JP6294428B2 - 薄膜トランジスタの半導体層用酸化物の製造方法、および薄膜トランジスタの特性を向上する方法 - Google Patents
薄膜トランジスタの半導体層用酸化物の製造方法、および薄膜トランジスタの特性を向上する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 78
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 108091006149 Electron carriers Proteins 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910007610 Zn—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 80
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 TiO 2 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007541 Zn O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007604 Zn—Sn—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001552 radio frequency sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxalate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Description
(ア)[In]/([In]+[Sn])≦0.5のときは下式(2)、(4)を満足し、
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])
≦1.4×{[Zn]/([Zn]+[Sn])}−0.5・・・(2)
0.1≦[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])・・・(4)
(イ)[In]/([In]+[Sn])>0.5のときは下式(1)、(3)、(4)を満足するところに要旨を有するものである。
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.3・・・(1)
[Zn]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.83・・・(3)
0.1≦[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])・・・(4)
(ア)[In]/([In]+[Sn])≦0.5のときは下式(2)、(4)を満足し、
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])
≦1.4×{[Zn]/([Zn]+[Sn])}−0.5・・・(2)
0.1≦[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])・・・(4)
(イ)[In]/([In]+[Sn])>0.5のときは下式(1)、(3)、(4)を満足するところに要旨を有するものである。
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.3・・・(1)
[Zn]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.83・・・(3)
0.1≦[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])・・・(4)
(ア)[In]/([In]+[Sn])≦0.5のときは下式(2)、(4)を満足し、
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])
≦1.4×{[Zn]/([Zn]+[Sn])}−0.5・・・(2)
0.1≦[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])・・・(4)
(イ)[In]/([In]+[Sn])>0.5のときは下式(1)、(3)、(4)を満足する酸化物は所期の目的を達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.3・・・(1)
[Zn]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.83・・・(3)
0.1≦[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])・・・(4)
In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])を、説明の便宜上、「全金属元素中のIn比」と呼ぶ場合がある。
制御することが必要であることが判明した。
(ア)In比≦0.5のときは、全金属元素中のIn比が下式(2)を満たすものとし、
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])
≦1.4×{[Zn]/([Zn]+[Sn])}−0.5・・・(2)
(イ)In比>0.5のときは、全金属元素中のIn比が下式(1)を満たすことにした次第である。
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.3・・・(1)
(ア)[In]/([In]+[Sn])≦0.5のときは下式(2)、(4)を満足し、
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])
≦1.4×{[Zn]/([Zn]+[Sn])}−0.5・・・(2)
0.1≦[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])・・・(4)
(イ)[In]/([In]+[Sn])>0.5のときは下式(1)、(3)、(4)を満足するものである。
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.3・・・(1)
[Zn]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.83・・・(3)
0.1≦[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])・・・(4)
J. Parkら、Appl. Phys. Lett., 1993,053505(2008)
前述した方法に基づき、図1に示す薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)を作製し、種々の特性を評価した。
基板温度:室温
ガス圧:1mTorr
膜厚:40nm
使用ターゲットサイズ:φ4インチ×5mm
表2に示す種々のIZTO薄膜のスパッタレート(nm/min)は、下記スパッタリング条件で成膜したときの膜厚を、成膜時間で除して算出した。これをSR1(In-Zn-Sn)とする。
基板温度:室温
ガス圧:1mTorr
成膜時間:1200秒
スパッタパワー:DC200W
使用ターゲットサイズ:φ4インチ×5mm
上記のようにして種々のIZTO薄膜を成膜した後、フォトリソグラフィおよびウェットエッチングによりパターニングを行った。エッチャントとしては、関東化学製「ITO−07N」(シュウ酸と水の混合液)を使用し、液温を40℃とした。ウェットエッチング後、目視および光学顕微鏡観察(倍率50倍)により残渣の発生有無を確認した。その結果を表2に示す。
トランジスタ特性(ドレイン電流−ゲート電圧特性、Id−Vg特性)の測定はアジレントテクノロジー株式会社製「4156C」の半導体パラメータアナライザーを使用した。詳細な測定条件は以下のとおりである。
ソース電圧 :0V
ドレイン電圧:10V
ゲート電圧 :−30〜30V(測定間隔:0.25V)
閾値電圧とは、おおまかにいえば、トランジスタがオフ状態(ドレイン電流の低い状態)からオン状態(ドレイン電流の高い状態)に移行する際のゲート電圧の値である。本実施例では、ドレイン電流が、オン電流とオフ電流の間の1nA付近であるときの電圧を閾値電圧と定義し、各TFTの閾値電圧を測定した。本実施例では、Vth(絶対値)が17.5V以下のものを合格とした。これらの結果を表2に示す。なお、表2中、「−」とは、評価した電圧範囲(−30Vから30Vの間)においてスイッチングしなかったもの(導体化したもの)を意味する。
参考のため、以下の式を用いて、飽和領域にてキャリア移動度(電界効果移動度)を算出した。
Cox:絶縁膜の容量
W:チャネル幅
L:チャネル長
Vth:閾値電圧
[In]=0.09、[Zn]=0.85、[Sn]=0.06、
In比=0.6、全金属元素中のIn比=0.09、Zn比=0.934、
全金属元素中のZn比=0.85
本実施例では、スパッタリング法によって酸化物を成膜するときのスパッタリング時間、および酸化物成膜後のプレアニール条件を変化させて種々の試料(表4のA1〜A7)を作製し、酸化物半導体層の電子キャリア濃度とTFT特性(閾値電圧Vth)との関係を調べた。ここでは、上記表1のNo.7のIZTO薄膜(本発明の組成を満足するもの)を用い、図6に示す評価試料を作製して電子キャリア濃度を測定した。更に、当該試料と同じ膜厚および同じ熱処理条件で図1に示すTFTを作製し、実施例1と同様にして閾値電圧Vthを測定した。
まず、前述した実施例1に記載に記載のスパッタリング法と同じ条件で、表1のNo.6と同一組成のIZTO薄膜(膜厚40nm)の試料を合計6個(A2〜A7)作製した(スパッタリング時間は、おおよそ220秒)。比較のため、スパッタリング時間を変化させて、膜厚500nmのIZTO薄膜の試料を1個作製した(A1)(スパッタリング時間は、おおよそ2700秒)。
プレアニール条件:
No.A1(膜厚500nm、温度:350℃、時間:30分)
No.A2(膜厚40nm、温度:350℃、時間:30分)
No.A3(膜厚40nm、熱処理なし)
No.A4(膜厚40nm、温度:350℃、時間:120分)
No.A5(膜厚40nm、温度:400℃、時間:30分)
No.A6(膜厚40nm、温度:400℃、時間:120分)
No.A7(膜厚40nm、温度:380℃、時間:30分)
電子キャリア濃度とTFT特性の関係を調べるため、上記図6のHall効果測定用試料と同じ膜厚、および同じ熱処理条件で、図7に示すTFTをそれぞれ作製し、実施例1と同様にして閾値電圧Vthを評価した。図7に示すTFTと、前述した実施例1に用いた図1のTFTとは、図7では酸化物半導体層の上に表面保護膜が形成されている点でのみ、相違している(図1には、酸化物半導体層4の上に表面保護膜なし)。酸化物半導体層は、成膜時の加熱処理などによってダメージを受け易く、TFT特性が低下するため、酸化物半導体層の表面を保護するため、SiO2などの表面保護膜を形成することが通常行なわれている。
2 ゲート電極
3 ゲート絶縁膜
4 酸化物半導体層
5 ソース・ドレイン電極
6 保護膜(絶縁膜)
7 コンタクトホール
8 透明導電膜
Claims (5)
- In、Zn、およびSnを少なくとも含むIn−Zn−Sn系酸化物の製造方法であって、
In−Zn−Sn系酸化物スパッタリングターゲットに含まれる金属元素の含有量(原子%)をそれぞれ、[Zn]、[Sn]、および[In]としたとき、
下記(ア)のときは下式(2)、(4)を満足し、
下記(イ)のときは下式(1)、(3)、(4)を満足するように制御されたIn、Zn、およびSnを少なくとも含むIn−Zn−Sn系酸化物スパッタリングターゲットを用い、
スパッタリング法により、酸素分圧を4%以上、10%以下に制御して成膜することを特徴とする薄膜トランジスタの半導体層に用いられるIn−Zn−Sn系酸化物の製造方法。
(ア)[In]/([In]+[Sn])≦0.5
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])
≦1.4×{[Zn]/([Zn]+[Sn])}−0.5・・・(2)
0.1≦[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])・・・(4)
(イ)[In]/([In]+[Sn])>0.5
[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.3・・・(1)
[Zn]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])≦0.83・・・(3)
0.1≦[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])・・・(4) - 前記In−Zn−Sn系酸化物の膜厚は30nm以上、200nm以下である請求項1に記載のIn−Zn−Sn系酸化物の製造方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の製造方法によって得られたIn−Zn−Sn系酸化物を、250〜400℃で、15〜120分間加熱処理する薄膜トランジスタの半導体層の製造方法。
- 前記半導体層の電子キャリア濃度は1015〜1018cm−3の範囲である請求項3に記載の薄膜トランジスタの半導体層の製造方法。
- 前記半導体層の閾値電圧は17.5V以下である請求項4に記載の薄膜トランジスタの半導体層の製造方法。
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