JP6163623B1 - Gas-liquid separator and supercritical water gasification system using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, in the separator main body 50 of the gas-liquid separator 43, the inside of the separator main body 50 is vertically divided above the introduction path 51, and the passage of the gas component of the processed fluid is permitted. The 1st demister 52a which blocks passage of this was arranged. In addition, a cleaning nozzle 53 for injecting a cleaning fluid is provided above the first demister 52a, and the pressure in the separator main body 50 is kept constant in the gas passage 55 communicating with the gas outlet 54 above the cleaning nozzle 53. A pressure regulating valve 56 that is kept within the range is provided, and a discharge port 57 that discharges the separated liquid component that stays in the lower part of the separator body 50 is provided. This prevents the inflow of solid components such as activated carbon and inorganic substances and viscous fluids such as tar and scum into the gas flow passage 55 for extracting gas from the gas-liquid separator 43, and is caused by clogging by these solid components and viscous fluid. The obstruction | occlusion of the gas flow path 55 which was done can be avoided beforehand, and the passage of the gas in the said gas flow path 55 can be ensured.

Description

  The present invention is adjusted by adding water and a catalyst to biomass using a gas-liquid separator that gravity-separates a mixed fluid including a gas component and a liquid component containing a liquid, a solid, and a viscous fluid. The present invention relates to a supercritical water gasification system that generates a fuel gas by decomposing a slurry body in a supercritical state.

  In recent years, in technology for gasifying hydrous biomass (shochu residue, egg-laying hen droppings, etc.) with supercritical water, the heat of the product obtained when gasifying the biomass with supercritical water is used. A supercritical water gasification system including a double-tube heat exchanger that heats hydrous biomass to be gasified or a slurry body of the biomass has been developed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  Here, a general biomass gasification system includes a heat exchanger, a heater, a gasification reactor, and the like, and converts organic matter into hydrogen, methane, ethane by hydrolysis reaction with supercritical water with high reactivity. -Gasify to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc. For example, a heat exchanger is a device that heats a slurry-like slurry body. This slurry body is adjusted by adding and mixing water, activated carbon, etc. with biomass, such as shochu residue, egg-collecting chicken droppings, and sludge. In the supercritical water gasification reaction, activated carbon is used as a catalyst. The heater is a device that raises the temperature of the slurry heated by the heat exchanger to a gasification reaction temperature, for example, 600 ° C. The gasification reactor is a device that hydrothermally processes the slurry to gasify the organic matter to produce a supercritical high-temperature fluid. The fluid in the supercritical state is then separated into a gas component and a liquid component in a gas-liquid separator, and the gas component is used as a fuel gas.

JP 2007-271146 A JP 2009-242697 A

  However, in the supercritical water gasification system as described above, fine powder of a nonmetallic catalyst (for example, activated carbon) used as a catalyst during gasification, tar scum generated during gasification, etc. In some cases, the viscous fluid flows into the pipe flow path for extracting the generated gas from the gas-liquid separator, and the pipe flow path is clogged or clogged due to the clogging.

  Therefore, the present inventors have focused on preventing the blockage of the flow path due to the viscous fluid such as tar and scum described above causing clogging in the gas-liquid separator.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and prevents inflow of viscous fluid such as tar and scum into a piping flow path for extracting product gas from a gas-liquid separator, resulting in clogging by these viscous fluids. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gas-liquid separator capable of avoiding the blockage of the pipe flow path, and ensuring the passage of gas in the pipe flow path, and a supercritical water gasification system using the same.

In order to solve the above problems, the gas-liquid separator according to the present invention is:
A gas-liquid separator for gravity-separating a mixed fluid including a gas component and a liquid component containing at least one of a solid and a viscous fluid,
A separator body;
An introduction path for introducing the mixed fluid into the separator body;
Arranged above the introduction path in the separator body so as to divide the separator body vertically, allowing the passage of the gas component and blocking the passage of the liquid component in the mixed fluid. A first demister to
A cleaning nozzle disposed above the first demister and injecting a cleaning fluid toward the first demister;
A gas outlet provided above the washing nozzle and for extracting the gas component from the separator body;
A pressure adjusting mechanism that is provided after the gas outlet and maintains the pressure in the separator within a certain range;
A discharge port for discharging the liquid component separated by gravity, which stays in the lower part of the separator body;
It is characterized by providing.

At this time, the gas-liquid separator according to the present invention is
A second demister that is provided in the vicinity of the gas outlet and for preventing the spray of the cleaning fluid and the liquid component that is scattered due to the fluid from flowing from the gas outlet to the gas outlet and beyond. Further, it may be provided.

The gas-liquid separator according to the present invention is
The liquid component, which is provided between the first demister and the cleaning nozzle and is collected in the first demister by the splash of the cleaning fluid ejected from the cleaning nozzle, is contained in the separator body. It is good also as providing the scattering prevention part for preventing scattering toward the upper direction.

Furthermore, the gas-liquid separator according to the present invention includes:
It may be further provided with a gas filter provided on the upstream side of the pressure adjusting mechanism after the gas outlet and for collecting the liquid component that can be included in the gas component flowing after the gas outlet. Good.

Furthermore, the gas-liquid separator according to the present invention includes:
The introduction path may be provided so as to introduce the mixed fluid toward the lower side in the separator body with respect to the separator body.

  At this time, the introduction path may be provided in a spiral shape toward the lower side.

The gas-liquid separator according to the present invention is
It is good also as providing the discharge path which has a mechanism connected to the said discharge port and which prevents discharge of the gaseous component in the said separator.

Moreover, the supercritical water gasification system according to the present invention is:
Including any of the gas-liquid separators described above,
A slurry body produced by preparing biomass is decomposed in a supercritical state.

  According to the present invention, solid components such as activated carbon and inorganic substances, and viscous fluids such as tar and scum are prevented from flowing into the piping flow path for extracting the generated gas from the gas-liquid separator, and clogging by these solid components and viscous fluid is caused. Therefore, it is possible to provide a gas-liquid separator capable of avoiding the blockage of the pipe flow path caused by the above-described problem and ensuring the passage of gas in the pipe flow path, and a supercritical water gasification system using the same.

It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the supercritical water gasification system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the gas-liquid separator used for the supercritical water gasification system of FIG.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a gas-liquid separator and a supercritical water gasification system using the same according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the present invention can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit or concept of the invention that can be read from the claims and the entire specification, and a gas-liquid separator accompanied by such a change and a superstructure using the same. A critical water gasification system is also included in the technical idea of the present invention.

<Overall configuration of supercritical water gasification system according to the present invention>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a supercritical water gasification system 10 described as an embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, the “supercritical water gasification system” is simply referred to as “gasification system”.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the gasification system 10 according to the present invention, a slurry body is prepared from biomass such as shochu residue, egg collection feces, sewage sludge and the like as raw materials, and the prepared slurry body is heated and pressurized to remove organic matter. The fuel gas is generated while performing the decomposition process. As shown in the figure, the gasification system 10 includes a raw material preparation unit 20, a heat treatment unit 30, and a gas processing unit 40.

  The raw material preparation unit 20 is a part that prepares a slurry body from biomass. The raw material preparation unit 20 includes a preparation tank 21, a pulverizer 22, a supply pump 23, and a heat exchanger introduction pump 24.

  The preparation tank 21 is a container for mixing biomass, water, and activated carbon (a kind of nonmetallic catalyst). In the preparation tank 21, a mixture in which biomass, water, and activated carbon are mixed is prepared. For example, porous particles having an average particle diameter of 200 μm or less are used as the activated carbon. The mixing ratio of biomass, water, and activated carbon is appropriately adjusted according to the type, amount, moisture content, and the like of biomass.

  The pulverizer 22 is an apparatus for crushing the solid content of the mixture prepared in the preparation tank 21 to obtain a uniform size (preferably an average particle size of 500 μm or less, more preferably an average particle size of 300 μm or less). is there. By being processed by the pulverizer 22, the mixture becomes a slurry-like slurry body.

  The supply pump 23 supplies the slurry body discharged from the pulverizer 22 to the heat exchanger introduction pump 24. The heat exchanger introduction pump 24 pressurizes the slurry body sent from the supply pump 23 and supplies it to the heat treatment unit 30. The slurry body is pressurized to about 25 MPa by the heat exchanger introduction pump 24.

  The heat treatment unit 30 is a part that heats and gasifies the slurry body prepared by the raw material preparation unit 20. The heat treatment unit 30 includes a heat exchanger 31, a heater 32, and a gasification reactor 33.

  The heat exchanger 31 is a device that heats the slurry body sent from the raw material preparation unit 20. The heat exchanger 31 is, for example, a double tube heat exchanger including a double tube, and includes a low temperature channel 36 and a high temperature channel 37. The slurry body sent from the raw material preparation unit 20 circulates in the low temperature flow path 36. On the other hand, a supercritical high-temperature fluid (hereinafter also referred to as a post-treatment fluid) generated in a gasification reactor 33 described later is introduced into the high-temperature channel 37, and this post-treatment fluid flows. Then, heat is exchanged between the treated fluid flowing in the high temperature channel 37 and the slurry body flowing in the low temperature channel 36.

  The heater 32 is a device that heats the slurry body sent from the heat exchanger 31. The heater 32 includes a combustion device 32a. The combustion device 32a introduces liquefied petroleum gas such as propane gas or fuel gas sent from the gas processing unit 40, mixes it with air, and burns the slurry body. Heat. Thereby, the temperature of the slurry introduced into the heater 32 is raised to, for example, about 600 ° C. The heated slurry body is sent to the gasification reactor 33.

  The gasification reactor 33 keeps the slurry body sent from the heater 32 in a supercritical state, and keeps it constant at the gasification reaction temperature (temperature at which the slurry body is gasified (gasification is possible)). This is an apparatus for hydrothermally treating an organic substance contained in a slurry body. The gasification reactor 33 includes a combustion device 33a. The combustion device 33a introduces liquefied petroleum gas or fuel gas sent from the gas processing unit 40, mixes it with air, and burns the slurry body to react the reaction temperature. Keep it hydrothermally treated. In this hydrothermal treatment, the slurry body is hydrothermally treated for 1 to 2 minutes under conditions of, for example, 600 ° C. and 25 MPa. The hydrothermally treated slurry body undergoes a gasification reaction and then is sent to the high-temperature channel 37 of the heat exchanger 31 as a post-treatment fluid.

  Gasification of biomass with supercritical water can be carried out under the conditions of a temperature of 374 ° C. or higher and a pressure of 22.1 MPa or higher using the above-mentioned nonmetallic catalyst. It is preferable to carry out under the temperature and pressure (in the range of 600 ° C. or more and 25 to 35 MPa) that can suppress the generation and increase the carbon gasification rate. By treating the biomass with supercritical water in this way, the biomass can be decomposed to generate fuel gas such as hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, and ethylene.

  The gas processing unit 40 is a part that extracts fuel gas from the processed fluid sent from the heat exchanger 31. The gas processing unit 40 includes a decompression mechanism 41, a cooling mechanism 42, a gas-liquid separator 43, and a gas tank 44.

  The decompression mechanism 41 is a device that decompresses the processed fluid sent from the heat exchanger 31. The cooling mechanism 42 is a device that cools the processed fluid sent from the decompression mechanism 41. The gas-liquid separator 43 converts the processed fluid cooled by the cooling mechanism 42 into liquid components (liquid such as wastewater containing at least one of solids such as activated carbon and ash and viscous fluids such as tar and scum), and gas. It is a device that separates into components (gases such as hydrogen and methane). Among these, the liquid component is treated as drainage, and the gas component is sent to the gas tank 44. The details of the gas-liquid separator 43 will be described later.

  The gas tank 44 is a container for storing the gas (product gas) separated by the gas-liquid separator 43. A part of the product gas stored in the gas tank 44 is supplied to the heater 32 and the gasification reactor 33 and consumed as fuel gas. In addition, this fuel gas can also be used as power generation or a power source.

<Configuration of gas-liquid separator>
Next, the gas-liquid separator 43 according to the present invention will be described. As described above, in the gas-liquid separator 43 of the present embodiment, the treated fluid cooled by the cooling mechanism 42 is generated from liquid components including waste water, tar, activated carbon, ash, scum, etc., and hydrogen, methane, and the like. Two liquid component discharge devices having a mechanism for preventing the discharge of a gas component in a separator main body 50 (described later) of the gas-liquid separator 43 by gravity separation into a gas component containing gas. It discharges via the discharge path 58 provided with the gate valves 43a and 43b.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the gas-liquid separator 43 includes a separator main body 50, an introduction path 51 for introducing a treated fluid into the separator main body 50, and the separator main body 50. Above the introduction path 51, a first demister 52a is provided so as to divide the separator main body 50 vertically.

  At this time, it is preferable that the introduction path 51 is provided to the separator body 50 so as to introduce the treated fluid downward in the separator body 50. As a result, the liquid component of the introduced post-treatment fluid can be separated by gravity so that the liquid component drops downward and the gas component rises upward.

  Here, the introduction path 51 is preferably provided in a spiral shape downward. In this way, the introduction path 51 can introduce the treated fluid along the inner wall surface in the separator body 50 when the treated fluid is introduced, and is called tar or scum contained in the treated fluid. Bubbles made of gas can be prevented from splashing in the form of splashes.

  In addition, the first demister 52a is made of gold scrubber or a metal net laminated, and allows passage of the aforementioned gas component of the processed fluid introduced into the separator main body 50, and liquid component. Block the passage of. In other words, the first demister 52a collects activated carbon, inorganic matter, tar, scum, etc. contained in the liquid component by passing the gas component separated from the treated fluid and blocking the liquid component. It can be done.

  The gas-liquid separator 43 is disposed above the first demister 52a, and is provided above the cleaning nozzle 53 with a cleaning nozzle 53 that injects a cleaning fluid toward the first demister 52a. And a gas outlet 54 for extracting the above-mentioned gas components separated from the inside of the vessel main body 50 by gravity.

  In the first demister 52a, dirt is generated by collecting the aforementioned activated carbon, inorganic substance, tar, scum and the like. Therefore, the cleaning can be performed by ejecting the cleaning fluid from the cleaning nozzle 53 toward the first demister 52a. At this time, between the first demister 52a and the cleaning nozzle 53, a baffle plate 59 made of, for example, a donut-shaped flat plate member as a scattering prevention portion is in close contact with the inner wall of the separator body 50 (for example, welding) Preferably). As a result, liquid components (particularly activated carbon, inorganic matter, tar, scum, etc.) collected in the first demister 52a by the splash of the cleaning fluid ejected from the cleaning nozzle 53 are directed upward in the separator body 50. It is possible to prevent scattering.

  A gas passage 55 is communicated with the gas outlet 54, and a pressure regulating valve 56 such as a back pressure valve for regulating the pressure of the gas component flowing therethrough is provided in the gas passage 55. . The pressure regulating valve 56 is a self-pressure regulating valve having a spring inside. The pressure regulating valve 56 is opened when a constant pressure is reached, and operates as a mechanism for maintaining the pressure in the separator body 50 within a certain range. Yes.

  In addition, it is preferable that the 2nd demister 52b of the structure similar to the 1st demister 52a is provided in the vicinity of the gas outlet 54. As a result, the liquid components (particularly activated carbon, inorganic matter, tar, scum, etc.) that scavenge through the first demister 52a and the baffle plate 59 are collected, and the liquid components are extracted from the separator body 50. It is possible to effectively prevent the gas flow passage 55 from flowing along with the gas component generated in the separator main body 50 having a relatively low flow rate.

  Further, the gas flow path 55 is preferably provided with a gas filter 60 on the upstream side of the pressure regulating valve 56. Thereby, even when a liquid component is contained in the gas component flowing through the gas flow channel 55, the liquid component (particularly, activated carbon, inorganic material, tar, scum, etc.) can be collected. ing.

  Further, a discharge port 57 for discharging the liquid component separated by gravity as described above is provided at the lower part of the separator body 50, and the discharge port 57 discharges the gas component in the separator body 50. A discharge pipe 58, which is a liquid component discharge path, provided with two gate valves 43a and 43b as a mechanism for preventing the above is communicated. At this time, the discharge pipe 58 is provided with two gate valves 43a and 43b. When discharging the liquid component described above, first, only the upper gate valve 43a is opened, and the lower gate valve 43b is connected. If the liquid component is accumulated in the meantime, the upper gate valve 43a is closed. Thereafter, only the lower gate valve 43b is opened, and the liquid component is discharged. By doing in this way, even if it is a case where the inside of separator main part 50 is a pressure (for example, 0.3-0.5 MPa) higher than atmospheric pressure, an internal pressure and a gas component (product gas) The liquid component can be efficiently discharged without missing the water.

  As described above, in the gasification system 10 of the present embodiment, in the separator main body 50 above the introduction path 51 for introducing the processed fluid into the separator main body 50 of the gas-liquid separator 43. The first demister 52a is arranged so as to divide the upper and lower parts, and allows passage of the aforementioned gas component and prevents passage of the liquid component of the processed fluid introduced into the separator body 50. I tried to do it. Thereby, in the 1st demister 52a, the gas component isolate | separated from the fluid after a process is passed, and the activated carbon, the inorganic substance, tar, scum, etc. which are contained in the said liquid component can be collected by blocking a liquid component. Therefore, the inflow of solid components such as activated carbon and inorganic substances and viscous fluids such as tar and scum into the gas flow path 55 for extracting the generated gas from the gas-liquid separator 43 is prevented, and clogging by these solid components and viscous fluid is caused. The blockage of the gas flow path 55 due to this can be avoided in advance. Thus, the gas passage in the gas flow path 55 can be secured.

  At this time, the gas-liquid separator 43 may be provided with a second demister in the vicinity of the gas outlet 54. As a result, the splash of the cleaning fluid sprayed from the cleaning nozzle 53 toward the first demister 52a and the liquid component (particularly activated carbon, inorganic substance, tar, scum, etc.) that are scattered due to the spray are relatively high in flow rate. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the gas from flowing out from the gas outlet 54 to the gas flow channel 55 inside the separator main body 50 that is slow.

  Further, the gas-liquid separator 43 may be provided with a baffle plate 59 between the first demister 52 a and the cleaning nozzle 53. As a result, liquid components (particularly activated carbon, inorganic matter, tar, scum, etc.) collected in the first demister 52 a due to the splash of the cleaning fluid ejected from the cleaning nozzle 53 are moved upward in the separator body 50. It is possible to prevent the air from being scattered.

  Further, the gas-liquid separator 43 may be provided with a gas filter 60 on the upstream side of the pressure adjusting valve 56 in the gas flow path 55. Thereby, even if the liquid component is included in the gas component flowing through the gas flow channel 55, the liquid component can be collected.

  Furthermore, the gas-liquid separator 43 is preferably provided so that the introduction path 51 introduces the processed fluid toward the lower side in the separator body 50 with respect to the separator body 50. Thereby, the liquid component of the introduced post-treatment fluid can be separated by gravity so that the liquid component drops downward and the gas component rises upward.

  Moreover, by providing the introduction path 51 in a spiral shape downward, the introduction path 51 can introduce the treated fluid along the inner wall surface in the separator body 50 when introducing the treated fluid. It is possible to avoid the bubbles made of the gas called tar and scum contained in the fluid after treatment from being scattered in the form of splashes.

  Further, the gas-liquid separator 43 communicates with the discharge port 57, and a discharge path 58 having two gate valves 43a and 43b as a mechanism for discharging the liquid component by preventing the discharge of the gas component in the separator body 50. May be provided. Thereby, even if it is a case where the inside of separator main part 50 is pressure higher than atmospheric pressure (for example, 0.3-0.5MPa), without missing internal pressure and a gas component (product gas). The liquid component can be discharged efficiently.

  Although not shown in the present embodiment, the gasification system 10 may be provided with a power generation device that generates power by using the generated gas (fuel gas) stored in the gas tank 44 as fuel. . In this case, as the power generation device, for example, existing devices such as a gas engine (reciprocating engine, rotary engine), a steam turbine, a Stirling engine, and a fuel cell can be widely applied. And by using the fuel gas obtained by this gasification system 10 and generating electricity with a gas engine, electric power and exhaust heat can be obtained, so resource saving of fossil fuels such as coal and oil is achieved. be able to.

  In addition, since the gasification system 10 is provided with a pretreatment device (not shown) for hydrothermally treating hydrous biomass in advance, the biomass can be decomposed from a polymer to a low molecule. The contact efficiency between the biomass to be treated and water or a non-metallic catalyst can be increased, generation of tar and scum can be further suppressed, and fuel gas can be efficiently generated from biomass.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Gasification system, 20 ... Raw material preparation part, 21 ... Preparation tank, 22 ... Crusher, 23 ... Supply pump, 24 ... Heat exchanger introduction pump, 30 ... Heat treatment part, 31 ... Heat exchanger, 32 ... Heater 32a ... Combustion device, 33 ... Gasification reactor, 33a ... Combustion device, 36 ... Low-temperature channel, 37 ... High-temperature channel, 40 ... Gas processing unit, 41 ... Decompression mechanism, 42 ... Cooling mechanism, 43 ... Gas-liquid Separator, 43a ... Gate valve, 43b ... Gate valve, 44 ... Gas tank, 50 ... Separator main body, 51 ... Introduction path, 52a ... First demister, 52b ... Second demister, 53 ... Cleaning nozzle, 54 ... Gas Extraction port, 55 ... gas flow path, 56 ... pressure regulating valve, 57 ... discharge port, 58 ... discharge path, 59 ... baffle plate (scattering prevention part), 60 ... gas filter

Claims (7)

A gas-liquid separator for gravity-separating a mixed fluid including a gas component and a liquid component containing at least one of a solid and a viscous fluid,
A separator body;
An introduction path for introducing the mixed fluid into the separator body;
Arranged above the introduction path in the separator body so as to divide the separator body vertically, allowing the passage of the gas component and blocking the passage of the liquid component in the mixed fluid. A first demister to
A cleaning nozzle disposed above the first demister and injecting a cleaning fluid toward the first demister;
A gas outlet provided above the washing nozzle and for extracting the gas component from the separator body;
A pressure adjusting mechanism that is provided after the gas outlet and maintains the pressure in the separator within a certain range;
A discharge port for discharging the liquid component separated by gravity, which stays in the lower part of the separator body;
The liquid component, which is provided between the first demister and the cleaning nozzle and is collected in the first demister by the splash of the cleaning fluid ejected from the cleaning nozzle, is contained in the separator body. A splash prevention part for preventing splashing upward,
A gas-liquid separator comprising: A second demister that is provided in the vicinity of the gas outlet and for preventing the spray of the cleaning fluid and the liquid component that is scattered due to the fluid from flowing from the gas outlet to the gas outlet and beyond. The gas-liquid separator according to claim 1, further comprising: A gas filter provided on the upstream side of the pressure adjusting mechanism after the gas outlet and for collecting the liquid component that may be included in the gas component flowing after the gas outlet; The gas-liquid separator according to claim 1 or 2 . The relative introduction path the separator main body, wherein the fluid mixture to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that is provided so as to introduce downward of the separator body Gas-liquid separator. The gas-liquid separator according to claim 4 , wherein the introduction path is provided in a spiral shape toward the lower side. The gas-liquid separation according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , further comprising a discharge path that communicates with the discharge port and has a mechanism for preventing discharge of a gas component in the separator. vessel. The gas-liquid separator according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , comprising:
A supercritical water gasification system characterized in that a slurry produced by preparing biomass is decomposed in a supercritical state.

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