン形成技術を用いて形成することができる。例えば、U.S.2004/0043041を参照されたい。例示の一方法においては、比較的高いせん断力の下で(例えば、高い水力および機械力を用いて)油を水相と混合して、約約1%油の平均直径を有する油滴を含むナノエマルジョンを得る。本発明のいくつかの実施形態は、エタノールなどのアルコールを含む油相を有するナノエマルジョンを使用する。油相および水相を、エマルジョンを形成するのに十分なせん断力を生じうるいずれかの装置、例えば、フレンチプレスまたは高せん断ミキサーを用いてブレンドしてもよい(例えば、Admix社、Manchester、N.H.などのFDA認可済み高せん断ミキサーが利用可能である)。かかるエマルジョンを生成する方法は、参照によりその全てが本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許第5,103,497号および同第4,895,452号に記載されている。
本発明は、例えば以下の実施形態を包含する:
[実施形態1](a)ナノエマルジョンが水中油ナノエマルジョンまたはその希釈物を含む免疫増進性ナノエマルジョン;および
(b)単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)抗原が全HSVウイルス、単離されたHSV抗原、またはそれらの組み合わせでありかつHSV抗原が該ナノエマルジョン内に存在する、少なくとも1つのHSV抗原
を含むワクチン組成物。
[実施形態2]HSV抗原がナノエマルジョン中への組み込み前に不活化される、および/または、HSV抗原がナノエマルジョンにより不活化される、実施形態1に記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態3]HSV抗原がHSV由来でありかつ少なくとも1つの単離されたHSV gB、HSV gC、HSV gDまたはHSV gE糖タンパク質またはそれらの免疫原性断片を含む、実施形態1または2に記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態4]1以上のHSV表面抗原がさらに弱毒表現型を示すヌクレオチド改変を含む、実施形態3に記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態5]少なくとも1つのHSV表面抗原が融合タンパク質中に存在する、実施形態1〜4のいずれかに記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態6]少なくとも1つのHSV表面抗原がHSV gB、HSV gC、HSV gDまたはHSV gE糖タンパク質の免疫原性ペプチド断片またはそれらの免疫原性誘導体中に存在する、実施形態3〜5のいずれかに記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態7]免疫増進性ナノエマルジョンがTh1、Th2および/またはTh17免疫応答を誘導することができる、実施形態1〜6のいずれかに記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態8]ナノエマルジョン粒子径が約300nm〜約600nmである、実施形態1〜7のいずれかに記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態9]さらにアジュバントを含む、実施形態1〜8のいずれかに記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態10]さらに製薬上許容される担体を含む、実施形態1〜9のいずれかに記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態11]ワクチン組成物を非経口、膣内、経口または鼻腔内に投与する、実施形態1〜10のいずれかに記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態12]非経口投与が皮下、腹腔内または筋肉内注入によるものである、実施形態11に記載のワクチン組成物。
[実施形態13]有効量のナノエマルジョンHSVワクチン組成物を個体に投与するステップを含むものである、単純ヘルペスウイルスにより引き起された疾患に対する免疫の増進を誘導するための、実施形態1〜12のいずれかに記載のワクチン組成物の使用。
[実施形態14]ヒトのHSV感染を治療または予防するために有用なナノエマルジョンHSVワクチンを調製する方法であって、
(a)真核生物宿主において1以上の全長または免疫原性断片のHSV表面抗原を組換えDNA遺伝子ベクターおよび構築物を利用して合成するステップであって、HSV表面抗原がHSV gB、HSV gC、HSV gD、および HSV gEから成る群より選択される前記ステップ;
(b)1以上の表面抗原またはその免疫原性断片を真核生物宿主から単離するステップ;および
(c)1以上の表面抗原を水中油ナノエマルジョンと共に製剤するステップ
を含むものである前記方法。
[実施形態15]真核生物宿主が哺乳動物細胞である、実施形態14に記載の方法。
[実施形態16]真核生物宿主が酵母細胞である、実施形態14に記載の方法。
[実施形態17]HSVがHSV-1である、実施形態14〜16に記載の方法。
[実施形態18]HSVがHSV-2である、実施形態14〜16に記載の方法。
[実施形態19]1以上の多価単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)表面抗原と組み合わせた免疫増進性ナノエマルジョンを含むサブユニットワクチン組成物であって、ナノエマルジョンがさらに水中油ナノエマルジョンまたはその希釈物および好ましくはナノエマルジョン内に含有される単離されたウイルス抗原を含む前記ワクチン組成物。
[実施形態20]1以上の多価表面抗原がHSV由来でありかつ単離されたHSV gB、gC、gDまたはgE糖タンパク質またはそれらの免疫原性断片を含む、実施形態19に記載のサブユニットワクチン組成物。
[実施形態21]さらにアジュバントを含む、実施形態19または20に記載のサブユニットワクチン組成物。
[実施形態22]さらに少なくとも1種の製薬上許容される担体を含む、実施形態19〜21のいずれかに記載のサブユニットワクチン組成物。
[実施形態23]ワクチン組成物を非経口、経口、膣内、または鼻腔内に投与する、実施形態19〜22のいずれかに記載のサブユニットワクチン組成物。
本実施例の目的はナノエマルジョンHSVワクチンに用いるナノエマルジョンの調製を記載することであった。
本実施例の目的はHSVワクチン用のアジュバントとして有用な例示のナノエマルジョンを記載することであった。
本実施例の目的はナノエマルジョンのウイルス抗原との結合を立証する
ことであった。
様々な改変と変法が本発明の精神と範囲から逸脱することなく本発明の方法および組成物においてなすことができるのは当業者に明らかでありうる。従って、本発明は、本発明の改変と変法が添付せる請求項およびその同等体の範囲内にあることを条件として、前記改変と変法を含むものであることを意図している。
Claims (15)
- (a)水中油ナノエマルジョンまたはその希釈物を含む免疫増進性ナノエマルジョン;
(b)該ナノエマルジョン内に存在する少なくとも1つの単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)gD抗原、ここで該HSV gD抗原がHSV-1 gD、HSV-2 gD、またはHSV-1 gDもしくはHSV-2 gDの免疫原性断片である;ならびに
(c)該ナノエマルジョン内に存在する少なくとも1つのHSV gB抗原、ここで該HSV gB抗原がHSV-1 gB、HSV-2 gB、またはHSV-1 gBもしくはHSV-2 gBの免疫原性断片である;
を含む、単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)に対する免疫応答を誘導するためのワクチン組成物であって、
該HSV gD抗原及び該HSV gB抗原がそれぞれ組換えにより作製されたものであるか、ウイルス単離物から抽出されたものである、ワクチン組成物。 - HSV-1 gB、HSV-2 gB、HSV-1 gD、またはHSV-2 gDの免疫原性ペプチド断片あるいはそれら糖タンパク質のいずれかの免疫原性誘導体を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 1以上のHSV抗原がさらに弱毒表現型を示すヌクレオチド改変を含む、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つのHSV抗原が融合タンパク質中に存在する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- HSV抗原が組換え抗原である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 免疫増進性ナノエマルジョンがTh1、Th2および/またはTh17免疫応答を誘導することができる、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- ナノエマルジョンが1000nm未満の平均粒子径を有する液滴を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- ナノエマルジョンが300nm〜600nmの平均粒子径を有する液滴を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- さらにアジュバント、製薬上許容される担体またはそれらの組合せを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- (a)組成物が非経口、膣内、経口または鼻腔内投与用に処方される、あるいは
(b)組成物が非経口投与用に処方され、かつ非経口投与が皮下、腹腔内または筋肉内注入によるものである、
請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。 - 組成物が鼻腔内投与用に処方される、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- ナノエマルジョンが100μg未満のHSV抗原を含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)により引き起された疾患に対する免疫の増進を誘導するための医薬の製造における、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- ヒトのHSV感染を治療または予防するために有用なナノエマルジョン単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)ワクチンを調製する方法であって、
(a)真核生物宿主(ヒトを除く)において少なくとも1つの単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)gD抗原および少なくとも1つのHSV gB抗原を合成するステップであって、該HSV gD抗原がHSV-1 gD、HSV-2 gD、またはHSV-1 gDもしくはHSV-2 gDの免疫原性断片であり、該HSV gB抗原がHSV-1 gB、HSV-2 gB、またはHSV-1 gBもしくはHSV-2 gBの免疫原性断片である、前記ステップ;
(b)該HSV gD抗原及び該HSV gB抗原またはその免疫原性断片を真核生物宿主から単離するステップ;ならびに
(c)該HSV gD抗原及び該HSV gB抗原を免疫増進性水中油ナノエマルジョンと共に製剤するステップ
を含み、該HSV gD抗原及び該HSV gB抗原が該ナノエマルジョン内に組み込まれる、前記方法。 - 真核生物宿主が哺乳動物細胞または酵母細胞である、請求項14に記載の方法。
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