JP5946807B2 - 要件に従ってno2を供給する温度制御プレ触媒を用いるディーゼルエンジン排気ガスの酸化窒素除去 - Google Patents
要件に従ってno2を供給する温度制御プレ触媒を用いるディーゼルエンジン排気ガスの酸化窒素除去 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5946807B2 JP5946807B2 JP2013211631A JP2013211631A JP5946807B2 JP 5946807 B2 JP5946807 B2 JP 5946807B2 JP 2013211631 A JP2013211631 A JP 2013211631A JP 2013211631 A JP2013211631 A JP 2013211631A JP 5946807 B2 JP5946807 B2 JP 5946807B2
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- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- temperature
- nitric oxide
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 115
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 76
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 75
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 137
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000018537 nitric oxide storage Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 30
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001417527 Pempheridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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Description
本発明は、ディーゼルエンジン排気ガスを浄化するプロセス、特に、酸化窒素を除去するプロセス、および本発明のプロセスを実行する装置に関する。
これは、鉄交換ゼオライトに基づくSCR触媒のみではなく、従来の、すなわち、市販の能動的SCR触媒すべてに該当する。
本発明は、例えば、以下を提供する。
(項目1)
アンモニアによる選択式触媒還元によって、内燃エンジンからの希薄排気ガス中に存在する酸化窒素の量を低減するプロセスであって、該排気ガス中に存在する一酸化窒素の一部は、プレ触媒上で二酸化窒素に酸化され、該プレ触媒は、少なくとも1つの酸化活性触媒成分を含有し、かつ、該還元触媒の上流に設置されることにより、該排気ガスは、アンモニアとともに該還元触媒上を通過する前において、0.3乃至0.7のNO2/NOx比を有する、プロセスにおいて、該プレ触媒の温度は、該所望のNO2/NOx比が達成されるように、温度制御デバイスを使用して該エンジンの動作状態から独立して設定されることを特徴とする、プロセス。
(項目2)
前記プレ触媒の要求温度は、エンジン制御システム内で記録される、新しく産生された状態および熱劣化した状態における該触媒の活性測定特性のデータに基づいて決定され、前記排気ガスの実際の温度は、該プレ触媒の流入側に配置される温度センサによって決定されるか、またはそれぞれのエンジン動作点の関数として、該エンジン制御システム内で記録される特性の表から求められることを特徴とする、項目1に記載のプロセス。
(項目3)
前記還元触媒の上流の前記NO2/NOx比は、センサによって決定され、この値は、前記プレ触媒の温度を設定するための追加の調整パラメータとして使用されることを特徴とする、項目2に記載のプロセス。
(項目4)
前記プレ触媒は、支持体と、触媒活性被膜とを含み、前記温度の設定は、該支持体を加熱または冷却することによって達成されることを特徴とする、項目1に記載のプロセス。
(項目5)
前記プレ触媒の触媒活性被膜は、酸化窒素貯蔵物質を含有し、原放出物からの酸化窒素が、200℃を下回る排気ガス温度において、該酸化窒素貯蔵物質内に一時的に保存されることを特徴とする、項目4に記載のプロセス。
(項目6)
前記プレ触媒の触媒活性被膜は、酸化窒素貯蔵物質を含有し、予め保存されたNO2は、250℃を上回る温度において、該酸化窒素貯蔵物質から標的熱脱離によって解放され、かつ、前記所望のNO2/NOx比を設定するために利用されることが可能であることを特徴とする、項目4に記載のプロセス。
(項目7)
アンモニアによる選択式触媒還元によって、内燃エンジンからの希薄排気ガス中に存在する酸化窒素の量を低減する装置であって、該装置は、還元触媒と、該還元触媒の上流に配置され、少なくとも1つの酸化活性触媒成分を含有する、プレ触媒と、該排気ガスの流れから独立して還元剤源に接続され、該プレ触媒と該還元触媒との間に配列される、アンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解可能な化合物のための計測設備とを含む、装置において、該プレ触媒の温度は、所望のNO2/NOx比が達成されるように、該エンジンの動作状態から独立して設定可能である、温度制御デバイスが存在することを特徴とする、装置。
(項目8)
温度センサが、前記プレ触媒の流入側に配列されることを特徴とする、項目7に記載の装置。
(項目9)
前記還元触媒の上流で優勢である前記NO2/NOx比を測定するためのセンサが、該還元触媒の上流に配列されることを特徴とする、項目8に記載の装置。
(項目10)
前記プレ触媒が、支持体と、触媒活性被膜とを含み、前記温度制御デバイスが、該プレ触媒中に存在する該支持体とユニットを形成することを特徴とする、項目7に記載の装置。
(項目11)
電気的に加熱可能な金属ハニカム体が、支持体として使用されることを特徴とする、項目10に記載の装置。
(項目12)
前記触媒活性被膜が、支持体として使用される熱交換装置に適用されることを特徴とする、項目10に記載の装置。
(項目13)
周囲空気が、伝熱媒体として使用され、自動車中に存在する二次的空気ポンプによって吸引され、バーナによって加熱され、該バーナは、前記排気ガスユニット外に配置され、燃料によって動作させられ、必要に応じて、スイッチを入れることが可能であることを特徴とする、項目10に記載の装置。
(項目14)
前記プレ触媒の触媒活性被膜が、酸化窒素貯蔵物質をさらに含有することを特徴とする、項目10に記載の装置。
(項目15)
ディーゼル粒子フィルタが、前記プレ触媒と、アンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解可能な化合物のための計測設備との間に配列されることを特徴とする、項目10に記載の装置。
(項目16)
ディーゼル粒子フィルタが、前記還元触媒の流出側に配列されることを特徴とする、項目10に記載の装置。
(項目17)
ディーゼル粒子フィルタが、SCR活性触媒被膜のための支持体として使用され、この構成要素が、前記計測設備の流出側の前記還元触媒の代わりに配列されることを特徴とする、項目10に記載の装置。
図3は、ディーゼルエンジン用の本発明の排気ガス浄化プロセスを実行するための排気ガスユニットの好ましい構成を示す。
以下のシステムは、エンジン試験台(コモンレール噴射システム、ターボ過給およびAGR、6つのシリンダ、公称電力:180kW搭載3.0 lディーゼルエンジン)上で測定された。
● 車体底面位置:鉄ゼオライト触媒−SCR
● 尿素導入口は、SCR触媒の上流に設置
● 加熱された触媒は、SCR触媒の上流において、約0.5のNO2/NOx比を得るために、スイッチのオン/オフが可能
T1:加熱可能DOC内への流入温度
T2:加熱可能DOCからの流出温度
T3:SCR触媒内への流入温度
T4:SCR触媒からの流出温度
NOx3:SCR触媒内へのNOx流入濃度(ppm)
NOx4:SCR触媒からのNOx流出濃度(ppm)
NO2/NOx:SCR触媒内への流入に基づくモルNO2/NOx比(%)
Claims (9)
- アンモニアによる選択式触媒還元によって、内燃エンジンからの希薄排気ガス中に存在する酸化窒素の量を低減するプロセスであって、
該排気ガス中に存在する一酸化窒素の一部は、プレ触媒上で二酸化窒素に酸化され、該プレ触媒は、少なくとも1つの酸化活性触媒成分を含有し、かつ、粒子フィルタおよび還元触媒の上流に設置され、該粒子フィルタが該還元触媒の上流に設置されることにより、該排気ガスは、アンモニアとともに該還元触媒上を通過する前において、0.3乃至0.7のNO2/NOx比を有し、
該プレ触媒の温度は、0.3乃至0.7のNO2/NOx比が該粒子フィルタの排気口において達成されるように、該エンジンの動作状態にかかわらず設定されることを特徴とし、該プレ触媒は、支持体と触媒活性被膜とを含み、該温度の設定は、該支持体に導入される熱の初期量に対して該支持体に付与される熱の量を調整することによって達成され、
該還元触媒の上流の該NO2/NOx比は、NOxセンサによって決定され、この値は、該プレ触媒の該温度を設定するための追加の調整パラメータとして使用され、
該NOxセンサは、該粒子フィルタの排気口に配列される、プロセス。 - 前記プレ触媒の要求温度は、エンジン制御システム内で記録される、新しく生成された状態および熱劣化した状態における該触媒の活性測定特性のデータおよび前記排気ガスの実際の温度に基づいて決定され、該排気ガスの実際の温度は、該プレ触媒の流入側に配置される温度センサによって決定されるか、または、それぞれのエンジン動作点の関数として、該エンジン制御システム内で記録される特性の表から求められることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プレ触媒の触媒活性被膜は、酸化窒素貯蔵物質を含有し、原放出物からの酸化窒素は、200℃を下回る排気ガス温度において、該酸化窒素貯蔵物質内に一時的に保存されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プレ触媒の触媒活性被膜は、酸化窒素貯蔵物質を含有し、前記エンジンの低温始動段階において保存されたNO2は、250℃を上回る該酸化窒素貯蔵物質の温度において、該酸化窒素貯蔵物質から熱脱離によって解放され、かつ、前記所望のNO2/NOx比を設定するために利用されることが可能であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- アンモニアによる選択式触媒還元によって、内燃エンジンからの希薄排気ガス中に存在する酸化窒素の量を低減する装置であって、
該装置は、還元触媒と、プレ触媒と、粒子フィルタと、計測設備とを含み、該プレ触媒は、支持体と触媒活性被膜とを含み、該プレ触媒は、該還元触媒の上流に配置され、該プレ触媒は、少なくとも1つの酸化活性触媒成分を含有し、該粒子フィルタは、該プレ触媒の下流かつ該還元触媒の上流に配置され、該計測設備は、還元剤として該排気ガスの流れの中に導入される、アンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解可能な化合物の量を計測し、該還元剤は、該排気ガスの流れから分離された還元剤源に接続され、該計測設備は、該プレ触媒と該還元触媒との間に配列され、
温度制御デバイスによって、0.3乃至0.7のNO2/NOx比が該粒子フィルタの排気口において達成されるように該プレ触媒の温度が該エンジンの動作状態にかかわらず設定されることが可能であることを特徴とし、該温度制御デバイスおよび該支持体は、1つのユニットを形成し、
該還元触媒の上流のNO2/NOx比は、NOxセンサによって決定され、この値は、追加的な制御パラメータとしてプレ触媒の該温度を設定するために使用され、該NOxセンサは、該粒子フィルタの排気口に配列され、該温度の設定は、該温度制御デバイスが、該支持体に導入される熱の初期量に対して該支持体に付与される熱の量を調整することによって達成される、装置。 - 温度センサは、前記プレ触媒の流入側に配列されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 電気的に加熱可能な金属ハニカム体は、支持体として使用されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記プレ触媒の前記触媒活性被膜は、酸化窒素貯蔵物質をさらに含有することを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記粒子フィルタは、前記プレ触媒と、アンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解可能な化合物のための計測設備との間に配列されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の装置。
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US8695329B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
CA2709457C (en) | 2016-01-26 |
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JP2014025479A (ja) | 2014-02-06 |
US20110000189A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
EP3254749A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
WO2009077126A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
US8991161B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
DE102007060623B4 (de) | 2011-04-14 |
DE102007060623A1 (de) | 2009-06-18 |
EP2222388A1 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
KR20100106477A (ko) | 2010-10-01 |
CA2709457A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
KR101659788B1 (ko) | 2016-09-26 |
JP2011506818A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
BRPI0821268B1 (pt) | 2019-03-12 |
BRPI0821268A2 (pt) | 2015-06-16 |
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