JP6161580B2 - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池車両 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池車両 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 127
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/04873—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04641—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of the individual fuel cell
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04932—Power, energy, capacity or load of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
図1は、この実施形態に係る燃料電池車両10(以下、「FC車両10」ともいう。)の概略全体構成図であり、当該FC車両10に燃料電池システム12(以下、「FCシステム12」ともいう。)が適用される。
図3は、FCユニット18の概略構成図である。
図1及び図2に戻り、FC44が発電した電力(以下、FC発電電力Pfcともいう。Pfc=Vfc×Ifc、Ifc:FC発電電流)は、電圧調整装置としてのFCVCU22によってFC発電電圧Vfcが昇圧されるか、又は、FCVCU22が直結状態とされることにより、負荷32としてのINV16及びモータ14に供給される(力行時)。
次に、この実施形態に係るFC車両10及びFCシステム12の特徴的な機能(構成)について説明する。
この実施形態に係るFC車両10及びFCシステム12は、以上のように構成される。
この実施形態に係るFC車両10及びFCシステム12によれば、ECU26は、FCVCU22を直結状態にする前に、実含水率を増加させる。すなわち、この実施形態では、FCVCU22が直結状態になる直前に、実含水率を予め嵩上げして、通常運転時の実含水率よりも高くした後に、FCVCU22を直結状態にする。
14…モータ 16…INV
18…FCユニット 20…BAT
22…FCVCU 22b、24b、24d…スイッチング素子
24…BATVCU 26…ECU
32…負荷 34…エアポンプ
34a、34b、36a、36b、58a、60a、60b、62a、62b、64a、64b、66a、66b、70a、70b、74a、74b…配管
36…EGRポンプ 38…ウォータポンプ
44…FC 46…アノード系
48…カソード系 50…冷却系
54…アノード流路 56…カソード流路
70…加湿器 72…再循環機構
84…ラジエータファン 92…特性
96、100…電圧センサ 98、102…電流センサ
112…目標電圧設定部 114…交流信号生成部
116…指令信号生成部 118…直結要求判定部
120…目標含水率設定部 122…インピーダンス算出部
124…実含水率推定部 126…含水率判定部
128…含水率検知部
Claims (6)
- 燃料電池と、
負荷と、
前記燃料電池の出力電圧を調整して前記負荷に印加する電圧調整装置と、
前記電圧調整装置を制御する制御装置と、
前記燃料電池内の実含水率を検知する含水率検知部と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記出力電圧の目標値に交流信号を重畳した指令信号を前記電圧調整装置に出力することにより前記電圧調整装置を制御し、
前記含水率検知部は、前記出力電圧に含まれる交流信号成分を検出し、検出した前記交流信号成分に基づいて前記実含水率を検知する燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御装置は、前記電圧調整装置を直結状態にする前に、前記実含水率が所定の目標含水率に増加するまで前記電圧調整装置による前記出力電圧の調整動作を継続させ、その後、前記電圧調整装置を前記直結状態にする
ことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記制御装置により制御され、前記燃料電池に反応ガスを供給するガス供給装置をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記燃料電池に対する前記反応ガスの供給圧力若しくは供給量を増加させるか、前記燃料電池の発電量を増加させるか、前記反応ガスの加湿量を増加させるか、又は、前記燃料電池を冷却する冷媒の温度を低下させることにより、前記実含水率及び前記出力電圧を増加させる
ことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1又は2記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記ガス供給装置は、前記燃料電池のアノードに対して燃料ガスを給排する燃料ガス供給装置と、前記燃料電池のカソードに対して酸化剤ガスを給排する酸化剤ガス供給装置とであり、
前記制御装置は、前記酸化剤ガス供給装置を制御して前記カソードに対する前記酸化剤ガスの供給圧力又は前記供給量を増加させることにより、前記実含水率及び前記出力電圧を増加させる
ことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記酸化剤ガス供給装置は、
前記カソードに供給用酸化剤ガスを供給するための供給配管と、
前記カソードからの排出用酸化剤ガスを外部に排出するための排出配管と、
前記供給配管に設けられ、前記供給用酸化剤ガスを前記カソードに送り込むポンプと、
前記カソードと前記ポンプとの間に設けられ、前記供給用酸化剤ガスを加湿する加湿器と、
前記カソードと前記加湿器との間に設けられ、前記供給配管における前記加湿器の下流側に前記排出用酸化剤ガスの一部を供給する再循環機構と、
を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記ポンプを制御することにより前記供給用酸化剤ガスの供給圧力又は供給量を増加させ、一方で、前記再循環機構を制御することにより前記供給配管に供給される前記排出用酸化剤ガスの供給量を調整する
ことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記含水率検知部は、
前記燃料電池の出力電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、
前記燃料電池の出力電流を検出する電流検出部と、
前記出力電圧及び前記出力電流を用いて前記燃料電池のインピーダンスを算出するインピーダンス算出部と、
前記インピーダンスに応じた前記実含水率を推定する実含水率推定部と、
を有し、
前記インピーダンス算出部及び前記実含水率推定部は、前記制御装置内に設けられる
ことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムの前記負荷に、車両の駆動モータが含まれることを特徴とする燃料電池車両。
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JP2014133807A JP6161580B2 (ja) | 2014-06-30 | 2014-06-30 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池車両 |
US14/723,460 US20150380755A1 (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2015-05-28 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle |
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JP2016122625A (ja) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-07-07 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの制御方法及び燃料電池自動車 |
JP6258378B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-01-10 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
KR101795245B1 (ko) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-11-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 스택의 제어 장치 및 그 방법 |
JP6399053B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-10-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
FR3067860B1 (fr) * | 2017-06-15 | 2021-04-16 | Airbus Group Sas | Systeme de charge d'au moins une batterie d'accumulateurs d'un vehicule et procede de gestion de recharge de ladite au moins une batterie |
JP2020141546A (ja) | 2019-03-01 | 2020-09-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 電源システム及び電源システムの制御方法 |
JP7065064B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-02 | 2022-05-11 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの起動方法 |
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WO2004079269A2 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-16 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Ambient pressure fuel cell system employing partial air humidification |
JP4624272B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-03 | 2011-02-02 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池車両の制御方法および燃料電池車両 |
JP2008282767A (ja) * | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP5282881B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-16 | 2013-09-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
WO2010143250A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
WO2011004485A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの運転方法 |
JP5456723B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-20 | 2014-04-02 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び該システム搭載車両 |
JP5622693B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-09 | 2014-11-12 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
WO2013042200A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | インピーダンス測定装置 |
JP2013208001A (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-07 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池車両 |
JP5796680B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-15 | 2015-10-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2014007097A (ja) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-01-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
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