JP6109183B2 - 硬質金属組成物 - Google Patents
硬質金属組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6109183B2 JP6109183B2 JP2014537629A JP2014537629A JP6109183B2 JP 6109183 B2 JP6109183 B2 JP 6109183B2 JP 2014537629 A JP2014537629 A JP 2014537629A JP 2014537629 A JP2014537629 A JP 2014537629A JP 6109183 B2 JP6109183 B2 JP 6109183B2
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- tungsten carbide
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UFYREEIANXVLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Macroline Natural products CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C2)=C1C1N(C)C2C(CO)C(C(=C)C(C)=O)C1 UFYREEIANXVLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005029 sieve analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAXLZNWUNMCZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanidylidynetungsten Chemical compound [W]#[C-] OAXLZNWUNMCZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002347 wear-protection layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZGDWHDKHJKZZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt nickel Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni] ZGDWHDKHJKZZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1035—Liquid phase sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/949—Tungsten or molybdenum carbides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/01—Reducing atmosphere
- B22F2201/013—Hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/04—CO or CO2
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/10—Inert gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/20—Use of vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/10—Carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/10—Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/15—Millimeter size particles, i.e. above 500 micrometer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
- B23B2222/28—Details of hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/48—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of core type
- E21B10/485—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of core type with inserts in form of chisels, blades or the like
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
a)溶融炭化タングステン粒子が、固体状態でCo中に拡散することによって、並びに焼結の間に生じ、かつ本質的にコバルト及び/又はニッケルから成る液相中に拡散することによって溶解され、
b)好ましい羽毛状構造(Federstruktur)が、焼結プロセスにおいて熱的/化学的に変形し、かつ
c)構成部材が、気孔不含に焼結されることができない
という点から説明することができる。
a)溶融炭化タングステンの内核と炭化タングステンの外殻とを包含する硬質物質粒子並びに
b)Co、Ni、Feと、Co、Ni及びFeから選択される少なくとも1種の金属を包含する合金とから成る群から選択されるバインダー金属
を包含する組成物を焼結することを包含する構成部材の製造法であって、ここで、焼結は、1250℃〜1400℃の温度範囲内で3〜15分間にわたって行う。焼結は、好ましくは10-2barを下回るガス圧で行う。
例1(図3で"Co1"と表示)
溶融炭化タングステン(WSC)[粒径:150μm]76質量%及び炭化タングステン(WC)[粒径:6μm]17質量%を、コバルト15質量と一緒に1370℃で3分間焼結する。
WSC[粒径:300μm]72質量%、WC[粒径:6μm]18質量%及びコバルト10質量%を、1320℃で3分間、真空中(<10-3mbar)かつ45MPaの押圧にて焼結する。
WSC[粒径:150μm]68質量%、WC[粒径:6μm]17質量%及びコバルト15質量%を、1330℃で3分間、真空中(<10-3mbar)かつ45MPaの押圧にて焼結する。
溶融炭化タングステン92質量%を、コバルト8質量%と一緒に1420℃で45分間、真空中で焼結する。
溶融炭化タングステン(WSC)を有する硬質金属の組織は、WCとW2Cとから成る微細なラメラ構造を有するWSC粒子によって特徴付けられる(図1を参照されたい)。図2は、それと比較して非常に粗い従来の硬質金属を示す。
図3には、摩耗試験(ASTM B611−85(2005))の結果を示している。目立っているのは、特に少ない体積損失である。これは、ドリリング及びマイニングの領域で通常用いられる非常に粗い標準的な硬質金属の場合、300mm3を超える(ASTM B611−85に準拠)。
Claims (16)
- a)溶融炭化タングステン(炭化タングステン(WC)と炭化二タングステン(W2C)との共晶混合物)の内核と炭化タングステンの外殻とを包含する硬質物質粒子並びに
b)Co、Ni、Feと、Co、Ni及びFeから選択される少なくとも1種の金属を包含する合金とから成る群から選択されるバインダー金属
を包含する組成物を焼結することを包含する構成部材の製造法であって、ここで、該焼結を、1250℃〜1400℃の温度範囲内で3〜15分間にわたって行う、製造法。 - 前記硬質物質粒子が、該硬質物質粒子全体を基準として4〜6質量%の含有率の結合炭素を有することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記硬質物質粒子が、該硬質物質粒子全体を基準として4.3〜5.5質量%の含有率の結合炭素を有することを特徴とする、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記硬質物質粒子の前記外殻の厚みが、平均粒径の0.05〜0.4倍であることを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記硬質物質粒子が、溶融炭化タングステン(炭化タングステン(WC)と炭化二タングステン(W2C)との共晶混合物)及び/又は溶融炭化タングステン(炭化タングステン(WC)と炭化二タングステン(W2C)との共晶混合物)と元素の周期律表の4B族、5B族及び6B族の群から選択される元素の少なくとも1種の更なる炭化物とを包含する合金より構成される内核、並びに炭化タングステンと元素の周期律表の4B族、5B族及び6B族の群から選択される元素の少なくとも1種の更なる炭化物とを包含する合金より構成される外殻を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記焼結を、1300〜1370℃の温度で行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記焼結を、3〜10分間にわたって行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記バインダー金属が、Co、Ni、Feを包含する合金であることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記焼結が液相焼結であることを特徴とする、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記焼結を、10-3barを下回るガス圧で行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記焼結を、10-4barを下回るガス圧で行うことを特徴とする、請求項10記載の方法。
- 前記焼結を、50K/分を上回る加熱速度で、所望の焼結温度に達するまで加熱することによって行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 冷却を焼結プロセス後に、焼結温度から500℃までの温度範囲内で、100K/分を下回る冷却速度により行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 冷却を焼結プロセス後に、焼結温度から500℃までの温度範囲内で、80K/分を下回る冷却速度により行うことを特徴とする、請求項13記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、該組成物の全質量を基準として、硬質物質粒子60〜95質量%及びバインダー金属5〜40質量%を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から14までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記焼結を、前記組成物に20〜80MPaの力を押しながら行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から15までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011117042.5 | 2011-10-27 | ||
DE102011117042.5A DE102011117042B4 (de) | 2011-10-27 | 2011-10-27 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils umfassend das Sintern einer Hartmetallzusammensetzung |
PCT/EP2012/071254 WO2013060839A1 (de) | 2011-10-27 | 2012-10-26 | Hartmetallzusammensetzung |
Publications (2)
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JP2015501385A JP2015501385A (ja) | 2015-01-15 |
JP6109183B2 true JP6109183B2 (ja) | 2017-04-05 |
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JP2014537629A Active JP6109183B2 (ja) | 2011-10-27 | 2012-10-26 | 硬質金属組成物 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9879333B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2771494B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6109183B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102007964B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103930578B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2012328376B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2852653C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102011117042B4 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL232047B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013060839A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA201402914B (ja) |
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JP2015501385A (ja) | 2015-01-15 |
US9879333B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 |
US20140322064A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
EP2771494A1 (de) | 2014-09-03 |
KR102007964B1 (ko) | 2019-08-06 |
CA2852653A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
DE102011117042B4 (de) | 2019-02-21 |
IL232047A0 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
CN103930578B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
US20180094343A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
ZA201402914B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
CA2852653C (en) | 2019-09-17 |
IL232047B (en) | 2019-07-31 |
AU2012328376A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
CN103930578A (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
KR20140089354A (ko) | 2014-07-14 |
US11525173B2 (en) | 2022-12-13 |
EP2771494B1 (de) | 2019-05-22 |
AU2012328376B2 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
DE102011117042A1 (de) | 2013-05-02 |
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