JP6185552B2 - 石油化学製品を生成させる、統合された、原油のスラリー水素化処理、及び水蒸気熱分解 - Google Patents
石油化学製品を生成させる、統合された、原油のスラリー水素化処理、及び水蒸気熱分解 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/10—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 with moving solid particles
- C10G49/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/06—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/24—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles
- C10G47/26—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/007—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 in the presence of hydrogen from a special source or of a special composition or having been purified by a special treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
- C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
- C10G67/10—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including alkaline treatment as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/16—Preventing or removing incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/22—Higher olefins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/30—Aromatics
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2012年3月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/613,272号、及び2013年3月15日に出願された同第61/785,932号の優先権の利益を主張し、それらは、本出願において参照により援用される。
発明の分野
本発明は、石油化学製品、例えば軽質のオレフィン及び芳香族を、原油を含む原料から生成させる、統合された、スラリー水素化処理、及び水蒸気熱分解処理に関する。
低級オレフィン(すなわち、エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン、及びブタジエン)、並びに芳香族(すなわち、ベンゼン、トルエン、及びキシレン)は、石油化学及び化学工業で広く使用されている基本的な中間体である。熱分解、又は水蒸気熱分解は、典型的には水蒸気の存在下で、そして酸素の非存在下で、これらの物質を形成する主要なタイプの処理である。水蒸気熱分解用の原料には、石油ガス及び蒸留物、例えばナフサ、ケロシン、及びガス油を挙げることができる。通常、これらの原料を入手するには限界があり、原油精製所において、高コストでエネルギー集約型の処理工程が必要である。
VAPB=体積平均したランキン度での沸点
であり、
sp.gr.=原料の比重
である。
統合された、スラリー水素化処理、及び水蒸気熱分解処理を含む処理フロー概略図を、図1に示す。統合システムは概して、スラリー水素化処理ゾーン、水蒸気熱分解ゾーン、及び生成物分離ゾーンを含む。
か、又は直接的に水蒸気熱分解ゾーン30に、流れ10として受け渡す。スラリー水素化
処理ゾーン4からのスラリー水素化処理されたエフルエント10aは、水素含有量が供給
物1と比較して増加している。特定の実施形態では、ボトム流10aは、水蒸気熱分解ゾ
ーン30への供給物10である。さらなる実施形態では、スラリー水素化処理ゾーン4か
らのボトム10aを分離ゾーン18に送り、そこでは、排出された気体部分は、水蒸気熱
分解ゾーン30への供給物10である。さらなる実施形態では、スラリー水素化処理ゾー
ン4からのボトム10aは、分離ゾーン18に送り、ここで、排出された気体部分は、水
蒸気熱分解ゾーン30への供給物10である。転換されなかったスラリー残油流17を、さらなる処理のために、混合ゾーン18に再循環させる。分離ゾーン20は、好適な気液分離ユニット運転、例えばフラッシュ容器、気体及び液体の物理的若しくは機械的分離に基づいた分離器、又はこれらのタイプの機器の少なくとも一つを含む組み合わせを含むことができる。気液分離器の特定の実施形態を、単独型機器、又はフラッシュ容器の吸入口に組み込まれた機器として、本明細書に、それぞれ図2A〜2C、及び3A〜3Cに関して記載する。
ン、プロピレン、ブタジエン、混合ブテン、及び熱分解ガソリンにするのに有効なパラメ
ータの下で行う。特定の実施形態では、水蒸気分解は、以下の条件:対流区域及び熱分解
区域における、400℃〜900℃の範囲の温度;対流区域における、0.3:1〜2:
1の範囲の、水蒸気対炭化水素比;及び対流区域及び熱分解区域における、0.05秒〜
2秒の範囲の滞留時間、を用いて実行する。
ここで中心線は、予備回転の構成要素88の、連続した断面表面の全ての中心点を結ぶ曲線として定義される。特定の実施形態では、曲率半径(R1)は、2≦R1/D1≦6の範囲にあり、開口角は、150°≦αR1≦250°の範囲にある。
の水素の回収の後、典型的には純度が80〜95vol%の水素62が得られる。ユニッ
ト61での回収方法には、深冷回収(例えば、約−157℃の温度で)が挙げられる。水
素流62はその後、水素精製ユニット64、例えば圧力変動吸着(PSA)ユニットに受
け渡し、純度99.9%+の水素流2を得るか、又は膜分離部に送り、純度約95%の水素流2を得る。精製した水素流2はその後、戻して再循環させ、水素化処理反応ゾーンに必要な水素の主要部分として役立てる。加えて、少量を使用して、アセチレン、メチルアセチレン、及びプロパジエン(示さず)の水素化反応を行うことができる。加えて、本明
細書の処理に従って、メタン流63は随意に、水蒸気分解器に再循環させて、バーナー及
び/又はヒーター(破線で表示)用の燃料として使用することができる。
Claims (11)
- オレフィン及び芳香族の石油化学製品を原油から生成させる、統合された、スラリー水
素化処理、及び水蒸気熱分解処理方法であって:
a. 原油、及び、スラリー残油、水蒸気熱分解ゾーン内の加熱流、又は混合生
成物流の一つ又は複数に由来する重質成分を、スラリー水素化処理ゾーン中で、水素の
存在中、増加した水素含有量を有するエフルエントを生成させるのに有効な条件下で処理
すること;
b. 水素化処理されたエフルエントを、気液分離ゾーンにおいて気相と液相に分離すること;
c. 水素化処理されたエフルエントの気相を、水蒸気熱分解ゾーン内で水蒸気の存在中、混合生成物流を生成させるのに有効な条件下で熱分解すること、該熱分解ステップ(c)が、水蒸気熱分解供給物を、水蒸気熱分解ゾーンの対流区域において加熱すること、加熱した水蒸気熱分解供給物を、気相と液相に分離すること、前記気相を、水蒸気熱分解ゾーンの熱分解区域に受け渡すこと、及び前記液相を排出して、ステップ(a)において処理される前記重質成分の少なくとも一部分として使用することを含み;
d. 前記混合生成物流を分離すること;
e. ステップ(d)で回収した水素を精製して、それをステップ(a)に再循環
させること;及び
f. オレフィン及び芳香族を、前記分離した混合生成物流から回収すること、
を含む方法。 - 熱分解燃料油を、前記分離した混合生成物流から回収し、ステップ(a)において処理
される重質成分の少なくとも一部分として使用することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の
統合処理方法。 - 前記液相の少なくとも一部分は、ステップ(a)におけるスラリー残油として再循環される、請求項1に記載の統合処理方法。
- 前記気液分離ゾーンがフラッシュ分離装置である、請求項1に記載の統合処理を行う方法。
- 前記気液分離ゾーンが、気体及び液体を分離する、物理的又は機械的な装置である、請
求項1に記載の統合処理方法。 - 請求項1に記載の統合処理方法であって、前記気液分離ゾーンがフラッシュ容器を含み
、前記フラッシュ容器は吸入口に気液分離器を有し、前記気液分離器が、
流入混合物の線速度を、回転速度に転換するための予備回転の構成要素であって、吸入口、及び該吸入口に接続された曲線の導管を有し、接続構成要素に通じる流入部分を含む予備回転の構成要素と、
制御されたサイクロン区域であって、
前記予備回転の構成要素に、前記曲線の導管及び前記接続構成要素を通じて接続する吸入口、及び
気体が通過するサイクロン部材の上端にライザー区域を有するサイクロン区域と、
を有し、
前記フラッシュ容器の底部分が、前記液相のすべて又は一部分をステップ(a)に受け
渡すのに先立って、前記液相の収集及び沈降ゾーンとしての役割を果たす、方法。 - 前記加熱した水蒸気熱分解供給物を気相と液相に分離することを、物理的及び機械的分
離に基づく気液分離器を用いて行う、請求項1に記載の統合処理方法。 - 前記加熱した水蒸気熱分解供給物を気相と液相に分離することを、気液分離器を用いて
行う、請求項1に記載の統合処理方法であって、前記気液分離器が、
流入混合物の線速度を、回転速度に転換するための予備回転の構成要素であって、吸入口、及び該吸入口に接続された曲線の導管を有し、接続構成要素に通じる流入部分を含む予備回転の構成要素と、
制御されたサイクロン区域であって、
前記予備回転の構成要素に、前記曲線の導管及び前記接続構成要素を通じて接続する吸入口、及び
前記気相が通過するサイクロン部材の上端にライザー区域を有するサイクロン区域
と、
前記液相のすべて又は一部分をステップ(a)に搬送するのに先立って、前記液相が
通過する液体収集器/沈降区域と、
を有する方法。 - 請求項1に記載の統合処理方法であって、
ステップ(d)が、
熱分解された混合生成物流を複数段の圧縮を用いて圧縮すること;
前記圧縮された、熱分解された混合生成物流を苛性処理に付して、硫化水素と二酸化
炭素の含有量が減少した、熱分解された混合生成物流を生成させること;
硫化水素と二酸化炭素の含有量が減少した、前記熱分解された混合生成物流を圧縮す
ること;
硫化水素と二酸化炭素の含有量が減少した、前記圧縮された、熱分解された混合生成
物流を脱水させること;
硫化水素と二酸化炭素の含有量が減少した、前記脱水した、圧縮された、熱分解され
た混合生成物流から、水素を回収すること;及び
オレフィン及び芳香族を、硫化水素と二酸化炭素の含有量が減少した、前記脱水した
、圧縮された、熱分解された混合生成物流の残りから得ること;を含み、そして
ステップ(e)が、硫化水素と二酸化炭素の含有量が減少した、前記脱水した、圧縮
された、熱分解された混合生成物流から回収した水素を精製し、スラリー水素化処理ゾー
ンに再循環させることを含む、方法。 - 硫化水素と二酸化炭素の含有量が減少した、前記脱水した、圧縮された、熱分解された
混合生成物流から水素を回収することがさらに、個別にメタンを回収して、熱分解ステッ
プにおいてバーナー及び/又はヒーターの燃料として使用することを含む、請求項9に
記載の統合処理方法。 - 新たな水素が前記方法を開始するために使用され、さらに、反応が平衡に達するとき、ステップ(e)から再循環される水素が、ステップ(a)におけるスラリー水素化処理ゾーンに充分な水素を供給する、請求項1に記載の統合処理方法。
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JP6185552B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-20 | 2017-08-23 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニー | 石油化学製品を生成させる、統合された、原油のスラリー水素化処理、及び水蒸気熱分解 |
US20140174980A1 (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-06-26 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Hydrotreated hydrocarbon tar, fuel oil composition, and process for making |
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CN107916128B (zh) | 2020-05-29 |
WO2013142620A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
KR102136854B1 (ko) | 2020-07-23 |
CN107916128A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
EP2828362A1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
CN104254590B (zh) | 2018-01-09 |
US20130248418A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
US10011788B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
JP2017171929A (ja) | 2017-09-28 |
CN104254590A (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
KR20150010712A (ko) | 2015-01-28 |
US20160122668A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
US20170342336A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
EP2828362B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
SG11201405900TA (en) | 2014-11-27 |
US9771530B2 (en) | 2017-09-26 |
US9284501B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 |
JP2015511655A (ja) | 2015-04-20 |
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