JP6124195B2 - Appearance measuring device for granular materials - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the appearance of a granular material, and more specifically, a sample tray on which a granular material to be a sample is placed, an image reading means having a reference plate for correcting an image, and the image reading The present invention relates to a granular material appearance measuring apparatus including image processing means for processing an image captured by the means.

Conventionally, the external appearance measuring device described in Patent Document 1 is known. This is composed of a sample tray, an image reading means (scanner) and an image processing means (personal computer), and images a plurality of grains placed on the sample tray using the image reading means, it is to measure the appearance of the grain by processing a captured image by the image processing means.

Wherein the image reading means, each image reading means for aircraft are different, because the machinery difference such as color in an image captured occurs, so that this aircraft difference does not affect the error such as the appearance measurements of the particle, It is necessary to correct the aircraft difference. For this reason, in Patent Document 1, the machine difference is corrected by using an impermeable reference plate as a correction (calibration) jig. Specifically, the sample tray on which the granular material is placed and the reference plate are placed on the image reading surface of the image reading means, and the image reading means simultaneously captures the images of the granular material and the reference plate. By using the image information of the reference plate, the difference between the airframes is corrected by correcting the image of the granular material picked up at the same time.

  By the way, when the granular material to be measured is permeable, there are the following problems. That is, when the granular material is imaged by the appearance measuring device, the reflected light reflected by the surface of the granular material and the transmitted light transmitted through the granular material are imaged. However, when imaging the reference plate with the appearance measuring device, only the reflected light reflected by the surface of the reference plate is captured. Therefore, the average optical path length at the time of imaging differs between the transparent granular material and the reference plate that images only the reflected light. For this reason, even if an image of a transparent granular material is corrected using image information of a reference plate having a different optical path length, the difference in the optical path length causes an error, and the machine difference correction cannot be sufficiently performed. Will occur.

International Publication No. WO2010 / 041388

  In view of the above problems, it is therefore a technical object of the present invention to provide a granular appearance measuring apparatus that includes a reference plate that does not cause the difference in optical path length and that can sufficiently perform machine body difference correction.

The present invention is to solve the above problems, a transparent bottom plate specimen tray with for placing a permeable granules as a sample, of a transparent plate and a non-permeable colored material made of a transparent material reference plate consisting of consisting colored plate, the image reading surface made of transparent material for placing the reference plate and the sample tray, provided below the image reading surface, the light on the image reading surface irradiation unit that irradiates an imaging unit that captures the particulate matter and the reference plate, and an image reading means which includes a background plate and the standards plates Ru is disposed above the sample tray, captured by the image reading means in appearance measuring device granules ing comprises image processing means, the for processing the captured image,
It said reference plate, the transparent plate is lower, the colored plate are joined together so that the upper height position of the joint surface of that is, the image and the sample tray with the reference plate A technical means that, when placed on the reading surface, is positioned above the lower surface of the granular material placed on the bottom plate of the sample tray and below the upper surface of the granular material ; I took it.

Further, the height position of the joint surface may be positioned at the center position in the height direction of the granular material placed on the bottom plate of the sample tray .

Its to the position of the joint surface, it may be adjusted by the thickness of the transparent plate.

Further, the colored plate, may be placed as at least two kinds of colors.

In the granular material appearance measuring apparatus according to the present invention, when the reference plate is placed on the image reading surface, the height position of the joint surface between the transparent plate and the coloring plate is on the bottom plate of the sample tray. Since it is located above the lower surface of the placed granular material and below the upper surface of the granular material, the light irradiated from the irradiation unit of the image reading means is the reference surface (bonding surface). ) And the optical path from when it is received by the imaging unit can be lengthened. Therefore, the imaging unit, and the reference plate, when captured simultaneously with the granular material, that Do is possible to match the optical path of the reference plate in the optical path of the particle. And since the optical path length at the time of imaging becomes equal between a granular material and a reference | standard board, it becomes possible to correct | amend the image of a granular material using image information with the same optical path length. Therefore, the machine difference correction can be performed sufficiently.

  Moreover, since the position in the height direction of the joint surface can be adjusted by the thickness of the transparent plate, the position can be easily adjusted even when the thickness of the granular material to be measured is changed. .

  Furthermore, since the coloring plate arranges a plurality of colors, the range of the wavelength of reflected light used to create the correction formula is widened, and more accurate machine difference correction can be performed.

It is a perspective view of the reference | standard board of this invention. It is a top view of the reference | standard board of this invention. It is a front view of the reference | standard board of this invention. It is sectional drawing which cut | disconnected the reference | standard board by the AA line in FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a positional relationship between a reference surface and an image reading surface. It is a figure which shows the usage example of a base reference board. It is a bottom view of the reference | standard board of this invention. It is an image figure of the image which imaged the reference board. It is a graph for creating a correction formula.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Figure 6 is a perspective view of the appearance measuring device 30. The appearance measuring apparatus 30 includes a sample tray 5 on which a granular material is placed, an image reading unit 1 including a correction reference plate 20, and a personal computer 10 serving as an image processing unit. As shown in FIG. 6, the reference plate 20 is used by being placed on the image reading surface 3 of the image reading means 1.

  FIGS. 1-4 is the figure which showed the reference | standard board 20 used with the external appearance measuring apparatus 30 of this invention. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the reference plate 20 is obtained by providing two colored plates 22 and 23 on a transparent plate 21 made of a transparent material such as glass or resin. The colors of the coloring plate 22 and the coloring plate 23 are preferably different from each other, and a color corresponding to the correction condition may be selected. In addition, it is good also as one color plate and only one color. Further, a single colored plate may be divided into a plurality of regions and different colors may be used for the respective regions.

  In addition, the images of the bottom surface (reference surface 7) of the coloring plate 22 and the coloring plate 23 are used for correcting the image of the granular material. For this reason, it is necessary to use the non-permeable thing for the coloring plates 22 and 23. FIG. In the present invention, the color of the colored plates 22 and 23 is the same color as the grain (brown rice) to be measured, the color of one colored plate is the bright color of the grain, and the other The color of the coloring plate is the dark color of the grain, the color of the coloring plate 22 is the bright color of the grain, and the color of the coloring plate 23 is the dark color of the grain. This is because it is effective for acquiring reflected light in a wide wavelength band when creating a correction formula described later.

  The image reading means 1 has an image reading surface 3, and a background plate 2 is provided on a cover 9 that covers the image reading surface 3 during measurement. On the image reading surface 3, a sample tray 5 and a reference plate 20 into which a granular material is charged at the time of measurement are placed.

  Since one side of the cover 9 is hinged to one upper end of the image reading means 1, it can be rotated by the hinge. For this reason, at the time of measurement, the cover 9 can cover the image reading surface 3 of the image reading means 1, and stray light from the outside can be prevented. Note that a general scanner can be used as the image reading unit 1.

  In the image reading unit 1, an irradiation unit (light source) 13 that irradiates light to the image reading surface 3, and reflected light that is irradiated from the irradiation unit 13 and reflected by the surface of the granular material and the background plate 2. An imaging unit 14 that receives and captures an image is disposed. The irradiation unit 13 and the imaging unit 14 constitute a scanner scanning device.

  The imaging unit 14 is composed of a color CCD or the like, and reflects, for example, three colors RGB (red, green, and blue) of the granular material placed on the image reading surface 3 and the reflected light or transmitted light from the reference plate 20. Each RGB light is received (imaged), and each RGB light quantity (brightness value) obtained by receiving the light is output to the personal computer 10 as image information.

  The personal computer 10 is equipped with an analysis unit that analyzes image information obtained by imaging by the image reading unit 1, a storage unit that stores the image information, a function of distributing measurement results via a network, and the like. For this reason, the image information of the reference plate 20 imaged by the image reading means 1 is processed by the personal computer 10 and used for correcting the image of the granular material imaged for measurement. The image information is information of an image obtained by imaging the surface where the colored plates 22 and 23 of the reference plate 20 are in contact with the transparent plate 21. In the present invention, the surface is the reference surface 7.

  The reference plate 20 may be imaged by the image reading means 1 alone, but in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the reference plate 20 is imaged simultaneously with the granular material to be measured. 7 image information is acquired. The position where the reference plate 20 is imaged is not particularly limited as long as the position can be specified, and may be arranged at a location convenient for design. In the present invention, the two sides forming the corner B of the image reading surface 3 are arranged at positions where the sides in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the reference plate 20 are brought into contact with each other. They are arranged in a so-called right-justified state. By disposing at this position, the position of the reference surface 7 of the reference plate 20 in the captured image can be easily recognized. The shape of the reference plate 20 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a shape that can be easily captured by the image reading unit 1 and is rectangular in this embodiment.

  Here, a correction method using image information of the reference surface 7 of the reference plate 20 will be described. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the correction method, and is an image diagram of an image obtained by capturing the reference plate 20 with the image reading means 1. In the correction method, an image obtained by capturing a granular material is corrected in units of pixels. Specifically, a correction formula for the amount of light (brightness value) is obtained and corrected for each column with respect to the pixels arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reference plate 20 (the direction indicated by symbol B in FIG. 8). For this reason, if the positions (rows) in the longitudinal direction are the same, each pixel in the width direction of the reference plate 20 (the direction indicated by the symbol C in FIG. 8) is corrected with a common correction formula. In FIG. 8, the arrangement of pixels in the longitudinal direction is represented as 1 to m “columns”.

  The correction formula is obtained for each pixel arranged in the longitudinal direction in the image obtained by imaging the reference plane 7 of the reference plate 20. In the image, the column is the same for each pixel arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reference plate 20. There are a plurality of pixels in the width direction of the reference plate 20. In FIG. 8, n pixels having the same column are shown. These n pixels are a pixel that images the coloring plate 22 and a pixel that images the coloring plate 23. In the present invention, the correction formula is obtained for each column using the light amount (luminance value) of each pixel (n) in the same column.

  Next, how to obtain the correction formula will be described. It is necessary to obtain the light quantity of each pixel of the image obtained by imaging the reference plane 7 of the reference plate 20 so as to be the same for each reference plate 20. For this reason, in the present invention, a reference plate M serving as a reference is prepared, and the reference plate M is used as a reference value for the amount of light of each pixel of the image captured by the image reading means, and other reference plates are imaged using this reference value. Correction is performed to match the light quantity of the image in pixel units. It should be noted that it is preferable to prepare a device that serves as a reference for image reading means for imaging a reference plate as a reference.

  The correction formula obtains the light quantity of each pixel from an image obtained by imaging the reference plate 20, and plots the light quantity as an actual measurement value on a graph (FIG. 9) in which the horizontal axis indicates the actual measurement value and the vertical axis provides the reference value. The primary regression equation is calculated from a plurality of plotted points. In addition, each reference value on the vertical axis in the graph is a light amount of each pixel in an image obtained by imaging the reference plate M. The regression equation is the correction equation, and this correction equation is obtained for each column. And the light quantity of each pixel of the image which imaged the granular material is correct | amended with the said correction formula calculated | required for every row | line | column. It should be noted that the correction formula for each column is desirably obtained for each of the light amounts of the three colors RGB. Further, the correction method is not limited to the one using the regression equation, and a difference from the light amount of each pixel of the image obtained by imaging the reference plate M serving as a reference may be used.

  By the way, the scanner used as the image reading unit 1 mainly uses thin objects such as paper. For this reason, the one where the thickness of the reference | standard board 20 is thinner is preferable. However, the thickness of the reference plate 20 needs to be set according to the granular material to be measured. The colored plates 22 and 23 of the reference plate 20 may be made as thin as possible as long as they are impermeable. However, the transparent plate 21 needs to be set according to the thickness of the granular material to be measured. .

  Here, the thickness of the transparent plate 21 constituting the reference plate 20 will be described. FIGS. 5A to 5D show the positional relationship in the height direction between the image reading surface 3 of the image reading means 1 and the colored plates 22 and 23 of the reference plate 20. In addition, in FIG. 5 (a)-FIG.5 (d), the rice grain 4 is used as an example of the granular material of a measuring object. Since the rice grains 4 are placed on the sample tray 5 and imaged, the rice grains 4 are displayed on the bottom plate 6 of the sample tray 5 (indicated by a dotted line).

  FIG. 5A shows a case where the transparent plate 21 is not provided on the reference plate 20 and the coloring plates 22 and 23 are in direct contact with the image reading surface 3. In this case, the height of the reference surface 7 of the coloring plates 22 and 23 is 0 mm. This state is defined as condition a.

  In FIG. 5B, a transparent plate 21 having the same thickness as the bottom plate 6 of the sample tray 5 is provided, and the reference surface 7 of the colored plates 22 and 23 is the same height as the top surface of the bottom plate 6 of the sample tray 5. The case where it is located is represented. In this case, if the thickness of the bottom plate 6 is 1.0 mm, the height of the reference surface 7 of the colored plates 22 and 23 is 1.0 mm. This state is defined as condition b.

  FIG. 5 (c) is transparent so that the height of the central position 8 of the thickness of the rice grain 4 placed on the bottom plate 6 of the sample tray 5 and the reference plane 7 of the colored plates 22 and 23 are the same height. The case where the plate 21 is provided is shown. In this case, if the thickness of the bottom plate 6 of the sample tray 5 is 1.0 mm and the thickness of the rice grain 4 is 3.0 mm, the height of the reference surface 7 of the colored plates 22 and 23 is 2.5 mm. This state is defined as condition c.

  FIG. 5 (d) shows the transparent plate 21 so that the height of the reference surface 7 of the colored plates 22 and 23 is the same as the top surface of the rice grain 4 placed on the bottom plate 6 of the sample tray 5. The case where it provided is represented. In this case, if the thickness of the bottom plate 6 of the sample tray 5 is 1.0 mm and the thickness of the rice grains is 3.0 mm, the height of the reference surface 7 of the plates 22 and 23 is 4.0 mm. This state is defined as condition d.

  Conventionally, the image reading means 1 images the reference surface 7 of the reference plate 20 under the condition a shown in FIG. 5A or the condition b shown in FIG. Thus, the personal computer 10 corrects the color and the like of the image obtained by imaging the measurement object. However, in the correction based on the image information of the reference plate 20 obtained under the conditions (a) and (b), there is a problem that the machine difference of the color value between image reading means is not sufficiently eliminated. The cause of the problem is considered to be due to the difference in optical path length when imaging the granular object and the reference surface 7 of the reference plate 20. When a thick and permeable granular material such as rice grains (particularly white rice) is the object to be measured, a part of the light irradiated for imaging from the irradiation unit 13 of the image reading means 1 is the surface of the granular material. As shown by an arrow β shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the transmitted light that has passed through the granular material, reflected by the background plate 2 of the image reading means 1, and again transmitted through the granular material. The light is received by the imaging unit 14 of the image reading means 1. For this reason, when the transmissive granular material is imaged by the image reading means 1, the imaging unit 14 receives light that is a combination of the transmitted light and the reflected light (arrow α) reflected by the surface of the granular material. Therefore, the average reflection position of the light is on the upper side of the bottom plate of the sample tray and between the lower surface and the upper surface of the granular material.

  In addition, since the reference plane 20 that reflects the irradiation light irradiated for imaging from the irradiation unit 13 of the image reading unit 1 is non-transmissive, the reference plate 20 has the non-transmission from the irradiation unit 13 of the image reading unit 1. The irradiated light is reflected by the reference surface 7 without passing through the reference surface 7 and is received as reflected light (arrow γ) by the imaging unit 14 of the image reading means 1. Therefore, the reflection position of the reflected light is the reference plane 7.

  For this reason, the reflection position of the irradiation light when the granular object is imaged is different from the reflection position of the irradiation light when the reference plate is imaged, that is, the granular object and the reference plate at the time of imaging. A difference occurs in the optical path length. Therefore, even if the image of the granular material is corrected using the image information of the reference plate having a different optical path length, the difference in the optical path length causes an error. The image of the granular material containing it could not be corrected sufficiently.

  Further, even when the distance between the reference surface 7 and the image reading surface 3 is long as in the condition d shown in FIG. 5D, the color value between the image reading means is corrected by the image information of the reference plate 20. There was a problem that the difference between the aircraft was not fully resolved. This is because the distance between the reference plane 7 and the imaging unit 14 of the image reading means 1 is further away than the distance between the center position 8 of the rice grain 4 and the imaging unit 14, so that the optical path length becomes longer and the light quantity decreases. It is probable that sufficient aircraft difference correction could not be performed.

Therefore, as the condition c shown in FIG. 5 (c), the position to the image reading surface three et al reference plane 7 (height direction), as same as the center position 8 of the measurement object rice grains 4, the reference plate When the 20 reference planes 7 are imaged by the image reading unit 1 and the image reading unit 1 is corrected using image information obtained by imaging, the correction with the smallest machine difference among the above conditions a to d is performed. Turned out to be possible. This is because the average optical path length when the reference plane 7 of the reference plate 20 and the rice grain 4 to be measured are simultaneously imaged by the image reading means 1 is the same, and no difference is generated. Therefore, it is desirable that the reference surface 7 of the reference plate 20 is provided above the upper surface of the bottom plate 6 of the sample tray 5 and above the lower surface of the granular material during imaging. It is also appropriate to provide the reference plane 7 near the center of the granular material at the time of imaging, particularly at the center position.

  In addition, the center position of the granular material used as a measuring object can be calculated | required from the average value by measuring the thickness of a some sample and calculating an average value. About the granular material generally distribute | circulating like a rice grain, you may obtain | require using the various measurement data regarding the existing thickness. Further, the position of the reference surface 7 of the reference plate 20 is adjusted by the thickness of the transparent plate 21.

  By the way, the reference plate 20 is provided with a serial number for individual management, and each reference plate 20 is managed by the serial number. Further, a correction coefficient (set value) used for correcting the color of the image of the granular material is provided for each reference plate 20. For this reason, the correction coefficient is provided in combination with each serial number. The correction coefficient is used to correct individual differences between the reference plates 20, and is set for each reference plate at the time of product shipment and is registered in advance in the personal computer 10. When the reference plate 20 is used, the user manually inputs the serial number of the reference plate 20 to be used in the personal computer 10 and selects the correction coefficient from the input serial number. Was composed.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7 (a bottom view of the reference plate 20), it is conceivable to provide a QR code (registered trademark) 12 on a part of the reference surface 7 of the reference plate 20 of the present invention. By providing the QR code (registered trademark) 12 at this position, the information of the QR code (registered trademark) 12 is simultaneously addressed to the personal computer 10 when the reference plate 20 is imaged and the image information of the reference plane 7 is acquired. Is possible. The information includes a unique serial number of each reference plate 20 and the like.

  The serial number is automatically specified by the personal computer 10 from the image obtained by capturing the reference plate 20 by the image reading means 1 using the QR code (registered trademark) 12, thereby automatically correcting the correction coefficient corresponding to the reference plate 20 to be used. The individual difference of the reference plate can be corrected by the selected correction coefficient. In addition, since it is not necessary to manually input the serial number, it is possible to prevent erroneous use of the correction coefficient due to, for example, a mismatch between the reference plate and the correction coefficient due to erroneous input.

  In addition, a plurality of QR codes (registered trademark) 12 are provided, and the serial number of the reference plate 20 and the correction coefficient corresponding to the serial number can be simultaneously acquired by the personal computer 10 by imaging the reference plate 20. Become. In this case, the step of registering the correction coefficient in the personal computer 10 in advance can be omitted.

  The color plate constituting the reference plate 20 is not limited to two colors. Depending on the conditions for correcting the image reading means 1, three or more color plates are used, and three or more colors are used. It is also possible to perform correction. Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it goes without saying that the configuration can be appropriately changed without departing from the scope of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Image reading means 2 Background plate 3 Image reading surface 4 Rice grain 5 Sample tray 6 Bottom plate 7 Reference surface 8 Center position 9 Cover 10 Personal computer 11 Reference plate 12 QR code (registered trademark)
13 Irradiation unit 14 Imaging unit 20 Reference plate 21 Transparent plate 22 Colored plate 23 Colored plate

Claims (4)

A sample tray having a transparent bottom plate for placing a permeable granular material as a sample;
Transparent plate and impermeable reference plate made of colored plate of coloring material of which is made of a transparent material, the image reading surface made of transparent material for placing the reference plate and the sample tray, than the image reading surface provided below, the irradiation unit, an imaging unit that captures the particulate matter and the reference plate, and the standards plate and the background plate that will be located above the sample tray for irradiating light to the image reading surface An image reading means comprising:
In appearance measuring device granules ing comprises image processing means for processing the images captured, the by the image reading means,
It said reference plate, the transparent plate is lower, the colored plate are joined together so that the upper height position of the joint surface of that is, the image and the sample tray with the reference plate When placed on the reading surface, it is located above the lower surface of the granular material placed on the bottom plate of the sample tray and below the upper surface of the granular material. Appearance measuring device for granular materials. The height position of the bonding surface appearance measuring device granulate of claim 1 which is formed by being positioned in the height direction of the center position of the bottom plate on the mounted granulate of the sample tray. Height of the bonding surface appearance measuring device granulate according to claim 1 or 2 is adjusted by the thickness of the transparent plate. The colored plate appearance measuring device of the granular product according to any one of claims 1 to 3 formed by arranging at least two types of colors.

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