JP6059022B2 - Solid fuel production system and solid fuel production method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention effectively uses waste such as discarded wood, paper, and synthetic resin material, and has a stable and large calorific value, particularly a solid fuel manufacturing system suitable for power generation fuel and a solid The present invention relates to a fuel manufacturing method.

Along with the modernization of life, a large amount of wastes such as wood scraps, paper scraps and synthetic resin materials are generated from household life, production factories and processing factories, and their disposal has become a social problem. Most of these wastes are collected and incinerated or buried in the soil. However, after the collection of these wastes, the rate of reuse for daily necessities or use for energy sources is gradually increasing, but it is still not sufficient.
In particular, waste and thinned wood from old houses, some of the waste paper, etc. required a large amount of money for collection and sorting, and were difficult to reuse and were incinerated. On the other hand, with regard to waste synthetic resin materials, PET bottles are partially collected and reused mainly by local governments, but other synthetic resin materials have many types and shapes of resins, and the cost of collection and sorting is excessive. In reality, most of the waste has been incinerated without being reused. Recently, however, a technique has been disclosed in which municipal waste containing synthetic resin material is reused as solid fuel.

  The solid (solid) fueling plant of Patent Document 1 below is a crusher that sorts combustible materials from municipal waste and crushes combustible waste, or light weight crushing materials such as paper or synthetic resin materials and weight of metals, etc. A sorter that sorts crushed material into small moisture particles such as leftovers, a wind sorter that sorts heavy crushed material into combustible crushed material and dust after crushing it with a crusher, and heats light weight crushed material with hot air. Dryers to remove, dryers to remove moisture from combustible crushed materials and small particles with hot hot air, devices to compress dried light crushed materials, combustible crushed materials and small particles and solidify them into solid fuel, etc. It is disclosed.

JP 2002-210448 A

However, the conventional solid fuel plant such as Patent Document 1 sorts combustible materials such as household waste, paper, clothing, and synthetic resin materials from municipal waste, and sorts combustible materials from coarse waste such as furniture and electrical appliances. These selected combustible materials are unconditionally mixed and a solid fuel is molded by a solid fuel compression molding machine.
There is a wide variety of municipal and oversized garbage, and there is a difference in the combustibles collected depending on the day and time, so the quality of the calorific value of solid (solid) fuel cannot be kept constant, Large solid fuels may not be produced.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel production system and a solid fuel production method capable of stably producing a solid fuel having a large calorific value while keeping the quality of the solid fuel constant.

To achieve the above object, the solid fuel production system of the present invention, paper is sorted from the waste, the first crusher for crushing wood to a predetermined size, pre-Symbol Crushing papers, wood A first quantitative feeder capable of supplying a predetermined amount; a second crusher for crushing a synthetic resin selected from waste into a predetermined size; and a second capable of supplying a predetermined amount of the crushed synthetic resin . A metering unit for controlling to discharge the paper and wood discharged from the first metering feeder and the synthetic resin ejected from the second metering feeder at a predetermined ratio by weight; A solid fuel compression molding machine that mixes, heats, melts and compresses paper, wood, and synthetic resin supplied from the first quantitative feeder and the second quantitative feeder, and forms the solid fuel, and the first quantitative feeder When a controller for controlling the supply amount of the second metering feeder, the said first crusher 2 A dust collector using a back filter connected to the downstream side of the crusher and collecting dust components, a HEPA filter device connected to the downstream side of the dust collector via a duct, and the HEPA filter device And a mist separator connected to the downstream side of the solid fuel compression molding machine for separating and removing mist, a dust collecting / deodorizing fan connected to the downstream side of the mist separate and for sucking exhaust gas, and A deodorizing device connected to the downstream side of the dust collecting / deodorizing fan and deodorizing the odor component contained in the gas component of the blown gas, and the soot material squeezed the oil component from the plant containing the oil and fat component, Alternatively, a dehydrator for dehydrating plant raw material made of the waste material of the plant, a crusher for crushing the plant raw material to a predetermined amount, a dryer for drying the raw material, and dehydration A predetermined amount of the dried said plant material a metering feeder for supplying available plant material, to the mixture are amounts from the first metering feeder and a second metering feeder, volumetric feeding for the plant material The plant raw material discharged by the machine was added, and these mixtures were compression molded by the solid fuel compression molding machine .
The solid fuel production system further includes a post-molding quantitative supply conveyor provided on the downstream side of the solid fuel compression molding machine, and a product transporting conveyor disposed on the downstream side of the post-molding quantitative supply conveyor. These post-molding quantitative supply conveyors and product conveyance conveyors are connected to the mist separators through ducts.
In the solid fuel production system, a pair of the solid fuel compression molding machines may be provided, and the diameters of the nozzle tip portions of these solid fuel compression molding machines may be different.
In the above fixed fuel production system, the plant raw material is palm coconut shell and palm cocoon empty bunch, and the quantitative feeder for the plant raw material is a quantitative feeder for palm coconut shell raw material supplied with palm coconut shell raw material And it is preferable that it is a fixed quantity feeder for palm cocoon empty batter raw materials supplied with palm cocoon empty batter raw materials.

  The solid fuel production system of the present invention includes: a first crusher that crushes paper and wood selected from waste into a predetermined size; a dryer that dries the paper and wood; and crushed and dried paper and wood A first fixed amount feeder capable of supplying a predetermined amount of the second, a second crusher for crushing the synthetic resin selected from the waste into a predetermined size, and a second capable of supplying a predetermined amount of the crushed combustible material. Since the fixed quantity feeder is provided, different types of raw materials can be supplied to the compression molding machine at a predetermined ratio, and the produced solid fuel can maintain a constant quality and a constant amount of heat.

It is a flowchart of the 1st raw material selection equipment (the 2nd raw material selection equipment is the same) of the solid fuel manufacturing system in the 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart from the fixed supply machine of the 1st raw material selection equipment of a solid fuel manufacturing system to the shipment of the 1st solid fuel fabrication equipment (the 2nd solid fuel fabrication equipment is the same) in the 1st embodiment of the present invention. . It is the schematic of the dust collection and deodorizing equipment in embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows a part of raw material selection equipment in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a simplified whole view of the solid fuel manufacturing system in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart of the PKS raw material selection equipment in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart of the EFB raw material selection equipment in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a simplification figure showing the relation between each sort equipment of a solid fuel manufacture system in a 3rd embodiment of the present invention, and solid fuel fabrication equipment. It is a flowchart of the solid fuel manufacturing system using the paper in the 4th Embodiment of this invention, wood, and a plant raw material.

Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a solid fuel production system and a solid fuel production method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
With reference to FIG.1 and FIG.2, in this embodiment, the solid fuel manufacturing system 1 is the 1st raw material selection equipment A which sorts a predetermined raw material from wastes, such as a city garbage and an industrial waste, and this And a solid fuel molding facility E for compressing and molding the raw material selected by the first raw material sorting facility A to produce a solid fuel.
Among these, the first raw material sorting equipment A produces a solid fuel raw material by sorting combustibles made of paper and wood and synthetic resin such as synthetic resin material from raw materials such as municipal waste as raw materials.

Hereinafter, the solid fuel production system will be described along the flow until the solid fuel can be produced from the raw material.
The solid fuel production system 1 is provided with a pit (raw material) 6 into which the raw material is charged. In the pit 6, the raw material recovered by a recovery means such as a recovery vehicle is introduced into the pit 6. The pit 6 is provided with an excavator, a crane (not shown), and the like, and the raw material is transferred to the rough sorting unit 7 via a supply conveyor (not shown). The coarse sorting unit 7 is equipped with a trommel sorter, a magnetic separator, and a specific gravity sorter. The trommel sorter sorts fine objects such as sand and granular materials through a mesh, and the magnetic sorter sorts iron. In the specific gravity sorter, heavy materials such as pebbles and metals are sorted, and after the non-raw materials 13 such as sand, pebbles, gypsum board, seto, glass, iron and nonferrous metals are sorted and removed, It is disposed of as waste 21 and necessary resources are reused by another route.
Note that some pebbles and metals that could not be removed in the raw materials such as paper, wood, and synthetic resin materials selected by the coarse sorting unit 7 are still on the sorted paper, wood, and synthetic resin materials. Included in raw materials.
Sorted paper, wood, synthetic resin materials, etc. are further sorted out from the remaining non-raw materials.

The sorted paper and wood are transferred and supplied to the biaxial crusher 11 by a conveyor.
In addition, when paper, wood, and synthetic resin materials are disposed of in large quantities individually as industrial waste, raw materials are directly input to the biaxial crusher 11 without performing rough sorting in the coarse sorting unit. be able to. Further, all of the paper, wood, and synthetic resin material may be selected by manual selection.
The biaxial crusher 11 has a rotary blade on the main shaft side and a rotary blade on the dependent shaft side, and crushes the raw material when the raw material passes between them. The biaxial crusher 11 can roughly crush raw materials in large quantities, and can be used as a volume reduction process for large-sized objects or as a pre-process when it is desired to make it finer.
Thus, the biaxial crusher 11 roughly crushes paper and wood. In addition, the mixed member such as metal remaining in the paper and wood that could not be sorted by the coarse sorting unit 7 is crushed.

Paper and wood crushed by the biaxial crusher 11 are transferred to the dryer 15 by a conveyor and supplied. In the dryer 15, moisture contained in the paper and wood is evaporated by the warm air heated by the warm air boiler 14 and the paper and wood are dried. As a fuel for the hot air boiler 14, green coal manufactured by this system can be used.
The dried paper and wood are transferred to the air sorter 22 by a conveyor. The air sorter 22 flows air from below to above, and the paper and wood that are supplied from the inlet and reduced in weight by drying are blown upward by the wind pressure and discharged from the upper outlet. On the other hand, other heavy objects 25 such as stone and metal mixed together with paper, wood and the like fall downward due to gravity action against the wind pressure and are discharged from the lower outlet. The heavy material discharged from the lower discharge port is sorted into metal and nonmetal in the magnetic separation process 41, and the resource waste is reused.

Paper and wood discharged from the upper discharge port are transferred to the magnetic separator 24 by a conveyor. The magnetic separator 24 uses a permanent magnet or an electromagnet to attract and adsorb a magnetic material such as iron from a raw material by a magnetic force. In addition, the magnetic separator 24 is also provided with a non-ferrous metal removing device for removing non-ferrous metals such as aluminum. The non-ferrous metal removing device generates eddy current by electromagnetic induction. It is removed by receiving a strong AC magnetic field (the same applies to the magnetic separators 26, 33, and 34 on the downstream side).
In the magnetic separator 24, metals such as iron separated from paper, wood and the like during crushing by the above-described biaxial crusher 11 are removed from the raw material. The removed metal is collected and reused.
The remaining raw materials such as paper and wood are transferred to the uniaxial crusher 31 by a conveyor.

The uniaxial crusher 31 crushes the raw material little by little while pressing the object against the rotary blade. A screen (mesh) is provided at the discharge port of the uniaxial crusher 31, and the material is continuously crushed until it becomes smaller than the mesh size of the screen. And if a raw material becomes smaller than a screen, it will be discharged | emitted from the uniaxial crusher 31 through a mesh. The approximate size of the raw material can be adjusted according to the size of the screen mesh. In this embodiment, if it crushes to about 1-25 mm, it will be discharged | emitted from the uniaxial crusher 31. FIG.
The raw material discharged from the uniaxial crusher 31 is transferred to the magnetic separator 33 by a conveyor.

In the uniaxial crusher 31, when the raw material is scraped off, the residual metal component that has still adhered and mixed is peeled off. In the magnetic separator 33, magnetic materials such as iron and non-ferrous metals such as aluminum separated by the uniaxial crusher 31 are removed from the raw material.
The raw material from which the magnetic material such as iron has been removed is transferred to the first fixed amount feeder 40.
In the first metering feeder 40, a mixture of paper and wood having a constant weight (dry weight) can be supplied to the compression molding machine in the next process at a predetermined time.

  On the other hand, the synthetic resin material selected by the coarse selection unit is supplied to the biaxial crusher 12 by a conveyor. The biaxial crusher 12 can use the same biaxial crusher as the biaxial crusher 11 used for crushing the paper and wood described above. The biaxial crusher 12 can coarsely crush synthetic resin raw materials in large quantities, and is used as a volume reduction process for large objects and a pretreatment for further miniaturization. In the biaxial crusher 12, a mixed member such as a metal that could not be sorted by the coarse sorting unit 7 in the previous process is also crushed together with the synthetic resin material.

  The synthetic resin material roughly crushed by the biaxial crusher 12 is washed and then transferred to the dryer 17 by a conveyor and supplied. The dryer 17 can be the same as the dryer 15 used for drying paper and wood. The dried synthetic resin material is transferred to the air sorter 23 by a conveyor. The air sorter 23 flows air from below to above, the raw material is supplied from the inlet, and the relatively lightweight synthetic resin material is blown upward by the wind pressure and discharged from the upper outlet. On the other hand, heavy objects such as stones and metals contained together with the synthetic resin material are discharged from the lower discharge port by gravity action against the wind pressure. The other heavy objects 27 discharged from the lower discharge port are sorted into metal and nonmetal in the magnetic separation process 43, and the resource waste is reused.

The synthetic resin material discharged from the upper discharge port is transferred to the magnetic separator 26. The magnetic separator 26 attracts and adsorbs a magnetic material such as iron from a raw material by a magnetic force using a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, and uses the magnetic material such as iron separated from a synthetic resin material at the time of crushing by the biaxial crusher 12 as a raw material. Remove from. The removed iron and non-ferrous metals are collected and reused.
The remaining synthetic resin raw material is transferred to the uniaxial crusher 32 by a conveyor.
In the single-shaft crusher 32, the raw material can be crushed so as to scrape the raw material little by little by pressing the object against the rotary blade, and the raw material can be adjusted to an approximate size. In this embodiment, if it crushes to about 1-25 mm, it will be discharged | emitted from the uniaxial crusher 32. FIG.
The raw material discharged from the uniaxial crusher 32 is transferred to the magnetic separator 33 by a conveyor.

In the uniaxial crusher 32, when scraping the raw material, the residual metal component adhering to and mixed in the synthetic resin material is peeled off and separated from the synthetic resin material. These separated residual metal components are removed from the synthetic resin material in the magnetic separator 34 in the next step.
The raw material from which the metal such as iron or aluminum is removed is supplied to the sorter 25. The sorter 35 removes vinyl chloride from which dioxins are generated during incineration from a synthetic resin material or the like. The sorter 35 sorts vinyl chloride and other synthetic resin material products by using a color sensor or the like with respect to the synthetic resin material conveyed by the conveyor, and when the color sensor senses vinyl chloride, for example, an air nozzle Jets air, and air pressure can remove vinyl chloride from the line.

When the vinyl chloride is removed by the sorter 35, the synthetic resin material is transferred to the second metering feeder 42. The second constant amount feeder 42 can supply a constant weight of the synthetic resin material to the compression molding machine of the next process at a predetermined time. The controller 95 is controlled to supply the solid fuel molding equipment E with the paper and wood of the first metering feeder 40 and the synthetic resin material of the second metering feeder 42 at a predetermined ratio by weight. In this embodiment, the controller 95 provides 5 to 15 parts by weight of synthetic resin to 85 to 95 parts by weight of the total weight of the wood pieces and paper pieces, and preferably 87 to 93 parts by weight of the total weight of the wood pieces and paper pieces. 7 to 13 parts by weight of synthetic resin.
As described above, the first raw material sorting facility A in the present embodiment includes the first fixed amount supply unit 40 that supplies the selected paper and wood in a fixed amount and the second fixed amount supply unit 42 that supplies the synthetic resin material in a fixed amount. ing. After these fixed-quantity feeders 40 and 42 discharge raw materials made of paper, wood, and synthetic resin material at a constant weight ratio, they are mixed in the same transport line and transported to the solid fuel molding facility E in the next process. The

As shown in FIG. 2, the solid fuel molding facility E includes two biaxial compression molding machines 44 and 45 in this embodiment.
In the compression molding machines 44 and 45, the mixture of the paper material piece, the wood piece, and the synthetic resin material piece supplied from the first raw material sorting equipment A is supplied separately to the compression molding machines 44 and 45. In the compression molding machines 44 and 45, the raw material supplied from the inlet is kneaded, pressurized and compressed by the rotation of the twin screw.
In the compression molding machine, the mixture is heated to, for example, 100 to 160 ° C., preferably 110 to 150 ° C., particularly preferably 120 to 140 ° C., and the synthetic resin material is melted and pressurized and compressed so as to be uniformly dispersed as a binder. It is preferable to do.
Thus, in this embodiment, the wood strip and the paper strip are mixed in advance, and the thermoplastic resin is mixed into the mixture of both. As the compression molding machine, a uniaxial or biaxial heat-extrusion type compression molding machine can be used, but biaxial is preferable.

A nozzle is provided at the tip of the compression molding machines 44 and 45, and the raw material is formed in a cylindrical shape when passing through the nozzle. After being discharged from the nozzle, the raw material is cut into a predetermined length by a cutter and then the green coal 46 Is continuously formed. The nozzle has a diameter of 25 to 50 mm, preferably 30 to 40 mm, and a cutting length of 20 to 70 mm, preferably 25 to 65 mm. .
In this way, when paper and wood are cut into pieces of a certain size, and a synthetic resin is mixed in them at a certain ratio and thermoformed, the synthetic resin becomes a binder and maintains a solid shape of a fixed shape. In addition, the fuel can generate a large amount of heat and generate little harmful gases and toxic residues, and can be used effectively for the combustion of solid fuel for power generation and boilers for hot springs.

Here, the dust collection / deodorization equipment of the solid fuel production system of the present application will be described.
As shown in FIG. 3, the dust collection / deodorization equipment 101 includes a dust collector 102, a HEPA filter device 103, a mist separator 104, a dust collection / deodorization fan 105, and a deodorization device 106.
The dust collector 102 is connected via an exhaust duct 107 provided in a biaxial crusher 11 for wood and paper processing (which may be provided in combination with the single-shaft crusher 31), and further biaxial crushing for synthetic resin. It is connected via an exhaust duct 108 provided in the machine 12 (which may be provided together with the single-shaft crusher 32).
In the present embodiment, the dust collector 102 uses a bag filter. The bag filter is a cylindrical cloth or non-woven fabric used as a filter medium. When the exhaust gas from the biaxial crushers 11 and 12 passes through the woven cloth installed in the bag filter, Dust components are deposited on the surface of the woven fabric to collect dust. Bag filters not only collect valuable resources mixed with raw materials, but also realize a clean manufacturing environment. Dust components in the exhaust gas are collected in the collection container 109 from the exhaust port of the dust collector 102.

A HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) device 103 is connected to the downstream side of the dust collector 102 via a duct 110. The HEPA filter device 103 is a high-performance filter used in a field where air purification is required more than the dust collector 102, and can highly purify exhaust gas such as air after passing through the filter.
A mist separator 104 is provided on the downstream side of the HEPA filter 103. The mist separator 104 includes exhaust gas sucked from the HEPA filter 103 described above, exhaust gas sucked through the duct 113 connected to the compression molding machines 44 and 45, and downstream of the compression molding machines 44 and 45. Exhaust gas sucked through a duct 114 connected to a post-molding quantitative supply conveyor 111 (see FIG. 2), and a product transport disposed further downstream of the post-molding quantitative supply conveyor 111 The exhaust gas sucked through the duct 115 (see FIG. 2) connected to the conveyor 112 is merged. In the mist separator 104, the gas body and the fine liquid (mist) are separated and removed, and the mist component is recovered in the recovery container 116.

A dust collecting / deodorizing fan 105 is disposed downstream of the mist separator 104. The dust collection / deodorization fan 105 sucks exhaust gas from each device passing through the duct described above. A deodorizing device 106 is disposed on the downstream side of the dust collecting / deodorizing fan 105. In the deodorizing device 106, odorous components contained in the gaseous components of the blown gas are deodorized, and clean exhaust gas is deodorized. 106 is discharged.
In the present embodiment, the dust collection / deodorization fan 105 can suck an exhaust gas capacity of about 150 m ³ / min. On the other hand, about 50 m ³ / min are sucked from the exhaust duct 107 provided in the biaxial crusher 11 for wood and paper processing and the exhaust duct 108 provided in the biaxial crusher 12 for synthetic resin, respectively, and the HEPA filter A total of 100 m ³ / min of exhaust gas flows through the duct 117 connected to the downstream side of the apparatus 103.

On the other hand, the duct 113 connected to the compression molding machines 44, 45, the duct 114 connected to the post-molding quantitative supply conveyor 111, and the duct 118 connected to the product transport conveyor 112 are combined with the duct 118. About 50 m ³ / min. Therefore, about 150 m ³ / min of exhaust gas flows through the duct 120 where the ducts 117 and 118 merge and all the exhaust gas merges. A differential pressure gauge 119 for balance adjustment is provided in the downstream duct 117 of the HEPA filter device 103, and the adjustment valve 121 is adjusted so that a predetermined amount of exhaust gas can flow through each duct 117, 118. Is possible.
Thus, the dust collection / deodorization equipment 101 of the present invention collects dust and off-flavors generated from the solid fuel production system 1 and discharges clean exhaust gas to the outside.

Returning to FIG. 2, the formed green coal 46 has a high temperature immediately after being discharged from the compression molding machines 44, 45, and therefore is subjected to a water cooling process 47 with cooling water while being conveyed or stocked at a certain place. The water cooling equipment for the water cooling process 47 is provided with a filtration device 51 to filter the wash water.
The water-cooled green coal 46 is stored in the storage yard 52. A watering facility 53 is provided in the storage yard 52 for cooling.
The green coal 46 stored in the storage yard 52 is quality-inspected by a fluorescent X-ray analyzer or a calorimeter and then shipped 54.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In the present embodiment, a paper / wood ratio adjusting means 100 is provided between the magnetic separator 33 and the quantitative feeder 40 of the first embodiment. The ratio adjusting unit 100 includes a paper / wood sorting unit 90. The paper / wood sorting unit 90 sorts paper and wood, and the sorted paper 91 is supplied to a paper quantitative feeder 93 and sorted. The timber 92 is supplied to a timber quantitative feeder 94. These fixed quantity feeders 93 and 94 are controlled by the controller 95 so as to supply paper and wood to the first constant quantity feeder 40 at a predetermined ratio by weight.

In this embodiment, the ratio of wood piece: paper piece is in the range of 20:80 to 90:10 by weight, preferably in the range of 25:75 to 85:15, particularly preferably in the range of 30:70 to 80:20. It is. By setting this range, solidification can be achieved by using a relatively small amount of resin, and the amount of heat generated by the fixed fuel can be stabilized.
Further, the controller 95 supplies the paper and wood of the first metering feeder 40 and the synthetic resin of the second metering feeder 42 to the solid fuel molding facility E (see FIG. 2) at a predetermined ratio by weight. It is controlled as follows. In this embodiment, it is 5 to 15 parts by weight of the synthetic resin with respect to 85 to 95 parts by weight of the total weight of the wood piece and the paper piece, and preferably 7 to 9 parts by weight of the synthetic resin with respect to the total weight of 87 to 93 parts by weight of the wood piece and the paper piece. 13 parts by weight.
A preferable synthetic resin as the solid fuel is a thermoplastic resin, and a resin having a melting point of 80 to 180 ° C., preferably 90 to 150 ° C. is suitable. Specific examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, polycarbonate, ABS, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, and rubber (the same applies to the first embodiment).
Thus, in this embodiment, by setting the blending ratio of paper, wood, and synthetic resin within a certain range, it is possible to produce a solid fuel that maintains a certain quality, and to increase the amount of heat as a solid fuel. The fuel can be kept constant and a stable fuel can be obtained.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Referring to FIG. 5, the solid fuel production system 1 of the present embodiment includes a first raw material sorting facility A, a second raw material sorting facility B, a PKS (Palme kernel Shell) raw material sorting facility C, and an EFB (Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber). ) A material sorting facility D, a first solid fuel molding facility E, and a second solid fuel molding facility F are provided.
Among these, the first raw material sorting equipment A and the second raw material sorting equipment B are the same as the first raw material sorting equipment A shown in FIG. 1, and the solid fuel forming equipment F is the solid fuel forming equipment shown in FIG. Since it is the same equipment as E, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
Referring to FIG. 6, PKS raw material sorting facility C uses palm palm shell (PKS) that is discarded in the process of producing palm oil as a raw material. The PKS high moisture raw material 61 is dehydrated by a dehydration process 62. The dehydrated PKS is conveyed to the uniaxial crusher 63 by a conveyor or the like. The dehydration process 62 may be omitted if the PKS raw material does not contain a large amount of moisture, and the PKS raw material may be directly supplied to the uniaxial crusher 63. From the PKS raw material crushed to a predetermined size by the uniaxial crusher 63, metals such as iron and aluminum are removed by the magnetic separator 64. The PKS raw material from which the metal such as iron or aluminum is removed is subjected to sieve drying 65, and after being sieve dried 65, is supplied to the quantitative feeders 81 and 82 by a conveyor or the like separated in two directions.
The uniaxial crusher 63, the magnetic separator 64, and the quantitative feeders 81 and 82 used in the PKS raw material sorting facility C can be the same as those in the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 7, EFB raw material sorting equipment D uses palm palm empty bunch (EFB) from which oil and fat components have been removed in the process of producing palm oil as a raw material. The EFB high-moisture raw material 71, which is the remaining residue from which palm oil has been squeezed, is dehydrated by a dehydration process 72. The dehydrated EFB is conveyed to the single-shaft crusher 73 by a conveyor or the like. The dehydration process 72 may be omitted when the EFB raw material does not contain a large amount of water, and the EFB raw material may be directly supplied to the uniaxial crusher 73. From the EFB raw material crushed to a predetermined size by the uniaxial crusher 73, the magnetic separator 74 removes metals such as iron and aluminum. The PKS raw material from which the metal such as iron or aluminum is removed is subjected to sieve drying 75, and after being sieve dried, is supplied to the quantitative feeders 83 and 84 by a conveyor or the like separated in two directions.
In addition, the same kind as the thing of the said 1st Embodiment can be used for the uniaxial crusher 73, the magnetic separator 74, and the fixed_quantity | feed_rate feeders 83 and 84 which are used with the EFB raw material selection equipment D.
In this example, in combination with paper, wood, and synthetic resin, it is effective to use cocoons (cocoons) and coconut shells that are squeezed from coconut that inhabits a large amount in nature and contains a large amount of oil and fat as raw materials for solid fuel. It is used for. The pomace or coconut shell may contain some oil and fat components and can be used as a solid fuel.

FIG. 8 shows the outlet (downstream) side of the first and raw material sorting equipment A, B, PKS and EFB raw material sorting equipment C, D and the inlet (upstream) side of the first and second solid fuel molding equipment E, F. Indicates the connected state. Referring to FIG. 8, the first and second raw material sorting equipments A and B sort paper, wood and synthetic resin material into crushed raw materials, crush the raw materials into appropriate sizes, (2) The raw material is supplied to the fixed amount feeder 40 (the procedure is the same as in the first embodiment).
On the other hand, after the PKS raw material is sorted by the PKS raw material sorting equipment C and the raw material is crushed to an appropriate size, the raw material is supplied to the third fixed quantity feeder 81 and the fourth fixed quantity feeder 82, and the EFB raw material sorting equipment D is used. After selecting the EFB raw material and crushing the raw material to an appropriate size, the raw material is supplied to the fifth fixed amount supply unit 83 and the sixth fixed amount supply unit 84.

In the first raw material sorting equipment A, a predetermined amount of raw material is supplied from the first and second fixed quantity feeders 40 and 42 to the first solid fuel molding equipment E, and at the same time, the PKS raw material sorting equipment C and the EFB raw material sorting equipment. A predetermined amount of raw material is supplied to each first solid fuel molding facility E from D. Further, in the second raw material sorting equipment B, a predetermined amount of raw material is supplied from the first and second fixed quantity feeders 40 and 42 to the first solid fuel molding equipment F, and at the same time, the PKS raw material sorting equipment C and the EFB raw material sorting equipment. A predetermined amount of raw material is supplied to each second solid fuel molding facility F from D.
In the first and second solid fuel molding facilities E and F, a mixed raw material of paper, wood, synthetic resin, PKS, and EFB is supplied to the first and second compression molding machines 44 and 45, respectively. The structures of the first and second solid fuel molding equipments E and F differ only in the nozzles of the compression molding machines 44 and 45. For example, in the first solid fuel molding equipment E, the nozzle diameter is 35 mm, and a green coal having a diameter of 35 mm is used. In the second solid fuel molding facility F, it is preferable that the diameter of the nozzle is 35 mm and a green coal having a diameter of 20 mm is formed. The operations in the first and second solid fuel molding facilities E and F are the same as the procedure in the first solid fuel molding facility E in the first embodiment described above.

In addition, since the squeezed residue and coconut shell of the cocoon contain not only a small amount of oil and fat, as described above, like the synthetic resin, the form can be obtained by compressing and molding without particularly adding a binder. A solid fuel having excellent holding stability and sufficient calorific value can be obtained.
Green coal made from paper, wood, synthetic resin, PKS, and EFB produced in this way has as few as possible harmful gases and residues after combustion, a large calorific value, and a solid carbon dioxide generation suppression. It is applied as a solid fuel suitable for fuel, particularly for thermal power generation.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the first embodiment, the fixed fuel is formed by mixing synthetic resin into paper and wood as a binder and raw material. However, in this embodiment, the fixed fuel is formed by further mixing plant raw material into paper and wood. I am doing so.
In addition, in this embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the installation similar to the said 1st Embodiment, and it demonstrates simply.
Referring to FIG. 9, the solid fuel production system 1 is provided with a pit 6 for introducing a raw material. In the pit 6, the raw material recovered by a recovery means such as a recovery vehicle is introduced into the pit 6. From the pit 6, the raw material can be directly fed into the rough sorting unit 7 or directly into the biaxial crusher 11 through a supply conveyor (not shown). The mixing ratio is determined in advance for paper and wood as raw materials.

In the biaxial crusher 11, in addition to paper and wood, a predetermined amount of the plant raw material 103 is input as a calorific value enhancer, and further a binder and a shape retention agent are mixed. The plant raw material 103 may be PKS, EFB, other sesame seeds, Nanjing yellow cocoon, Nanyang oil paulownia, rapeseed, corn or honey mesquite fruit seeds used in the third embodiment, or pomace thereof. Binders are starches collected from seaweed containing alginic acid, such as agarose, carrageenan, curdlan or glucomannan, and the like, and those dried by at least one of these, or in form Any combination with any of the retaining agents may be used. As the shape retention agent, natural rubber or a natural rubber-containing material is used.
As for the mixing ratio, when the mixture of all components is 100 parts by weight, the total amount of wood and paper is 15 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 40 parts by weight. The total amount is 55 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 60 to 80 parts by weight. Moreover, wood: paper is 20: 80-80: 20 by weight, Preferably it is 25: 75-75: 25. When the mixture is 100 parts by weight, the total amount of the binder and the shape retention agent is 25 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 55 parts by weight, and the calorific value enhancer is 15 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 18 to 55 parts by weight. Furthermore, the ratio of binder: form retention agent is 6: 4 to 8: 2, preferably 6.5: 3.5 to 7.5: 2.5 by weight.

Paper, wood, and plant material crushed by the biaxial crusher 11 are transferred to the dryer 15 by a conveyor and supplied. The dryer 15 evaporates and dries moisture contained in the paper, wood, and plant material by the warm air heated by the warm air boiler 14 or the like.
The dried paper, wood, and plant material are transferred to the air sorter 22 by a conveyor. The air sorter 22 flows air from below to above, and the paper and wood that are supplied from the inlet and reduced in weight by drying are blown upward by the wind pressure and discharged from the upper outlet.
The raw material discharged from the air sorter 22 is transferred to the magnetic separator 24 by a conveyor.
In the magnetic separator 24, metals such as iron separated from paper, wood and the like during crushing by the above-described biaxial crusher 11 are removed from the raw material. The remaining raw material consisting of paper, wood, and plants is transferred to the uniaxial crusher 31 by a conveyor.

The uniaxial crusher 31 crushes the raw material little by little while pressing the object against the rotary blade. In this embodiment, if it crushes to about 1-25 mm, it will be discharged | emitted from the uniaxial crusher 31. FIG. The size of the crushed pieces is preferably about 1 to 50 mm.
The raw material discharged from the uniaxial crusher 31 is transferred to the magnetic separator 33 by a conveyor. In the magnetic separator 33, magnetic materials such as iron and non-ferrous metals such as aluminum separated by the uniaxial crusher 31 are removed from the raw material.
The raw material from which the magnetic material such as iron has been removed is transferred to the first fixed amount feeder 40, where the constant amount (dry weight) of the paper and wood mixture is compressed in the next process at a predetermined time. It can be supplied to the molding machines 44 and 45.
In the compression molding machines 44 and 45, it is preferable to heat and pressurize and compress the mixture to, for example, 100 to 160 ° C, preferably 110 to 150 ° C, and particularly preferably 120 to 140 ° C.
The size is desirably 10 to 100 cm ^{3 on} average as a volume per piece. The apparent specific gravity of the solid fuel is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm ³ .
Solid fuel has a stable calorific value, and the calorific value is 20-30 Mj / kg. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention uses waste wood, waste paper, binders, shape retention agents and heat quantity enhancers in a well-balanced manner, and also has a high calorific value and a high carbon dioxide generation suppression effect. It is advantageously used as a fuel for thermal power generation.

The present invention has been described in detail based on the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and other modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Or it can be changed.
In the third embodiment, PKS and EFB are taken as examples. However, as plant raw materials for solid fuel, rapeseed, corn, sesame seeds, Nanjing yellow cocoon, Nanyang oil paulownia or honey mesquite fruit seeds or squeezed thereof Waste can be used as a raw material. It can be carried out in the same manner as the raw material sorting in the PKS raw material sorting equipment C and the EFB raw material sorting equipment D.
Although the dust collection / deodorization equipment has been described only for the first embodiment, the present invention is also applicable to the solid fuel production system according to the second to fourth embodiments.

1 Solid fuel production system 11, 12 Biaxial crusher (first crusher)
15, 17 Dryer 22, 23 Air sorter 31, 32 Uniaxial crusher (second crusher)
40 1st fixed supply machine 42 2nd fixed supply machine 81-84,93,94 Fixed supply machine (3rd fixed supply machine)
95 Controller (quantity means)
44, 45 Compression molding machine A First raw material sorting equipment B Second raw material sorting equipment C PKS raw material sorting equipment D EFB raw material sorting equipment E First solid fuel molding equipment F Second solid fuel molding equipment

Claims (4)

A first crusher that crushes paper and wood selected from waste into a predetermined size;
Before SL shredding papers, a first metering feeder capable of supplying a predetermined amount of wood,
A second crusher that crushes the synthetic resin selected from the waste into a predetermined size;
A second quantitative feeder capable of supplying a predetermined amount of the crushed synthetic resin ;
A quantity means for controlling the paper and wood discharged by the first quantitative feeder and the synthetic resin discharged by the second quantitative feeder to be discharged at a predetermined ratio by weight;
A solid fuel compression molding machine that mixes, heats, melts, and compresses paper, wood, and synthetic resin supplied from the first and second quantitative feeders to form a solid fuel;
A controller for controlling the supply amounts of the first and second metering feeders ;
A dust collector using a back filter connected to the downstream side of the first crusher and the second crusher via a duct and collecting dust components;
A HEPA filter device connected via a duct to the downstream side of the dust collector;
A mist separator connected to a downstream side of the HEPA filter device and the solid fuel compression molding machine via a duct to separate and remove mist;
A dust collecting / deodorizing fan connected to the downstream side of the mist separate for sucking exhaust gas;
A deodorizing device connected to the downstream side of the dust collecting / deodorizing fan and deodorizing odorous components contained in the gaseous components of the blown gas;
A dehydrator for dewatering a cocoon material obtained by squeezing an oil component from a plant containing an oil or fat component, or a plant raw material made from the waste material of the plant;
A crusher for crushing the plant material into a predetermined amount, a dryer for drying the material,
A plant material quantitative feeder capable of supplying a predetermined amount of the dehydrated and dried plant material ,
The plant raw material discharged from the plant raw material quantitative feeder is added to the mixture dispensed from the first quantitative feeder and the second quantitative feeder, and the mixture is compression molded by the solid fuel compression molding machine. A solid fuel production system characterized by the above . A post-molding quantitative supply conveyor provided on the downstream side of the solid fuel compression molding machine,
Further comprising a product conveyor disposed on the downstream side of the post-molding quantitative supply conveyor,
The solid fuel production system according to claim 1, wherein the post-molding quantitative supply conveyor and the product conveyance conveyor are connected to the mist separator via ducts. The fixed fuel manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein a pair of the solid fuel compression molding machines are provided, and the diameters of the nozzle tips of the solid fuel compression molding machines are different. The plant raw materials are palm coconut shell and palm cocoon empty batter, and the quantitative feeder for the plant raw material is a quantitative feeder for palm coconut husk raw material supplied with palm coconut husk raw material, and palm coconut empty batter raw material is The solid fuel production system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the system is a fixed-quantity supply machine for the palm palm empty material to be supplied.

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