JP6129586B2 - High thermal insulation method and double thermal insulation building using double roof - Google Patents
High thermal insulation method and double thermal insulation building using double roof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004775 Tyvek Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000690 Tyvek Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、従来の充填断熱工法（内断熱工法）によりながらも小屋裏を有効活用でき、気密性が高いため隙間風や内部結露がなく高い断熱性能を実現できる高断熱工法及び高断熱建物に関する。 The present invention relates to a high heat insulation construction method and a high heat insulation building that can effectively utilize the back of a hut while using the conventional heat insulation method (inner heat insulation method), and can realize high heat insulation performance without air gaps and internal condensation due to high airtightness. .
従来より、木造軸組工法（在来工法）においては、例えば特許文献１から引用する図４に示すように、床、壁、及び天井の構造材の隙間（例えば柱と柱の間など）に断熱材を充填させる充填断熱工法（内断熱工法）が多く採用されている。 Conventionally, in the wooden frame construction method (conventional construction method), as shown in FIG. 4 cited from Patent Document 1, for example, in the gaps between the structural materials of the floor, wall, and ceiling (for example, between columns and columns). A filling thermal insulation method (internal thermal insulation method) in which a heat insulating material is filled is often used.
また、近年では、例えば特許文献２から引用する図５に示すように、床、壁、及び屋根の構造材の外側（例えば躯体・柱と外壁材との間など）に主としてプラスチック系ボード状断熱材を配置する外張り断熱工法（外断熱工法）も普及しつつある。 In recent years, for example, as shown in FIG. 5 cited from Patent Document 2, a plastic board-like heat insulation is mainly provided on the outside of the floor, wall, and roof structural material (for example, between the frame / column and the outer wall material). Outer insulation heat insulation methods (outer heat insulation methods) in which materials are arranged are also becoming widespread.
しかしながら、従来の充填断熱工法（内断熱工法）においては、（Ａ）特に木造軸組工法（在来工法）においては柱や梁などの構造材の寸法が異なることなどから空気が戸外と流通する隙間が生じ易いため、前述のような充填断熱工法による断熱を施しても、空隙・隙間風による熱損失が生じてしてしまう、（Ｂ）床、壁、及び天井の構造材の隙間（例えば柱と柱の間など）に断熱材を充填させるため、断熱されていない小屋裏（天井と屋根の間の空間）は過酷な状態に放置され有効活用ができない、（Ｃ）断熱層としてグラスウールやロックウールなどの無機繊維系断熱材を使用する場合には、従来より断熱層の室内側に防湿気密シートを張ることが多く行われているが、そのような防湿気密シートを張っても熟練した施工者によらない場合は気密防湿性能にバラツキが生じて室内の水蒸気が壁内に侵入して内部結露が生じる場合があるし、近年の自然素材志向の強まりの下で内装仕上材や柱などをせっかく自然素材で構成していながらその裏側に上記のような防湿シートを貼ることは不自然である、などの問題点が指摘されている。 However, in the conventional filling insulation method (inner insulation method), (A) especially in the wooden frame method (conventional method), the air circulates outdoors because the dimensions of structural materials such as columns and beams are different. Since gaps are likely to occur, heat loss due to air gaps / gap winds will occur even when heat insulation is performed by the above-described filling insulation method, (B) gaps in structural materials of floors, walls, and ceilings (for example, The space between the pillars and the pillars) is filled with a heat insulating material, so that the uninsulated hut (space between the ceiling and the roof) cannot be used effectively because it is left in a harsh state. (C) Glass wool or When using an inorganic fiber-based heat insulating material such as rock wool, a moisture-proof and air-tight sheet is often applied to the indoor side of the heat-insulating layer. A place that does not depend on the installer Varying in airtight and moisture-proof performance may cause internal water vapor to enter the walls and cause internal condensation.In recent years, natural finishes and pillars are made up of natural materials under the growing trend toward natural materials. However, it has been pointed out that it is unnatural to stick the moisture-proof sheet as described above on the back side.
また、近年の外張り断熱工法（外断熱工法）を採用した場合は、上記の（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）の問題点はかなり解消されるが、他方において、外張り断熱工法に関しては、重量のある外壁材（外装材）を断熱材を介して構造材に取り付けることになるため外壁材の取り付けが不安定となりがちで建物の耐久性や耐震性に問題が生じてしまうこと、重量のある外壁材（外装材）を断熱材を介して構造材に取り付けることになるため断熱材を厚くすることができず断熱性能を十分に上げることができないこと、あるいは外張り断熱工法で使用されるプラスチック系ボード状断熱材から燃焼時や廃棄時に生じるガスが人体や環境へ悪影響を及ぼす可能性があることなど、複数の深刻な問題点が指摘されている。 Moreover, when the recent outer insulation method (outer insulation method) is adopted, the above problems (A) to (C) are considerably solved. A certain exterior wall material (exterior material) is attached to a structural material via a heat insulating material, so that the exterior wall material tends to be unstable, causing problems in building durability and earthquake resistance, and heavy exterior walls. The plastic material used in the outer-layer insulation method cannot be thickened because the material (exterior material) is attached to the structural material via the heat insulating material, so that the heat insulating material cannot be thickened and the heat insulating performance cannot be sufficiently improved. Several serious problems have been pointed out, such as the possibility of gas generated from the board-shaped insulation during combustion or disposal having a negative effect on the human body and the environment.
本発明はこのような従来技術の問題点に着目してなされたものであって、上記のような複数の深刻な問題点がある外張り断熱工法（外断熱工法）を採用しないで、従来の充填断熱工法（内断熱工法）を採用する場合においても、（ａ）隙間の無い完全な施工による熱損失の確実な防止と（ｂ）屋根面の断熱による小屋裏の有効活用と（ｃ）断熱層としてグラスウールやロックウールなどの無機繊維系断熱材を使用する場合において従来生じていたような壁体及び屋根面の内部結露の防止とを併せ実現すること、すなわち、壁体及び屋根面の断熱材の室外側に透湿面材と透湿シートを配することで室内の湿気が断熱層を通過して室外へ放出されるという言わば「調湿躯体」を形成して、高断熱高気密ながら、防湿フィルムなどで通気を遮断しないことにより快適な空気質を有する住空間を実現することができる、二重屋根を利用した高断熱工法及び高断熱建物を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems of the prior art, and does not employ a conventional outer insulation method (outer insulation method) having a plurality of serious problems as described above. Even in the case of adopting the filling thermal insulation method (inner thermal insulation method), (a) reliable prevention of heat loss by complete construction without gaps, (b) effective use of the back of the hut by thermal insulation of the roof surface, and (c) thermal insulation Realizing both the prevention of internal dew condensation on the wall and the roof surface, which has conventionally occurred in the case of using an inorganic fiber-based heat insulating material such as glass wool or rock wool as a layer, that is, heat insulation of the wall and the roof surface By arranging a moisture permeable surface material and a moisture permeable sheet on the outdoor side of the material, it is said that moisture inside the room passes through the heat insulating layer and is released to the outside. Do not block ventilation with moisture-proof film, etc. And to provide a comfortable it is possible to realize a living space with air quality, high insulation method and high thermal insulation building using double roof by.
以上のような課題を解決するための本発明による二重屋根を利用した高断熱工法は、壁の内装仕上材（室内側内装材）の外側略全面に対向又は接触するように壁側通気性シートを配置すると共に、前記壁側通気性シートの外側にこれと所定間隔を介して対向するように、透湿性を有する透湿面材を配置し、前記壁側通気性シートと前記透湿性を有する透湿面材との間の空間（柱と柱との間の空間など）にセルロースファイバー断熱材を充填して、壁側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程と、前記壁側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程と略同時に又は相前後して、軒部分の無い透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板を、水平面に対して傾斜するように且つ前記透湿面材と略連続していて隙間がないように、配置する工程と、前記壁側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程及び前記下部屋根用野地板を配置する工程と略同時に又は相前後して、前記下部屋根用野地板の下方（小屋裏側）にこれと所定間隔を介して略平行に傾斜するように且つ屋根側の「天然木素材から成る桁」の内側下端部又はその近傍部分と「天然木素材から成る棟」の下端部又はその近傍部分とを結ぶ略全面に渡るように、屋根側通気性シートを配置し、前記下部屋根用野地板と前記屋根側通気性シートとの間の空間（例えば上下方向の寸法が「桁」又は「棟」と桟木との上下方向の寸法と略同一の空間）にセルロースファイバー断熱材を充填して、屋根側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程と、前記壁側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程、前記下部屋根用野地板を配置する工程、及び屋根側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程と略同時に又は相前後して、前記壁側調湿・断熱層の外側を構成する透湿面材と、前記屋根側調湿・断熱層の外側を構成する透湿性下部屋根用野地板との略全面に渡って隙間なく、それらと対向又は当接するようにそれらの外側に略連続的に透湿性防風防水シートを配置する工程と、前記透湿性防風防水シートの壁側部分と前記透湿性防風防水シートの外側にこれと所定間隔を介して対向する外装仕上材との間に、所定の開口部から外気が導入可能な壁側通気層を形成する工程と、前記透湿性防風防水シートの屋根側部分と前記透湿性防風防水シートの上側にこれと所定間隔を介して略平行に傾斜する上部屋根用野地板を配置すると共に、前記透湿性防風防水シートと前記上部屋根用野地板との間に、軒部分に形成された開口部から外気が導入可能で且つ前記壁側通気層との間で空気が流通可能な屋根側通気層を形成する工程と、を含み、（Ａ）建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、前記壁側及び屋根側の略全面に渡って略連続的に配置された前記透湿性防風防水シートで、その外側から隙間なく覆い包み込むことにより、隙間風による熱損失を防止し、（Ｂ）建物の小屋裏を、前記二重屋根の透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板とその下方（小屋裏側）の前記屋根側通気性シートとの間の空間に充填されたセルロースファイバー断熱材により、屋根から断熱し、（Ｃ）建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、「前記壁側調湿・断熱層、前記屋根側調湿・断熱層、それらの間に配置される桁であってそれ自体が調湿性と断熱性を有する天然木素材から成る桁、それらの外側を覆う前記透湿性防風防水シート、並びにそれらの更に外側を覆う前記壁側通気層及び前記屋根側通気層」により、その外側から隙間なく覆い包み込むことにより、建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を断熱しながら、壁体及び屋根の内部を調湿可能にして壁体及び屋根の内部結露の発生を防止した、ことを特徴とするものである。 In order to solve the above problems, the high thermal insulation method using the double roof according to the present invention is a wall-side air permeability so as to face or contact almost the entire outer surface of the interior finish material of the wall (interior interior material). A sheet is disposed, and a moisture-permeable surface material having moisture permeability is disposed on the outside of the wall-side breathable sheet so as to face the wall-side breathable sheet with a predetermined interval therebetween, and the wall-side breathable sheet and the moisture-permeable sheet are disposed. Filling the space between the moisture-permeable surface material (the space between the pillars, etc.) with a cellulose fiber heat insulating material to form a wall-side moisture conditioning / insulating layer; The lower roof base plate having moisture permeability without an eave portion is substantially continuous with the moisture permeable surface material so as to be inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, substantially simultaneously with or around the step of forming the heat insulating layer. The step of arranging so that there is no gap, and the process of forming the wall-side moisture conditioning and heat insulating layer The roof side is inclined substantially parallel to the lower roof base plate (at the back of the hut) at a predetermined interval substantially simultaneously with or before or after the step of arranging the lower roof base plate. The roof side breathable sheet is arranged so as to cover almost the entire area connecting the lower end of the inside of the "girder made of natural wood material" or the vicinity thereof and the lower end of the "building made of natural wood material" or the vicinity thereof. Cellulose in the space between the base plate for the lower roof and the roof side air-permeable sheet (for example, a space whose vertical dimension is substantially the same as the vertical dimension of the “girder” or “building” and the pier). Filling the fiber heat insulating material to form a roof-side moisture conditioning / insulation layer, forming the wall-side moisture conditioning / insulation layer, placing the lower roof base plate, and roof-side moisture conditioning -At the same time as or around the step of forming the heat insulation layer, The moisture-permeable surface material that forms the outside of the wall-side moisture conditioning and heat-insulating layer and the moisture-permeable lower roof base plate that constitutes the outside of the roof-side moisture-conditioning and heat-insulating layer, without any gaps, over the entire surface A step of disposing a moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet substantially continuously on the outside thereof so as to face or abut, and a wall side portion of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet and an outer side of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet at a predetermined interval Forming a wall-side ventilation layer into which outside air can be introduced through a predetermined opening, and a roof-side portion of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet and the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet An upper roof base plate that is inclined substantially in parallel with this at a predetermined interval is disposed on the upper side of the roof, and an opening formed in the eave portion between the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet and the upper roof base plate. Outside air can be introduced from the wall and the wall-side ventilation layer Forming a roof-side ventilation layer through which air can flow between, and (A) the entire room including the shed of the building substantially continuously across the entire surface of the wall side and the roof side. The above-described moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet is covered with a gap from the outside to prevent heat loss due to the draft, and (B) the roof of the building has the moisture-permeable lower roof of the double roof. Insulated from the roof by cellulose fiber heat insulating material filled in the space between the field plate and the roof side breathable sheet below (the back of the hut), (C) the entire room including the shed of the building, “The wall-side moisture conditioning / insulating layer, the roof-side moisture conditioning / insulating layer, and a girder arranged between them and made of natural wood material having humidity conditioning properties and heat insulation itself, outside of them The breathable windproof tarpaulins covering them, and further By covering and enveloping from the outside with the wall-side ventilation layer and roof-side ventilation layer covering the outside, it is possible to condition the interior of the wall and roof while insulating the entire room including the back of the building. Thus, the occurrence of internal dew condensation on the walls and the roof is prevented.
また、本発明による二重屋根を利用した高断熱工法においては、建物の床下に、互いに所定間隔を介して対向する２つの通気性シートを床と略平行に配置し、前記２つの通気性シートの間にセルロースファイバー断熱材を充填させて、床下側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程を含むようにしてもよい。（もちろん、本発明においては、このような床面断熱の方法以外に、例えば、基礎のコンクリートの外部面若しくは内部面にポリスチレンフォームなどの板状の断熱材（厚さ４０ｍｍ程度）を貼る方法など、他の基礎断熱方法を採用することも可能であるし、そもそも基礎断熱方法は採用しないようにすることも可能である。） Further, in the high thermal insulation method using the double roof according to the present invention, two breathable sheets facing each other with a predetermined interval are arranged substantially parallel to the floor under the floor of the building, and the two breathable sheets are arranged. A step of filling a cellulose fiber heat insulating material in between to form a floor-side moisture conditioning / heat insulating layer may be included. (Of course, in the present invention, in addition to such a method of heat insulation of the floor surface, for example, a method of sticking a plate-like heat insulating material (thickness of about 40 mm) such as polystyrene foam on the external surface or internal surface of the foundation concrete, etc. It is also possible to adopt other basic heat insulation methods or not to use basic heat insulation methods in the first place.)
また、本発明による二重屋根を利用した高断熱建物は、壁の内装仕上材（室内側内装材）の外側略全面に対向又は接触するように配置された壁側通気性シートと、前記壁側通気性シートの外側にこれと所定間隔を介して対向するように配置された、透湿性を有する透湿面材と、前記壁側通気性シートと前記透湿性を有する透湿面材との間の空間（柱と柱との間の空間など）に充填されたセルロースファイバー断熱材と、から成る壁側調湿・断熱層と、所定方向に傾斜する、軒部分の有る上部屋根用野地板と、前記上部屋根用野地板の下方にこれと所定間隔を介して略平行に傾斜して対向する、軒部分の無い、透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板と、を含む二重屋根と、前記透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板であって前記透湿性を有する透湿面材との間で略連続しており隙間がないように配置された下部屋根用野地板と、前記下部屋根用野地板の下方（小屋裏側）にこれと所定間隔を介して略平行に傾斜するように且つ屋根側の「天然木素材から成る桁」の内側下端部又はその近傍部分と「天然木素材から成る棟」の下端部又はその近傍部分とを結ぶ略全面に渡るように配置された屋根側通気性シートと、前記下部屋根用野地板と前記屋根側通気性シートとの間の空間（例えば上下方向の寸法が「桁」又は「棟」と桟木との上下方向の寸法と略同一の空間）に充填されたセルロースファイバー断熱材と、から成る屋根側調湿・断熱層と、前記壁側調湿・断熱層の外側を構成する透湿性の透湿面材の外側と、前記屋根側調湿・断熱層の上側を構成する透湿性の下部屋根用野地板の外側との略全面に渡って隙間なく、それらと対向又は当接するように略連続的に配置された透湿性防風防水シートと、前記透湿性防風防水シートの壁側部分と前記透湿性防風防水シートの外側にこれと所定間隔を介して対向する外装仕上材との間に形成され、所定の開口部から外気が導入可能な壁側通気層と、前記透湿性防風防水シートの屋根側部分と前記透湿性防風防水シートの上側にこれと所定間隔を介して対向する上部屋根用野地板との間に形成され、軒部分に形成された開口部から外気が導入可能で且つ前記壁側通気層との間で空気が流通可能に形成された屋根側通気層と、を備えており、（Ａ）建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、前記壁側及び屋根側の略全面に渡って略連続的に配置された前記透湿性防風防水シートで、その外側から隙間なく覆い包み込むことにより、隙間風による熱損失を防止し、（Ｂ）建物の小屋裏を、前記二重屋根の透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板とその下方（小屋裏側）の前記屋根側通気性シートとの間の空間に充填されたセルロースファイバー断熱材により、屋根から断熱し、（Ｃ）建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、「前記壁側調湿・断熱層、前記屋根側調湿・断熱層、それらの間に配置される桁であってそれ自体が調湿性と断熱性を有する天然木素材から成る桁、それらの外側を覆う前記透湿性防風防水シート、並びにその更に外側を覆う前記壁側通気層及び前記屋根側通気層」により、その外側から隙間なく覆い包み込むことにより、建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を断熱しながら、壁体及び屋根の内部を調湿可能にして壁体及び屋根の内部結露の発生を防止した、ことを特徴とするものである。 In addition, a highly insulated building using a double roof according to the present invention includes a wall side breathable sheet disposed so as to face or contact substantially the entire outer surface of a wall interior finishing material (indoor interior material), and the wall A moisture permeable surface material having moisture permeability, disposed so as to face the outside of the side air permeable sheet with a predetermined interval, and the wall side breathable sheet and the moisture permeable surface material having moisture permeability. The upper roof base plate with the eaves part that inclines in a predetermined direction, and the wall-side moisture conditioning / insulation layer composed of cellulose fiber insulation material filled in the space between the pillars (space between pillars, etc.) A double roof including a bottom roof base plate having a moisture permeability without an eaves portion and facing the bottom roof base plate with a predetermined interval between and below the upper roof base plate. A moisture-permeable surface material having the moisture permeability and a bottom roof base plate having the moisture permeability. The lower roof base plate arranged substantially continuously between the lower roof and the lower roof base plate (behind the hut) so as to incline substantially parallel to the lower roof base plate with a predetermined interval therebetween. The roof side is arranged so as to cover almost the entire surface connecting the lower end of the inner side of the “girder made of natural wood material” or the vicinity thereof and the lower end of the “ridge made of natural wood material” or the vicinity thereof. A space between the breathable sheet, the lower roof base plate, and the roof side breathable sheet (for example, a space whose vertical dimension is substantially the same as the vertical dimension of the “girder” or “building” and the pier. ) Filled with a cellulose fiber heat insulating material, a roof-side moisture conditioning / heat-insulating layer, an outer side of a moisture-permeable moisture-permeable surface material constituting the outside of the wall-side moisture conditioning / heat-insulating layer, and the roof-side tone With the outside of the moisture-permeable bottom roof base plate that constitutes the upper side of the moisture / heat insulation layer A moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet disposed substantially continuously so as to face or abut against the entire surface without a gap, and a wall side portion of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet and an outer side of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet. And a wall-side ventilation layer that can be introduced through a predetermined opening, a roof-side portion of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet, and the moisture-permeable windproof and waterproof It is formed between the upper roof base plate facing this with a predetermined interval on the upper side of the sheet, and outside air can be introduced from an opening formed in the eaves part, and air can be introduced between the wall-side ventilation layer. And (A) the entire room including the shed of the building is arranged substantially continuously over substantially the entire surface of the wall side and the roof side. With the breathable windproof tarpaulin, there is no gap from the outside By covering and preventing heat loss due to draft air, (B) the roof of the building has a bottom roof base plate having moisture permeability of the double roof and the roof side air permeability below it (the back of the hut) Insulated from the roof by the cellulose fiber heat insulating material filled in the space between the sheets, (C) the entire room including the shed of the building, "the wall side humidity conditioning / insulation layer, the roof side humidity conditioning Insulating layer, girders arranged between them, which are made of natural wood material having moisture conditioning and heat insulating properties, the moisture-permeable windproof and waterproof sheet covering the outside thereof, and the outside covering the girders By covering and enveloping from the outside with a “wall-side ventilation layer and the roof-side ventilation layer”, the interior of the wall body and the roof can be conditioned while insulating the entire room including the back of the building. And internal condensation on the roof Was prevented, it is characterized in.
さらに、本発明による二重屋根を利用した高断熱建物においては、建物の床下に、前記床と略平行に且つ互いに所定間隔を介して対向するように配置された２つの通気性シートと、前記２つの通気性シートの間に充填されたセルロースファイバー断熱材とにより形成された床下側調湿・断熱層を備えるようにしてもよい。 Furthermore, in a highly insulated building using a double roof according to the present invention, two breathable sheets arranged under the floor of the building so as to be substantially parallel to the floor and opposed to each other with a predetermined interval, You may make it provide the underfloor humidity control and heat insulation layer formed with the cellulose fiber heat insulating material filled between two air permeable sheets.
本発明によれば、前述のように、（Ａ）建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、前記壁側及び屋根側の略全面に渡って略連続的に配置された前記透湿性防風防水シートで、その外側から覆い包み込むことにより、隙間風による熱損失を防止すること、（Ｂ）建物の小屋裏を、前記二重屋根の透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板とその下方（小屋裏側）の前記屋根側通気性シートとの間の空間に充填されたセルロースファイバー断熱材により、屋根から断熱して小屋裏の有効活用を可能にすること、及び（Ｃ）建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、「前記壁側調湿・断熱層、前記屋根側調湿・断熱層、それらの間に配置される桁であってそれ自体が調湿性（空気中の水分を吸収・放出する性質）を有する天然木素材から成る桁、それらの外側を覆う前記透湿性防風防水シート、並びにその更に外側を覆う前記壁側通気層及び前記屋根側通気層」により、その外側から覆い包み込むことにより、建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を断熱しながら、壁体及び屋根の内部を調湿可能にして壁体及び屋根の内部結露の発生を防止すること、以上の（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）を同時に実現して、充填断熱工法（内断熱工法）に関して従来より指摘されていた欠点をほぼ全て無くすことができるようになる。 According to the present invention, as described above, (A) the entire interior of the room including the shed of the building is the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet disposed substantially continuously over substantially the entire wall side and roof side. , Enveloping from the outside to prevent heat loss due to the draft air, (B) the roof of the building, the lower roof base plate having the moisture permeability of the double roof and below (the back of the hut) The cellulosic fiber heat insulating material filled in the space between the roof side air-permeable sheet allows heat insulation from the roof to enable effective use of the shed, and (C) the entire room including the shed of the building. , "The wall-side humidity conditioning / heat-insulating layer, the roof-side humidity conditioning / insulating layer, and a girder arranged between them and having a moisture-conditioning property (a property of absorbing and releasing moisture in the air) Girder made of natural wood material, the moisture permeability covering the outside of them A windproof waterproof sheet, and the wall side ventilation layer and the roof side ventilation layer covering the outer side of the windproof waterproof sheet, so as to insulate the entire room including the back of the building, It has been pointed out in the past with respect to the filling insulation method (internal insulation method) that the inside can be adjusted to prevent internal condensation on the wall and roof, and the above (A) to (C) are realized simultaneously. Almost all of the shortcomings can be eliminated.
また、本発明において、さらに、床下にもセルロースファイバー断熱材を充填した断熱層を形成するようにしたときは、小屋裏を含む建物内部の側方と上方だけでなく下方についても床下調湿・断熱層で覆い包み込むことができるので、壁体と屋根と床下の内部結露の発生を有効に防止しつつ効果的な断熱を実現することができる。 Further, in the present invention, when the heat insulating layer filled with the cellulose fiber heat insulating material is also formed under the floor, the humidity under the floor is adjusted not only on the side and the upper side of the building including the back of the building but also on the lower side. Since it can be covered and wrapped with a heat insulating layer, effective heat insulation can be realized while effectively preventing the occurrence of internal dew condensation under the wall, roof and floor.
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を用いて説明する。図１は本発明の一実施形態により建設され得る二重屋根を利用した高断熱住宅の構成を示す断面図、図２はその一部を透過して見たときの斜視図である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a highly insulated house using a double roof that can be constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a part thereof seen through.
図１，２において、１ａ及び１ｂはそれぞれ天然木素材（無垢材又は集成材）から成りそれ自体が調湿性と断熱性を有する１階側の桁と２階側の桁、２は前記桁１ａ，１ｂの室内側に配置されて室内の壁を形成する内装仕上材若しくはその下地材（以下、本明細書では「内装仕上材」と略す）である。また３は、前記内装仕上材２の外側（且つ前記桁１ａ，１ｂの内側）に配置され、例えば不織布などで形成される、従来より公知の通気性シートである。 1 and 2, 1a and 1b are made of a natural wood material (solid wood or laminated wood), each of which has a humidity control property and a heat insulation property. , 1b, is an interior finishing material or a base material thereof (hereinafter abbreviated as “interior finishing material” in the present specification). Reference numeral 3 denotes a conventionally known breathable sheet that is disposed outside the interior finishing material 2 (and inside the girders 1a and 1b) and is formed of, for example, a nonwoven fabric.
また、図１，２において、４は、前記通気性シート３と所定間隔を介して前記桁１ａ，１ｂの外側（外壁側通気層９の内側）に配置されている、透湿性を有する透湿面材（例えば、大建工業株式会社製の「ダイライトＭＳ」（登録商標）、「アセダス」（登録商標）、「シージングボードＩＣ」（登録商標）など）である。なお、前記透湿性を有する透湿面材４と前記通気性シート３との間の間隔は、例えば、前記各桁１ａ，１ｂの横幅、又は前記各桁１ａ，１ｂにこれと直交するように固定された柱１０ａや間柱１０ｂ（図２参照）の横幅と略同一である。 In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 4 denotes a moisture permeable moisture permeable material disposed on the outside of the beam 1 a, 1 b (inside the outer wall side ventilation layer 9) with a predetermined distance from the air permeable sheet 3. Face material (for example, “Dielite MS” (registered trademark), “Acedas” (registered trademark), “Shaging Board IC” (registered trademark), etc., manufactured by Daiken Kogyo Co., Ltd.). In addition, the space | interval between the moisture-permeable surface material 4 which has the said moisture permeability, and the said air permeable sheet 3 is orthogonal to this, for example, the horizontal width of each said digit 1a, 1b, or each said digit 1a, 1b. It is substantially the same as the horizontal width of the fixed column 10a or the intermediate column 10b (see FIG. 2).
また、図１，２において、５は前記通気性シート３と前記透湿面材４との間の空間に例えば約５０〜６０ｋｇ／ｍ３の吹き込み密度でセルロースファイバー断熱材が充填されて成る壁側セルロースファイバー断熱材層、６は前記透湿性を有する透湿面材４の外側に配置された透湿性を有する防風防水シート（例えば、旭・デュポン フラッシュスパン プロダクツ株式会社製の「タイベック ハウスラップ」（登録商標）など）である。
本実施形態では、前記通気性シート３、前記壁側セルロースファイバー断熱材層５、及び前記透湿性を有する透湿面材４により、壁側調湿・断熱層が形成されている。
1 and 2, reference numeral 5 denotes a wall formed by filling a space between the air-permeable sheet 3 and the moisture-permeable surface material 4 with a cellulose fiber heat insulating material at a blowing density of, for example, about 50 to 60 kg / m 3. A side cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 6 is a windproof waterproof sheet having moisture permeability disposed outside the moisture permeable surface material 4 having moisture permeability (for example, “Tyvek House Wrap” manufactured by Asahi DuPont Flashspan Products Co., Ltd.) (Registered trademark), etc.).
In the present embodiment, a wall-side moisture conditioning / heat-insulating layer is formed by the breathable sheet 3, the wall-side cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 5, and the moisture-permeable surface material 4 having moisture permeability.
また、図１，２において、７（図２参照）は前記透湿性を有する防風防水シート６の外側にそれぞれの長手方向が図示上下方向に延びるように互いに所定間隔を介して配置された通気垂木、８は前記通気垂木７の外側に固定された外装仕上材（外壁材）である。前記通気垂木７により、前記透湿性の防風防水シート６と前記外装仕上材８との間に、外壁側通気層９が形成されている。この外壁側通気層９は、例えば前記外装仕上材８の下方の開口部（図１の符号９ａ参照。例えば土台天端の水切りと外装仕上材８との隙間部分）から外気が流通可能に（且つ後述の屋根側通気層との間でも空気が流通可能に）形成されている。 In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 7 (see FIG. 2) denotes a ventilation rafter arranged at a predetermined interval on the outside of the windproof waterproof sheet 6 having moisture permeability so that each longitudinal direction extends in the vertical direction in the figure. , 8 is an exterior finishing material (outer wall material) fixed to the outside of the ventilating rafter 7. An outer wall side ventilation layer 9 is formed between the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet 6 and the exterior finishing material 8 by the ventilation rafters 7. The outer wall-side ventilation layer 9 is able to circulate outside air from, for example, an opening below the exterior finishing material 8 (see reference numeral 9a in FIG. 1; for example, a gap portion between the drain of the top of the foundation and the exterior finishing material 8) ( In addition, air is also formed between the roof side ventilation layer described later).
また図１，２において、１１（図１参照）は天然木素材（無垢材又は集成材）から成りそれ自体が調湿性と断熱性を有する棟木、１２は、前記棟木１１の上端部と前記桁１ｂの上端部とを結ぶ線に沿うように配置された、透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板、１３は前記透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板１２の上側に配置された透湿性を有する防風防水シート（例えば、旭・デュポン フラッシュスパン プロダクツ株式会社製の「タイベック ルーフライナー」（登録商標）など）である。 In FIGS. 1 and 2, 11 (see FIG. 1) is a purlin made of a natural wood material (solid wood or laminated wood) and has its own humidity control and heat insulation properties, and 12 is the upper end of the purlin 11 and the girder. A bottom roof base plate having moisture permeability, arranged along a line connecting the upper end of 1b, 13 is a windproof wind-proof having a moisture permeability arranged above the bottom roof field plate 12 having moisture permeability. A waterproof sheet (for example, “Tyvek Roof Liner” (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi DuPont Flashspan Products Co., Ltd.).
本実施形態においては、前記の透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板１２の上側に配置された透湿性を有する防風防水シート１３と、前記の前記透湿性を有する透湿面材４の外側に配置された透湿性を有する防風防水シート６との間は、壁側と屋根側との略全面に渡って隙間が生じないように略連続的に配置されている。 In this embodiment, it arrange | positions on the outer side of the moisture-permeable windproof sheet | seat 4 which has the said moisture permeability, and the windproof waterproof sheet 13 which has the moisture permeability arrange | positioned above the lower roof base plate 12 which has the said moisture permeability. Between the windproof and waterproof sheet 6 having moisture permeability, it is arranged substantially continuously so that no gap is formed over substantially the entire surface between the wall side and the roof side.
また図１，２において、１４（図２参照）は前記透湿性を有する防風防水シート１３の上側に配置されそれぞれの長手方向が屋根の傾斜方向と略平行となるように互いに所定間隔を介して配置された屋根用通気垂木、１５は前記屋根用通気垂木１４の上側に固定された上部屋根用野地板、１６は前記上部屋根用野地板１５の上側に配置された防水シート、１７は前記防水シート１６を介して前記上部屋根用野地板１５に固定された従来より公知の屋根材である。 In FIGS. 1 and 2, 14 (see FIG. 2) is arranged on the upper side of the moisture-proof windproof waterproof sheet 13 and is arranged at a predetermined interval so that the respective longitudinal directions are substantially parallel to the inclination direction of the roof. The roof aeration rafter arranged, 15 is an upper roof field plate fixed to the upper side of the roof ventilation rafter 14, 16 is a waterproof sheet disposed above the upper roof field plate 15, and 17 is the waterproof sheet. This is a conventionally known roof material fixed to the upper roof base plate 15 via a sheet 16.
前記の透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板１２は、軒（庇）部分を有しないように形成されている。他方、前記上部屋根用野地板１５は、軒（庇）部分（図１の符号１６ａ参照）を有するように形成されている。本実施形態では、前記の下部屋根用野地板１２及び上部屋根用野地板１５などにより、二重屋根が形成されている。 The lower roof base plate 12 having moisture permeability is formed so as not to have an eaves (ridge) portion. On the other hand, the upper roof base plate 15 is formed to have an eaves portion (see reference numeral 16a in FIG. 1). In the present embodiment, a double roof is formed by the lower roof base plate 12 and the upper roof base plate 15.
本実施形態では、前記下部屋根用野地板１２の上側の透湿性の防風防水シート１３と前記上部屋根用野地板１５との間に、前記各通気垂木１４の間を空間が流通可能な屋根側通気層１８が形成されている。前記屋根側通気層１８は、戸外の空気が前記上部屋根用野地板１５の軒部分１６ａの下方に形成された軒天換気口１９から流入可能に形成され、且つ、前記屋根側通気層１８内の空気が屋根の上端部に形成された棟換気口２０から排出可能に形成されている。また前記屋根側通気層１８は、前述した外壁側通気層９と空気が流通可能に形成（連通）されている。 In the present embodiment, the roof side in which a space can be circulated between the ventilation rafters 14 between the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet 13 on the upper side of the lower roof base plate 12 and the upper roof base plate 15. A ventilation layer 18 is formed. The roof-side ventilation layer 18 is formed such that outdoor air can flow from an eaves vent 19 formed below the eaves portion 16 a of the upper roof base plate 15, and inside the roof-side ventilation layer 18. Is formed so that it can be discharged from the building ventilation opening 20 formed at the upper end of the roof. The roof side ventilation layer 18 is formed (communication) so that air can flow with the outer wall side ventilation layer 9 described above.
また、図１，２において、２１（図２参照）は前記桁１ｂに固定される登梁、２２は前記登梁２１に固定された母屋（母屋桁）、２３はそれぞれの長手方向が屋根の傾斜方向と直交するように前記登梁２１の下端面に互いに所定間隔を介して固定された複数の桟木、２４は前記透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板１２の下側（小屋裏２７側）に前記下部屋根用野地板１２の下面と所定間隔（例えば前記の軒１１や桁１ｂの上下方向の幅と略同一の寸法）を介して略平行に広がるように前記各桟木２３の下端面にステープラーなどで固定された通気性シート、２５は前記通気性シート２４と前記透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板１２との間の空間に例えば約５０〜６０ｋｇ／ｍ３の吹き込み密度でセルロースファイバー断熱材が充填されて成る屋根側セルロースファイバー断熱材層である。 In FIGS. 1 and 2, 21 (see FIG. 2) is a climbing beam fixed to the girder 1b, 22 is a purlin (purlin beam) fixed to the climbing beam 21, and 23 is a roof in the longitudinal direction. A plurality of piers fixed to a lower end surface of the climbing beam 21 at a predetermined interval so as to be orthogonal to the inclination direction, 24 is a lower side of the bottom roof base plate 12 having the moisture permeability (the side of the hut 27). On the lower end surface of each pier 23 so as to spread substantially parallel to the lower surface of the base plate 12 for the lower roof via a predetermined distance (for example, approximately the same vertical dimension as the eaves 11 and the girders 1b). A breathable sheet 25 fixed by a stapler or the like is a cellulose fiber heat insulating material having a blowing density of, for example, about 50 to 60 kg / m 3 in a space between the breathable sheet 24 and the bottom roof base plate 12 having moisture permeability. A house filled with materials It is a root side cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer.
本実施形態では、前記通気性シート２４、前記透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板１２、及び前記屋根側セルロースファイバー断熱材層２５により、屋根側調湿・断熱層が形成されている。 In the present embodiment, a roof-side moisture conditioning / heat-insulating layer is formed by the breathable sheet 24, the moisture-permeable lower roof base plate 12, and the roof-side cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 25.
本実施形態では、図１，２に示すように、前記セルロースファイバー断熱材層２５の下側の傾斜する通気性シート２４と天井板２６とに挟まれた空間が小屋裏空間２７となっており、天井にはセルロースファイバー断熱材層は形成されていない。なお、この図１，２に示すような水平方向の天井板２６を施工しないで、通気シート２４の下方にこれに沿う斜め方向に天井板を施工する場合もあるが、本発明は、このような水平方向の天井板２６の無い小屋裏に対しても同様に適用できることはもちろんである。 In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a space between the inclined breathable sheet 24 and the ceiling plate 26 below the cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 25 is a shed space 27. The cellulosic fiber insulation layer is not formed on the ceiling. Although the ceiling plate 26 in the horizontal direction as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may not be installed, the ceiling plate may be installed in an oblique direction along the lower side of the ventilation sheet 24. Of course, the present invention can be similarly applied to the back of a hut without a horizontal ceiling plate 26.
次に図１において、３１は基礎コンクリート、３２は前記基礎コンクリート３１の上に配置される土台、３３は前記基礎コンクリート３１と前記土台３２との間に所定間隔で挿入される床下換気用の基礎パッキン、３４は前記土台３２の上端部と略同一の高さで水平に配置されるように図示しない桟木（例えば前記土台３２に固定された桟木）などで支持される通気性シート、３５は前記通気性シート３４の上側に配置された床板、３６は前記通気性シート３４と所定間隔（例えば前記土台３２の上下方向の厚さと略同一の間隔）を介して水平に配置されるように前記土台３２に固定された桟木３７などで支持される通気性シート、３８は前記２つの通気性シート３４，３６の間の空間に例えば約５０〜６０ｋｇ／ｍ３の吹き込み密度でセルロースファイバー断熱材が充填されて成る床下側セルロースファイバー断熱材層である。 Next, in FIG. 1, 31 is foundation concrete, 32 is a foundation disposed on the foundation concrete 31, and 33 is a foundation for underfloor ventilation inserted at a predetermined interval between the foundation concrete 31 and the foundation 32. Packing 34 is a breathable sheet supported by a not-shown pier (for example, a pedestal fixed to the pedestal 32) so as to be horizontally disposed at substantially the same height as the upper end of the pedestal 32, and The floor plate 36 disposed on the upper side of the air permeable sheet 34 is arranged on the base so as to be horizontally disposed with a predetermined space (for example, substantially the same as the thickness of the base 32 in the vertical direction) with respect to the air permeable sheet 34. The air-permeable sheet 38 supported by the pier 37 fixed to 32 is a cell with a blowing density of, for example, about 50-60 kg / m 3 in the space between the two air-permeable sheets 34, 36. It is an underfloor cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer filled with a low fiber heat insulating material.
本実施形態では、前記２つの通気性シート３４，３６、及び前記床下側セルロースファイバー断熱材層３８により、床下側調湿・断熱層が形成されている（なお前述のように、本発明は、本実施形態のような床断熱をせずに基礎の外部若しくは内部で断熱をする場合、床又は基礎には全く断熱をしない場合などにも適用できることはもちろんである。）。 In the present embodiment, a floor-side moisture conditioning / heat-insulating layer is formed by the two air-permeable sheets 34 and 36 and the floor-side cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 38 (as described above, the present invention is Of course, the present invention can also be applied to the case where heat insulation is performed outside or inside the foundation without floor insulation as in this embodiment, and the floor or foundation is not insulated at all.
次に、図３は本実施形態において前記屋根側セルロースファイバー断熱材層２５を形成するときの動作を説明するための図である。図３に示すように、前記屋根側セルロースファイバー断熱材層２５を形成するときは、前記透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板１２の下方にこれと略平行に配置された例えば不織布製の通気性シート２４の一部を、その下方から破って小さい孔４１を形成する。そして、この孔４１にノズル４２の先端部４２ａを挿入し、このノズル４２から、前記通気性シート２４と前記下部屋根用野地板１２との間の空間内にセルロースファイバー断熱材を例えば約５０〜６０ｋｇ／ｍ３の吹き込み密度となるまで吹き込み、充填する（必要なら前記通気性シート２４の複数の部分について同様の動作を繰り返す）。なお、前記不織布製の通気性シート２４は、前記桟木２３の下面にステープラーの芯などで固定されている。 Next, FIG. 3 is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement when forming the said roof side cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 25 in this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, when the roof side cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 25 is formed, for example, a non-woven fabric breathability disposed substantially parallel to the lower roof base plate 12 having moisture permeability. A small hole 41 is formed by breaking a part of the sheet 24 from below. And the front-end | tip part 42a of the nozzle 42 is inserted in this hole 41, Cellulose fiber heat insulating material is inserted into the space between the said air permeable sheet 24 and the said lower roof field board 12 from this nozzle 42, for example, about 50-. Blow and fill until a blow density of 60 kg / m 3 is reached (similar operations are repeated for multiple portions of the breathable sheet 24 if necessary). The non-woven fabric breathable sheet 24 is fixed to the lower surface of the pier 23 with a stapler core or the like.
以上のように、本実施形態においては、前述のような「前記通気性シート３、前記壁側セルロースファイバー断熱材層５、及び前記透湿性を有する透湿面材４などから成る壁側調湿・断熱層」、「前記通気性シート２４、前記透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板１２、及び前記屋根側セルロースファイバー断熱材層２５などから成る屋根側調湿・断熱層」、「前記２つの通気性シート３４，３６、及び前記床下側セルロースファイバー断熱材層３８などから成る床下側調湿・断熱層」、及び、「前記壁側調湿・断熱層と屋根側調湿・断熱層との境目に位置する、それ自体が調湿性と断熱性を有する天然木素材（無垢材又は集成材）から成る桁」から成る「その全体が調湿性及び断熱性を有する層」により、住宅の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、覆い包み込むようにしている。
そして、さらに、前記の「その全体が調湿性及び断熱性を有する層」の外側を、「前記透湿性防風防水シート１３、及び、その外側の壁側通気層９及び屋根側通気層１８」により、隙間なく覆い包み込むようにしている。
As described above, in the present embodiment, as described above, “the wall-side humidity control composed of the breathable sheet 3, the wall-side cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 5, the moisture-permeable moisture-permeable face material 4, and the like. "Thermal insulation layer", "the roof-side moisture conditioning and insulation layer comprising the breathable sheet 24, the moisture-permeable lower roof base plate 12, the roof-side cellulose fiber insulation layer 25," and the like. A floor-side moisture conditioning / heat-insulating layer comprising a breathable sheet 34, 36 and the floor-underside cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 38, and “the wall-side moisture conditioning / heat-insulating layer and the roof-side humidity conditioning / heat-insulating layer” A hut in a house with a “layer with humidity control and heat insulation as a whole” consisting of a girder made of natural wood material (solid wood or laminated wood) that itself has humidity control and heat insulation located at the border. Covering the entire room, including It is way Komu seen.
Further, the outside of the “layer having moisture conditioning and heat insulating properties as a whole” is defined by “the moisture permeable windproof waterproof sheet 13 and the wall side ventilation layer 9 and the roof side ventilation layer 18 on the outside”. , So as to cover and wrap without gaps.
よって、本実施形態によれば、建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体が、前述のような「その全体が調湿性及び断熱性を有する層」と透湿性防風防水シート１３と通気層（壁側通気層９と屋根側通気層１８）とにより覆われ包み込まれているので、（Ａ）「隙間風による熱損失」を防止すること（建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体が隙間なく連続的に前記透湿性防風防水シート１３で覆われ包み込まれているので、隙間風が生じない）、（Ｂ）小屋裏を断熱して有効利用すること（前記二重屋根の透湿性を有する下部屋根用野地板の下方（小屋裏側）に屋根側セルロースファイバー断熱材層２５を配置することにより、小屋裏を屋根から断熱した）、及び（Ｃ）「壁体と屋根の内部結露」を防止すること（仮に室内からの水蒸気が壁体と屋根の内部に侵入しても、前記壁側又は屋根側のセルロースファイバー断熱材層５，２５や桁１ａ，１ｂなどがそれ自体で調湿性を有しているため、壁体と屋根の内部が調湿されて内部結露が発生しない）を同時に実現することができ、充填断熱工法に関して従来指摘されていた欠点のほぼ全てを解消することができる。このように、本実施形態では、小屋裏を含む建物内部の側方と上方について「調湿性及び断熱性を有する層」で覆い包み込むことができるので、壁体と屋根の内部結露を有効に防止しつつ効果的な断熱を実現することができる。 Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the entire room including the attic of the building includes the above-mentioned “layer having humidity conditioning and heat insulation”, the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet 13 and the ventilation layer (wall-side ventilation). Since it is covered and encased by the layer 9 and the roof side ventilation layer 18), (A) to prevent "heat loss due to the draft air" (the entire room including the back of the building is continuously penetrated without any gaps). Since it is covered and wrapped with the wet windproof waterproof sheet 13, there is no gap wind), (B) the roof is insulated and effectively used (the bottom roof base plate having the moisture permeability of the double roof) By arranging the roof side cellulose fiber insulation layer 25 below (the back of the hut), the hut is insulated from the roof), and (C) to prevent “inside condensation on the wall and the roof” Water vapor penetrates the walls and roof However, since the cellulose fiber heat insulating material layers 5 and 25 and the girders 1a and 1b on the wall side or the roof side have their own humidity control properties, the inside of the wall body and the roof is conditioned so that the internal condensation occurs. Can be realized at the same time, and almost all of the drawbacks conventionally pointed out with respect to the filling insulation method can be eliminated. As described above, in this embodiment, the side and upper side of the building including the back of the hut can be covered with the “layer having humidity control and heat insulating properties”, so that the internal condensation of the wall and the roof is effectively prevented. However, effective heat insulation can be realized.
また、さらに、本実施形態において、前述のように、床板３５の下方にもセルロースファイバー断熱材層３８を形成するようにしたときは、小屋裏を含む建物内部の側方と上方だけでなく下方についても「調湿性及び断熱性を有する層」で覆い包み込むことができるので、壁体と屋根と床下の内部結露を有効に防止しつつ効果的な断熱を実現することができる。 Furthermore, in the present embodiment, as described above, when the cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 38 is also formed below the floor plate 35, the side and upper side inside the building including the back of the hut are not only the lower side. Can be covered with a “layer having humidity control and heat insulation”, so that effective heat insulation can be realized while effectively preventing internal condensation on the wall, the roof and the floor.
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は前記の実施形態として述べたものに限定されるものではなく、様々な修正及び変更が可能である。例えば、前記実施形態においては、床板３５の下方にセルロースファイバー断熱材層３８を配置するようにしているが、本発明ではこれを省略するようにしてもよい。 Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and various modifications and changes can be made. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 38 is disposed below the floor plate 35, but this may be omitted in the present invention.
１ａ，１ｂ 桁
２ 内装仕上材
３ 通気性シート
４ 透湿面材
５ 壁側セルロースファイバー断熱材層
６ 防風防水シート
７ 通気垂木
８ 外装仕上材
９ 外壁側通気層
９ａ 開口部
１０ａ 柱
１０ｂ 間柱
１１ 棟木
１２ 下部屋根用野地板
１３ 防風防水シート
１４ 屋根用通気垂木
１５ 上部屋根用野地板
１６ 防水シート
１６ａ 軒部分
１８ 屋根側通気層
１９ 軒天換気口
２０ 棟換気口
２１ 登梁
２２ 母屋
２３ 桟木
２４ 通気性シート
２５ 屋根側セルロースファイバー断熱材層
２６ 天井板
２７ 屋根裏
３１ 基礎コンクリート
３２ 土台
３４，３６ 通気性シート
３５ 床板
３７ 桟木
３８ 床側セルロースファイバー断熱材層
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a, 1b Girder 2 Interior finishing material 3 Breathable sheet 4 Breathable surface material 5 Wall side cellulose fiber heat insulating material layer 6 Windproof waterproof sheet 7 Venting rafter 8 Exterior finishing material 9 Outer wall side ventilation layer 9a Opening part 10a Column 10b Space pillar 11 Purlin 12 Base plate for lower roof 13 Windproof waterproof sheet 14 Ventilation rafter for roof 15 Base plate for upper roof 16 Waterproof sheet 16a Eave part 18 Roof side ventilation layer 19 Elevator vent 20 Elevator vent 21 Climbing 22 Main building 23 Pier 24 Ventilation Sheet 25 roof side cellulose fiber insulation layer 26 ceiling board 27 attic 31 foundation concrete 32 foundation 34, 36 breathable sheet 35 floor board 37 pier 38 floor side cellulose fiber insulation layer
Claims (4)
前記壁側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程と略同時に又は相前後して、軒部分の無い透湿性下部屋根用野地板を、水平面に対して傾斜するように且つ前記透湿面材との間で略連続しており隙間がないように、配置する工程と、
前記壁側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程及び前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板を配置する工程と略同時に又は相前後して、前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板の下方（小屋裏側）にこれと所定間隔を介して略平行に傾斜するように且つ屋根側の天然木素材から成る桁の内側下端部又はその近傍部分と天然木素材から成る棟の下端部又はその近傍部分とを結ぶ略全面に渡るように、屋根側通気性シートを配置し、前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板と前記屋根側通気性シートとの間の空間にセルロースファイバー断熱材を充填して、屋根側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程と、
前記壁側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程、前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板を配置する工程、及び屋根側調湿・断熱層を形成する工程と略同時に又は相前後して、前記壁側調湿・断熱層の外側を構成する前記透湿面材の外側と、前記屋根側調湿・断熱層の上側を構成する前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板の上側との略全面に渡って隙間が生じないように、それらと対向又は当接するように略連続的に透湿性防風防水シートを配置する工程と、
前記透湿性防風防水シートの壁側部分と前記透湿性防風防水シートの外側にこれと所定間隔を介して対向する外装仕上材との間に、所定の開口部から外気が導入可能な壁側通気層を形成する工程と、
前記透湿性防風防水シートの屋根側部分の上側にこれと所定間隔を介して略平行に傾斜する上部屋根用野地板を配置すると共に、前記透湿性防風防水シートと前記上部屋根用野地板との間に、軒部分に形成された開口部から外気が導入可能で且つ前記壁側通気層との間で空気が流通可能な屋根側通気層を形成する工程と、を含み、
（Ａ）建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、前記壁側及び屋根側の略全面に渡って略連続的に配置された前記透湿性防風防水シートで、その外側から隙間なく覆い包み込むことにより、隙間風による熱損失を防止し、
（Ｂ）建物の小屋裏を、前記二重屋根の前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板とその下方（小屋裏側）の前記屋根側通気性シートとの間の空間に充填されたセルロースファイバー断熱材により、屋根から断熱し、
（Ｃ）建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、前記壁側調湿・断熱層、前記屋根側調湿・断熱層、それらの間に配置される桁であってそれ自体が調湿性と断熱性を有する天然木素材から成る桁、それらの外側を覆う前記透湿性防風防水シート、並びにその更に外側を覆う前記壁側通気層及び前記屋根側通気層により、その外側から隙間なく覆い包み込むことにより、建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を断熱しながら、壁体及び屋根の内部を調湿可能にして壁体及び屋根の内部結露の発生を防止した、ことを特徴とする二重屋根を利用した高断熱工法。 A moisture-permeable surface is disposed so that the wall-side breathable sheet is disposed so as to face or contact substantially the entire outer surface of the interior finish material of the wall, and is opposed to the outside of the wall-side breathable sheet with a predetermined interval therebetween. Disposing a material, filling a space between the wall-side breathable sheet and the moisture-permeable surface material with a cellulose fiber heat insulating material, and forming a wall-side moisture conditioning and heat insulating layer;
At substantially the same time as or before or after the step of forming the wall-side moisture conditioning / insulating layer, a moisture-permeable lower roof base plate having no eaves portion is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane and the moisture-permeable surface material. A step of arranging so that there is substantially no gap between them, and
At the same time as or before or after the step of forming the wall-side moisture conditioning / insulating layer and the step of disposing the moisture-permeable lower roof base plate, this is located below the moisture-permeable lower roof base plate (at the back of the hut). And substantially the entire surface connecting the lower end of the inner side of the girder made of natural wood material on the roof side or the vicinity thereof and the lower end of the ridge made of natural wood material or the vicinity thereof so as to incline substantially in parallel with each other at a predetermined interval. The roof side air-permeable sheet is arranged so as to cross, and the space between the moisture-permeable lower roof base plate and the roof side air-permeable sheet is filled with a cellulose fiber heat insulating material, and the roof side air-conditioning and heat insulating material is filled. Forming a layer;
The step of forming the wall-side moisture conditioning / insulating layer, the step of arranging the moisture-permeable lower roof base plate, and the step of forming the roof-side moisture conditioning / insulating layer substantially simultaneously with or before and after the wall side A gap across substantially the entire surface of the moisture- permeable surface material constituting the outside of the humidity-controlling and heat-insulating layer and the upper side of the moisture-permeable bottom roof base plate constituting the upper side of the roof-side moisture-conditioning and heat-insulating layer A step of disposing the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet substantially continuously so as to face or abut against them,
Wall-side ventilation that allows outside air to be introduced from a predetermined opening between a wall-side portion of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet and an exterior finishing material facing the outer side of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet with a predetermined interval therebetween. Forming a layer;
An upper roof base plate that is inclined substantially parallel to the roof side portion of the moisture permeable windproof waterproof sheet with a predetermined interval therebetween is disposed, and the moisture permeable windproof waterproof sheet and the upper roof base plate A step of forming a roof-side ventilation layer through which outside air can be introduced from an opening formed in the eaves portion and air can flow between the wall-side ventilation layer, and
(A) By covering and enclosing the entire room including the back of the building with the moisture-permeable windproof and waterproof sheet disposed substantially continuously over substantially the entire surface on the wall side and roof side, without any gaps from the outside, Prevents heat loss due to drafts,
(B) Cellulose fiber heat insulating material filled in the space between the moisture-permeable lower roof field plate of the double roof and the roof-side air-permeable sheet below (B) Insulate from the roof,
(C) The entire room including the hut of the building is the wall-side humidity conditioning / insulating layer, the roof-side humidity conditioning / insulating layer, and a girder arranged between them, and itself is humidity-controlling and insulating. By covering and enveloping without gaps from the outside by the girder made of natural wood material having the above, the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet covering the outside thereof, and the wall-side ventilation layer and the roof-side ventilation layer covering the outside further, High insulation using the double roof, characterized in that the interior of the walls and roof can be conditioned while insulating the entire interior including the back of the building, preventing internal condensation on the walls and roof. Insulation method.
所定方向に傾斜する、軒部分の有る上部屋根用野地板と、前記上部屋根用野地板の下方にこれと所定間隔を介して略平行に傾斜して対向する、軒部分の無い、透湿性を有する透湿性下部屋根用野地板と、を含む二重屋根と、
前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板であって前記透湿面材との間が略連続しており隙間がないように配置された前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板と、前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板の下方（小屋裏側）にこれと所定間隔を介して略平行に傾斜するように且つ屋根側の天然木素材から成る桁の内側下端部又はその近傍部分と天然木素材から成る棟の下端部又はその近傍部分とを結ぶ略全面に渡るように配置された屋根側通気性シートと、前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板と前記屋根側通気性シートとの間の空間に充填されたセルロースファイバー断熱材と、から成る屋根側調湿・断熱層と、
前記壁側調湿・断熱層の外側を構成する前記透湿面材の外側と、前記屋根側調湿・断熱層の上側を構成する前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板の外側との略全面に渡って隙間が生じないように、それらと対向又は当接するように略連続的に配置された透湿性防風防水シートと、
前記透湿性防風防水シートの壁側部分と前記透湿性防風防水シートの外側にこれと所定間隔を介して対向する外装仕上材との間に形成され、所定の開口部から外気が導入可能な壁側通気層と、
前記透湿性防風防水シートの屋根側部分と前記透湿性防風防水シートの上側にこれと所定間隔を介して対向する上部屋根用野地板との間に形成され、軒部分に形成された開口部から外気が導入可能で且つ前記壁側通気層との間で空気が流通可能に形成された屋根側通気層と、を備えており、
（Ａ）建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、前記壁側及び屋根側の略全面に渡って略連続的に配置された前記透湿性防風防水シートで、その外側から隙間なく覆い包み込むことにより、隙間風による熱損失を防止し、
（Ｂ）建物の小屋裏を、前記二重屋根の前記透湿性下部屋根用野地板とその下方の前記屋根側通気性シートとの間の空間に充填されたセルロースファイバー断熱材により、屋根から断熱し、
（Ｃ）建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を、前記壁側調湿・断熱層、前記屋根側調湿・断熱層、それらの間に配置される桁であってそれ自体が調湿性と断熱性を有する天然木素材から成る桁、それらの外側を覆う前記透湿性防風防水シート、並びにその更に外側を覆う前記壁側通気層及び前記屋根側通気層により、その外側から隙間なく覆い包み込むことにより、建物の小屋裏を含む室内全体を断熱しながら、壁体及び屋根の内部を調湿可能にして壁体及び屋根の内部結露の発生を防止した、ことを特徴とする二重屋根を利用した高断熱建物。 A wall-side breathable sheet disposed so as to face or contact substantially the entire outer surface of the interior finish material of the wall, and a wall-side breathable sheet disposed so as to face the outside of the wall-side breathable sheet at a predetermined interval. A wall-side moisture conditioning / heat-insulating layer comprising a moisture-permeable surface material, and a cellulose fiber heat insulating material filled in a space between the wall-side air-permeable sheet and the moisture-permeable surface material,
An upper roof field plate having an eave portion that is inclined in a predetermined direction, and an upper portion of the upper roof field plate that is inclined in parallel with each other at a predetermined interval and opposed to the upper roof field plate. A double roof including a moisture permeable lower roof base plate, and
Wherein said moisture-permeable lower roof sheathing plate between are arranged such that no gap is substantially contiguous with the moisture-permeable lower roofing sheathing plate is a and the permeability Shimemen material, the moisture permeability lower roof field The lower end of the ridge made of natural wood material and the inner lower end of the girder made of natural wood material on the roof side or the vicinity thereof so as to incline substantially parallel to the lower side of the main plate (behind the hut) with a predetermined interval therebetween Or a roof-side breathable sheet disposed so as to cover substantially the entire surface connecting the vicinity thereof, and a cellulose fiber heat insulating material filled in a space between the moisture-permeable lower roof base plate and the roof-side breathable sheet A roof-side moisture conditioning / insulation layer comprising:
On substantially the entire outer surface of the moisture- permeable surface material constituting the outside of the wall-side moisture conditioning / insulating layer and the outside of the moisture- permeable lower roof base plate constituting the upper side of the roof-side moisture conditioning / insulating layer A moisture-permeable windproof tarpaulin disposed substantially continuously so as to face or abut against them so that no gaps are created between them,
A wall that is formed between a wall-side portion of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet and an exterior finishing material facing the outer side of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet with a predetermined interval therebetween, and is capable of introducing outside air from a predetermined opening. A side ventilation layer,
Formed between the roof side portion of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet and the upper roof base plate facing the upper side of the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet with a predetermined interval above the opening portion formed in the eave portion A roof-side ventilation layer formed so that outside air can be introduced and air can flow between the wall-side ventilation layer, and
(A) By covering and enclosing the entire room including the back of the building with the moisture-permeable windproof and waterproof sheet disposed substantially continuously over substantially the entire surface on the wall side and roof side, without any gaps from the outside, Prevents heat loss due to drafts,
(B) The roof of the building is insulated from the roof by a cellulose fiber heat insulating material filled in a space between the moisture-permeable lower roof base plate of the double roof and the roof-side breathable sheet below the double roof. And
(C) The entire room including the hut of the building is the wall-side humidity conditioning / insulating layer, the roof-side humidity conditioning / insulating layer, and a girder arranged between them, and itself is humidity-controlling and insulating. By covering and enveloping without gaps from the outside by the girder made of natural wood material having the above, the moisture-permeable windproof waterproof sheet covering the outside thereof, and the wall-side ventilation layer and the roof-side ventilation layer covering the outside further, High insulation using the double roof, characterized in that the interior of the walls and roof can be conditioned while insulating the entire interior including the back of the building, preventing internal condensation on the walls and roof. Insulated building.
4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising: two breathable sheets disposed below the floor of the building so as to be substantially parallel to the floor and facing each other with a predetermined distance between the two breathable sheets. A highly insulated building using a double roof, characterized in that it has an underfloor humidity control and heat insulation layer formed of cellulose fiber insulation.
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