JP6151257B2 - 肺内感染症の治療方法 - Google Patents
肺内感染症の治療方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6151257B2 JP6151257B2 JP2014529902A JP2014529902A JP6151257B2 JP 6151257 B2 JP6151257 B2 JP 6151257B2 JP 2014529902 A JP2014529902 A JP 2014529902A JP 2014529902 A JP2014529902 A JP 2014529902A JP 6151257 B2 JP6151257 B2 JP 6151257B2
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Classifications
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- A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
- A61K31/542—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/545—Compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins, cefaclor, or cephalexine
- A61K31/546—Compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins, cefaclor, or cephalexine containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. cephalothin
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/429—Thiazoles condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/43—Compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula, e.g. penicillins, penems
- A61K31/431—Compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula, e.g. penicillins, penems containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. ticarcillin, azlocillin, oxacillin
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- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
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- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
本出願は、発明の名称が「肺内感染症の治療方法(Methods for Treating Intrapulmonary Infections)」である2011年9月9日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/532,914号、及び発明の名称が「肺内感染症の治療方法(Methods for Treating Intrapulmonary Infections)」である2012年6月8日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/657,386号に基づく優先権を主張するものである。本明細書の全体を通じて引用されるすべての特許、特許出願、及び参照文献の内容をそれらの全容にわたって参照により本明細書に援用するものである。
本開示は、セファロスポリンによる院内肺炎感染症の治療を含む、肺内細菌感染症の治療に関する。
血漿及びBALのデータポイントを使用し、各時点における平均濃度を用いてELF中の1つの濃度−時間プロファイルを作成した。投与後、1つのELF試料を、5つの予定された時点(5名の被験者/時点/処理群)の1つにおいてそれぞれの健康な志願者から、気管支肺胞洗浄(BAL)により得た。複数回投与時のELF:血漿濃度を求めた。一連の血漿試料を、6時間(ピペラシリン/タゾバクタム)又は8時間(CXA−201)にわたって処置前及び処置後に採取した。血漿及びBAL中の尿素濃度を用いてELF薬物濃度を計算した(表1を参照)。ELFの薬物動態パラメータを、各時点における平均濃度を用いてノンコンパートメント解析により計算した。ELF中へのCXA−201の肺内浸透率を、ELF AUC0−tを平均血漿AUC0−tで除することによって求めた。
CXA−201(CXA/T)=[CXA/T]BAL×VBAL/VELF
[CXA/T]BALは、BAL液中のCXA−201の濃度であり、VBALは、吸引されたBAL液の体積(全体)であり、VELFは、VBAL×[尿素]BAL/[尿素]血漿であり、ただし、[尿素]BALは、BAL液(上清)中の尿素の濃度であり、[尿素]血漿は、血漿試料中の尿素の濃度である。
[PIP/T]BALは、BAL液中のピペラシリン/タゾバクタムの濃度であり、VBALは、吸引されたBAL液の体積(全体)であり、VELFは、VBAL×[尿素]BAL/[尿素]血漿であり、ただし、[尿素]BALは、BAL液(上清)中の尿素の濃度であり、[尿素]血漿は、血漿試料中の尿素の濃度である。
・C最大(μg/mL):内挿を行わずに実験の血漿濃度−時間データから直接得られた、試料採取フェーズ全体にわたる最大血漿濃度及び最大ELF濃度。
・T最大(時間):内挿を行わずに実験の血漿及びELF濃度−時間データから直接得られた、Cmaxが生じた試料採取時間。
・C最終(μg/mL):点滴の終了に対して、最後の定量可能濃度が観察された時点の血漿又はELF濃度。
・T最終(時間):最後の定量可能濃度が観察された時間。
・AUC0−t(μg*hr/mL):投与の時点から投与間隔の終了までの濃度−時間曲線下面積。
・ELF中への浸透率(%):AUC0−tELFと平均AUC0−t血漿との比として計算される値。
被験者中、51名の内の50名(98%)の被験者に、3回の試験薬剤をすべて投与し、BAL法を行った。1名の被験者は、初回の投与の際に過敏症の有害事象(AE)を発症したことから、ピペラシリン/タゾバクタムの投与を途中で中断し、試験への参加を終了させた。個体群統計及びベースライン特性を表3にまとめる。2つの治療群はよく平衡がとれていた。
臨床試験データに基づいてモンテカルロシミュレーションを行い、集団PK/PD解析用のデータ処理及びモデリングを行うツールであるPHOENIX(登録商標)NLME(ファーサイト(PHARSIGHT)社(登録商標)、カリフォルニア州マウンテンビュー)ソフトウェアを使用して院内肺炎を治療するために有効なCXA−201の用量を予測した。集団薬物動態(PK)モデルを、複雑性腹腔内感染症の患者において以前に行われた第II相試験で得られたCXA−201の血漿濃度−時間のデータを用いて開発した。これらの解析から、クリアランス及び分配量、並びにこれらに関連する個人間の変動の推定値を求めた。PK集団モデルから得られた出力値を、相互作用薬物モデルを定義及び試験し、試験設計の属性を探索及び伝達し、グラフィック及び統計学的なサマリーによって統計学的及び感度分析を行うツールである、PHARSIGHT(登録商標)Trial Simulator(ファーサイト(PHARSIGHT)社(登録商標))ソフトウェアを使用した臨床試験シミュレーションの入力値として使用した。平均のELF浸透データに基づき、上記に述べたセフトロザンELF試験で計算したセフトロザンのELF/血漿AUC比0.48(0.25〜0.65の数値範囲としてモデリングしたもの)を用いて、シミュレートした各患者について、0.25〜0.65の範囲よりランダム/血漿AUC比を得た。この範囲は、患者集団における潜在的な分配の控えめな推定値を反映している。PK集団モデルの結果及びELF/血漿AUC比を用い、このモデルにより、院内肺炎を有する1,000名の仮想臨床試験患者について、CXA−201の血漿及びELF濃度−時間プロファイルをシミュレートした。このモデルにより、院内肺炎の3つの主要な病原体に対して3.0g用量のCXA−201を8時間毎(q8h)に投与することについての臨床的成功の確率を評価した。これらの病原体のMIC分布には、2008年の米国での調査データを利用した。臨床的成功は、与えられた患者の下気道病原体のMICよりも高いセフトロザンのELF又は血漿濃度の達成として定義した。in vivoモデルにおいて、典型的なセファロスポリンの場合と同様、CXA−201の関連PK/PD駆動パラメータは、投与間隔の間でMICを上回る時間の割合(%)であることが示されている。その目的は、各q8H投与間の時間のうち45〜50%で病原体のMICを上回る濃度を達成することにある。このため、治療の7日目において最小発育阻止濃度を上回る時間[T>MIC]が50%という閾値を用いた。血漿及びELF濃度は、8時間毎に投与した場合の7日目に、投与後の15の時点で推定した。これらのシミュレーションの結果を表5に示す。
CXA−201は、セフトロザンとタゾバクタムを2:1の重量比で組み合わせることによって調製することができる。CXA−201は、本明細書にその全容を参照により援用するところの米国特許第7,129,232号及びトダ(Toda)らにより述べられる方法を用いて得ることができる(Toda et al.,「Synthesis and SAR of novel parenteral anti−pseudomonal cephalosporins:Discovery of FR264205,」Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry Letters & 18,4849〜4852(2008))。
CXA−201又は他の化合物の抗菌活性は、下記に述べるような改変を行った臨床・検査標準協会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute)(CLSI)のガイドラインにしたがって行った微量液体希釈法を用いることにより測定される、各種細菌に対する化合物の最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)により測定することができる(CLSIガイドラインは、2009年1月に刊行されたCLSI文献M7−A8号:Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically;Approved Standard−Eighth Editionより得ることができる)。
Claims (8)
- 2gのセフトロザン及び1gのタゾバクタムを含み、約8時間毎に1回静脈内投与される、ヒトの肺炎を治療するための医薬製剤であって、前記肺炎が、緑膿菌(P. aeruginosa)、大腸菌(E. coli)、及び肺炎桿菌(K. peumoniae)から選択される病原体によって引き起こされるものである、医薬製剤。
- 2gのセフトロザンと1gのタゾバクタムとを別々に含む複合製剤であり、約8時間毎に1回静脈内投与される、ヒトの肺炎を治療するための医薬製剤であって、前記肺炎が、緑膿菌(P. aeruginosa)、大腸菌(E. coli)、及び肺炎桿菌(K. peumoniae)から選択される病原体によって引き起こされるものである、医薬製剤。
- 前記セフトロザンが遊離塩基の形態である、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬製剤。
- 前記セフトロザンが塩の形態である、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬製剤。
- 前記セフトロザンの塩がセフトロザン硫酸水素塩である、請求項4に記載の医薬製剤。
- 前記肺炎が院内肺炎である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬製剤。
- 前記院内肺炎が院内感染性肺炎である、請求項6に記載の医薬製剤。
- 前記肺炎が人工呼吸器関連肺炎である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の医薬製剤。
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US201161532914P | 2011-09-09 | 2011-09-09 | |
US61/532,914 | 2011-09-09 | ||
US201261657386P | 2012-06-08 | 2012-06-08 | |
US61/657,386 | 2012-06-08 | ||
PCT/US2012/054191 WO2013036783A2 (en) | 2011-09-09 | 2012-09-07 | Methods for treating intrapulmonary infections |
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2012
- 2012-09-07 JP JP2014529902A patent/JP6151257B2/ja active Active
- 2012-09-07 EA EA201490590A patent/EA028342B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-09-07 EP EP12830073.8A patent/EP2753326A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-09-07 US US13/607,138 patent/US20130065874A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-07 EP EP19203616.8A patent/EP3616695B1/en active Active
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- 2012-09-07 MX MX2014002758A patent/MX352760B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-09-07 CA CA2848012A patent/CA2848012A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-07 CN CN201280050039.3A patent/CN103945842A/zh active Pending
- 2012-09-07 EP EP20140199818 patent/EP2862569A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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CA2848012A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
EP3616695A1 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
MX352760B (es) | 2017-12-07 |
JP2014526468A (ja) | 2014-10-06 |
WO2013036783A2 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
US20150080360A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
CN103945842A (zh) | 2014-07-23 |
EP2753326A2 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
US9724353B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
EA028342B1 (ru) | 2017-11-30 |
US20150045338A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
EP2862569A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
US20180064724A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
US10028963B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
HK1200096A1 (en) | 2015-07-31 |
EP3616695B1 (en) | 2024-10-23 |
US20180296567A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
WO2013036783A3 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
US20130065874A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
EP2753326A4 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
EA201490590A1 (ru) | 2015-04-30 |
MX2014002758A (es) | 2014-10-17 |
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