JP5833319B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool, and more particularly to a machine tool having a turret member to which a plurality of tools are attached.

  Conventionally, as this type of machine tool, a rotating plate (turret member) to which a plurality of tools such as a tool and a drill are attached is rotatably attached to a base, and by rotating the turret member, Can select a tool for processing a workpiece (work) from the above (for example, see Patent Document 1). In the machine tool disclosed in Patent Document 1, the motor that rotates the turret member is provided outside the housing that supports the turret member, and the turret member and the motor are connected via a large number of gears. Moreover, the 1st engagement tooth is formed in the edge part of the rotating shaft of a turret member, and the 2nd engagement tooth is formed in the coupling mechanism provided in the base. When the rotation position of the turret member reaches the vicinity of the desired rotation position by driving the motor, the rotation shaft of the turret member is moved in the axial direction to engage the engagement teeth of the turret member and the coupling mechanism. By doing so, the rotation of the turret member is fixed.

JP 2001-179511 A

  In such a machine tool, the smaller the number of parts, the smaller the overall machine tool, the easier it is to manufacture and assemble the machine tool, and the lower the manufacturing cost of the machine tool. Desirably configured. In the above machine tool, since the turret member is fixed at an angle according to the engagement teeth of the rotation shaft of the turret member and the engagement teeth of the coupling mechanism, the rotation angle of the turret member can be finely adjusted. However, even if the position of the selected tool is shifted from the workpiece, it is difficult to adjust the position of the tool. In particular, in the case where a tool can be attached to and detached from the turret member, if the tool is not accurately attached to the turret member, the position of the workpiece and the tool is displaced, and the workpiece machining accuracy is lowered.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its first object to provide a machine tool with a small number of parts, and a machine tool capable of finely adjusting the position of a tool attached to a turret member. The second purpose is to provide it.

In order to achieve the above object, a machine tool according to the present invention provides:
A housing;
A turret member rotatably attached to the housing and to which a plurality of tools are attached;
Wherein a fixing portion fixed to the inside of the housing, located inside the housing, anda rotating part mounted integrally with the turret member, said turret member by rotating said rotating portion A motor that rotates relative to the housing;
By aligning the turret member with respect to the housing in a non-rotatable manner by a frictional force with a predetermined portion that rotates integrally with the turret member, the tool and the workpiece are aligned with each other. And fixing means for prohibiting the turret member from rotating relative to the housing during processing of the workpiece by the aligned tool;
Moving means for moving the turret member with respect to the workpiece in a first axial direction orthogonal to the rotation axis of the turret member;
Control means for controlling the motor and the moving means,
The control means includes
When aligning the one tool, the motor is controlled to rotate the turret member relative to the housing, and the moving means is controlled to move the turret member in the first axial direction. Thus, the position in the first axial direction of the one tool and the position in the second axial direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft and the first axial direction can be arbitrarily adjusted.
It is characterized by that.

The machine tool further includes rotational position detection means for detecting a rotational position of the turret member,
Said control means, said turret member based on the detected rotational positions may be controlled and the fixing means and the motor to stop at the target position.

The predetermined portion is a brake disc that rotates integrally with the turret member,
The fixing means may include a brake pad that sandwiches the brake disc.

Further, the turret member is formed in a polygonal shape as viewed from the direction along the rotation axis,
A portion corresponding to one side of said polygon in said turret member, two or more tools of the plurality of tools has become a mountable,
When the control means selects one tool among the plurality of tools, the control means controls the motor to rotate the turret member, whereby the one tool is predetermined with respect to the workpiece. You may make it move to this position.

According to engagement Ru machine tools to the present invention, the number of components of the machine tool can be reduced, it can be finely adjusted position of the tool attached to the turret member.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the schematic of a turret apparatus. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that the turret member was seen from the rotating shaft direction. 3. It replaces with the hatching which shows the cross section of the apparatus in FIG. 2, and is the figure which gave the part rotated with respect to a housing. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that the turret member of the modification was seen from the rotating shaft direction. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that the turret member of the modification was seen from the rotating shaft direction.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a machine tool 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The machine tool 20 of the embodiment is configured as a multi-function lathe for processing a workpiece (workpiece) W. As shown in the figure, the machine tool 20 includes a bed S that is a base of the machine tool 20 as a whole, a work holding part 22 that holds and rotates the work W, and a machining part that has a plurality of tools for machining the work W. 30 and a control unit 60 that controls the entire machine tool 20.

  The work holding unit 22 is placed on the bed S, and has a rail 23 fixed to the bed S, a work holding mechanism 26 having a slider (not shown) engaged with the rail 23, and the work holding mechanism 26 as a rail. And a workpiece moving motor 29 that is moved on the head 23. The workpiece holding mechanism 26 is provided with a chuck 27 that holds the workpiece W, and a workpiece rotation motor (not shown) that rotates the workpiece W held by the chuck 27 is provided inside the workpiece holding mechanism 26. Yes. In such a workpiece holding unit 22, the workpiece W is rotated by the workpiece rotating motor 29 while being held by the chuck 27, and the workpiece moving motor 29 rotates the workpiece W in the rotation axis direction (hereinafter referred to as “Z-axis direction”). It can be reciprocated.

  The processing unit 30 is fixed to the bed S and extends in a direction (hereinafter referred to as “X-axis direction”) perpendicular to the direction (Z-axis direction) in which the work holding mechanism 26 moves, and engages with the rail 31. A turret device 40 having a slider (not shown) and a turret movement motor 32 for moving the turret device 40 on a rail 31 are provided.

  FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the turret device 40, and FIG. 3 shows an example of a state in which the turret member 46 of the turret device 40 is viewed from the Z-axis direction (a state in which the turret member 46 is viewed from the right side in FIG. 2). Show. Further, FIG. 4 shows a diagram in which a portion rotated with respect to the housing 42 is hatched instead of the hatching showing the cross section of the device in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the turret device 40 includes a housing 42, a turret member 46 that is rotatably supported by the housing 42, a built-in motor 48 that rotates the turret member 46, and a turret member 46 that cannot rotate. And a brake mechanism 50 to be fixed to the vehicle. Although not shown, the housing 42 is connected to a slider (not shown) that engages with the rail 31.

  The turret member 46 is formed in a regular polygon (a regular decagon in the example of FIG. 3), and is connected to the tool holding portion 46 a to which a plurality of tools T are attached, and the tool holding portion 46 a. And a rotation shaft portion 46b that is rotatably supported around the Z axis. The tool holding part 46a can detachably attach a tool T such as a cutting tool or a drill to the peripheral surface. In the embodiment, the drill holder 47a for attaching the drill is provided on one surface of the regular polygon of the tool holding part. Tool holders 47b to 47j that are provided and for attaching tools are provided on the other surfaces. A brake disc 51 is attached to the rotary shaft portion 46b behind the turret member 46 (left side in FIG. 2). The brake disc 51 is formed in a disc shape that protrudes in a flange shape from the rotation shaft portion 46 b, and rotates integrally with the turret member 46.

  The built-in motor 48 is configured by a known motor such as a synchronous motor or an induction motor, and is entirely provided in the housing 42. The built-in motor 48 includes a stator 48 a fixed to the housing 42 and a rotor 48 b that is directly attached to the rotating shaft portion 46 b of the turret member 46. This built-in motor 48 is a direct drive in which the rotor 48b is directly attached to the turret member 46 without using a gear or the like. Therefore, energy loss, noise, and vibration due to the gear and the like are prevented, and the output from the built-in motor 48 is used. The turret member 46 can be efficiently rotated and the entire apparatus can be downsized. The built-in motor 48 is also provided with a rotational position detection sensor 49 that detects the rotational position of the rotor 48 b, that is, the rotational position of the turret member 46. The rotational position detection sensor 49 is a variety of encoders, such as a rotary encoder that optically reads a concavo-convex pattern formed on the rotational shaft portion 46b of the turret member 46 to detect the rotational position of the turret member 46, an electromagnetic pickup type, and a resolver. A sensor can be used.

  The brake mechanism 50 includes a brake pad 52 provided in the housing 42, a spring 53 that applies a biasing force to the brake pad 52, and a hydraulic mechanism 54 that applies hydraulic pressure to the brake pad 52. The brake pad 52 is formed by two annular members and is located on both sides of the brake disc 51 in the Z-axis direction. A hydraulic chamber 44 is formed by the brake pad 52 and the inner wall surface of the housing 42 on the opposite side of the surface of the brake pad 52 facing the brake disc 51. The hydraulic chamber 44 is connected to a hydraulic mechanism 54, and the inside is filled with oil. The hydraulic mechanism 54 is configured to generate hydraulic pressure by, for example, an electric pump, and to cause the generated hydraulic pressure to act on the hydraulic chamber 44 from the joint 55. In such a brake mechanism 50, when no hydraulic pressure is applied from the hydraulic mechanism 54 to the hydraulic chamber 44, the brake pad 52 is urged away from the brake disk 51 by the urging force of the spring 53, and the brake pad 52 and the brake disk 51 are urged. Does not touch. As a result, no force is applied to the brake disc 51 from the brake pad 52, and the brake disc 51 and the turret member 46 can freely rotate with respect to the housing 42. On the other hand, when hydraulic pressure is applied from the hydraulic mechanism 54 to the hydraulic chamber 44, the brake pad 52 moves in a direction approaching the brake disc 51 against the biasing force of the spring 53, and the brake disc 51 is sandwiched between the brake pads 52. . Thereby, a frictional force acts on the brake disc 51 and the brake pad 52, and the brake disc 51 and the turret member 46 are fixed to the housing 42 so as not to rotate.

  The control unit 60 includes a known computer having a processor and a storage unit. The control unit 60 controls the entire machine tool 20 according to a control sequence stored in advance in the storage unit. Various information necessary for controlling the machine tool 20 is input to the control unit 60, for example, the rotational position of the turret member 46 is input from the rotational position detection sensor 49, and the workpiece moving motor 29, the workpiece rotating motor, Control signals are transmitted to the turret moving motor 32, the built-in motor 48, the hydraulic mechanism 54, and the like. The control unit 60 is also provided with an input unit (not shown) such as a keyboard through which an operator can input various commands.

  Next, processing of the workpiece W using the machine tool 20 configured as described above will be described. Hereinafter, first, the indexing (selection, change) of the tool T by the turret device 40 will be described. When determining the tool T for machining the workpiece W, the control unit 60 first drives the hydraulic mechanism 54 so that the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic mechanism 54 does not act on the brake pad 52 based on an instruction from the operator to the input unit. To do. That is, the brake mechanism 50 is driven so that the brake pad 52 and the brake disc 51 are not in contact with each other. Thereby, the brake disc 51 and the turret member 46 can freely rotate with respect to the housing 42. Subsequently, the control unit 60 drives the built-in motor 48 to rotate the turret member 46. At this time, the control unit 60 causes the desired tool T to machine the workpiece W based on the rotational position of the rotor 48b of the built-in motor 48 detected by the rotational position detection sensor 49 (that is, the rotational position of the turret member 46). The turret member 46 is rotated so as to be indexed and stopped at a position (target position). When the turret member 46 reaches the target rotational position, the control unit 60 drives the hydraulic mechanism 54 to apply hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic chamber 44 and sandwich the brake disc 51 between the brake pads 52. Thereby, in a state where the turret member 46 is indexed to the target position, the brake disk 51 and the turret member 46 are fixed to be non-rotatable by the frictional force between the brake pad 52 and the brake disk 51.

  When the tool T is indexed by the turret device 40 and there is a deviation in the position of the indexed tool T, the control unit 60 determines the rotational position of the turret member 46 based on a command from the operator to the input unit. Tweak the. In the machine tool 20 of the embodiment, when the workpiece W is indexed and fixed, the turret member 46 is engaged with a concave portion formed on one side of the housing 42 and a convex portion formed on the other side. Is not fixed non-rotatably, that is, the turret member 46 and the engagement teeth formed on the housing 42 are engaged with each other and the turret member 46 is not fixed non-rotatably by coupling. Since the turret member 46 is fixed to be non-rotatable by frictional force with the 51 between the brake pads 52, the turret member 46 can be fixed at an arbitrary angle, and the workpiece W and the tool T when the workpiece W is processed The position can be finely adjusted. As a fine adjustment of the position of the tool T at this time, for example, an operator inputs an angle for correcting a shift to the control unit 60, and the control unit 60 rotates the turret member 46 according to the input angle. Alternatively, various methods may be used such as the control unit 60 slowly rotating the turret member 46 and an operator inputting a stop command to the control unit 60. When the fine adjustment of the position of the tool T of the turret device 40 is completed in this way, it is desirable that the control unit 60 stores the rotational position of the turret member 46 and the determined position of the tool T. Moreover, when processing the workpiece | work W continuously using the some tool T, such adjustment is previously performed with respect to all the tools T, a result is memorize | stored, and the control part 60 is then used using the memorize | stored information. However, if the workpiece W is machined, machining accuracy can be improved and machining can be performed smoothly.

  In the machine tool 20 of the embodiment, the turret member 46 is rotated to move the position of the tool T in the X-axis direction and the position in the vertical direction (hereinafter referred to as “Y-axis direction”). The position in the Y-axis direction of the tool T can be arbitrarily adjusted by canceling the movement in the X-axis direction by driving the turret movement motor 32. For example, considering the drill T (D) positioned directly below the turret member 46 in FIG. 3, when the turret member 46 is rotated clockwise, the drill T (D) moves to the left which is the X axis direction. Move up in the Y-axis direction. Here, the movement of the drill T (D) in the X-axis direction due to the rotation of the turret member 46 can be adjusted and canceled by driving the turret movement motor 32 and moving the turret device 40 to the right. . Therefore, by controlling the built-in motor 48 and the turret moving motor 32, the position of the tool T in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction can be arbitrarily adjusted without providing a mechanism for moving the turret device 40 in the Y-axis direction. can do.

  Then, the flow of the whole process of the workpiece | work W by the tool T indexed by the turret apparatus 40 is demonstrated. When processing the workpiece W, the operator places the workpiece W in the chuck 27 of the workpiece holding mechanism 26 and holds the workpiece W by the chuck 27. Subsequently, based on an instruction from the operator to the input unit, the control unit 60 drives the workpiece rotation motor to rotate the workpiece W. Next, based on the command, the control unit 60 drives the workpiece moving motor 29 to move the workpiece W in the Z-axis direction and drives the turret moving motor 32 to move the turret device 40 in the X-axis direction. The tool T is moved to contact the workpiece W. Thereby, the tool T is applied to the rotating workpiece W and the workpiece W is machined. When the machining is completed, the control unit 60 drives the workpiece moving motor 29 and the turret moving motor 32 to move the turret device 40 away from the workpiece W. When processing the workpiece W continuously with another tool T provided on the turret member 46, the control unit 60 changes the tool T by driving the turret device 40, and processes the workpiece W again. When the workpiece W is not machined with another tool T, the control unit 60 stops the workpiece rotation motor, and the operator releases the workpiece W held by the workpiece holding mechanism 26.

  Since the machine tool 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention described above is a direct drive in which the rotor 48b of the built-in motor 48 is directly attached to the rotating shaft portion 46b of the turret member 46, indirect mechanism parts such as gears and belts are used. This is not necessary, and the number of parts can be reduced, so that the entire machine tool can be downsized and the manufacturing cost of the machine tool can be reduced. Further, since the rotor 48b is directly attached to the rotating shaft portion 46b of the turret member 46, there is no deviation due to a gap (backlash) provided between the gears of the gear, so the built-in motor 48 is driven. Thus, the rotational position of the turret member 46 can be controlled appropriately. Furthermore, in the machine tool 20 of the embodiment, the turret member 46 is fixed to the housing 42 so as not to rotate by frictional force by driving the hydraulic mechanism 54 and sandwiching the brake disc 51 between the brake pads 52, whereby the turret member One tool T of the tools T attached to 46 and the workpiece W are aligned, and the turret member 46 is prohibited from rotating with respect to the housing 42 during the processing of the workpiece W by the aligned tool T. Therefore, the turret member 46 can be fixed at an arbitrary angle, and the position of the tool T of the turret member 46 and the workpiece W can be finely adjusted when the workpiece W is processed.

  The machine tool 20 described above is a multi-function lathe that processes the workpiece W by bringing the tool T indexed by the turret device 40 into contact with the rotating workpiece W, but instead of rotating the workpiece W, A drive source for driving the tool T may be provided and the workpiece W may be machined with a rotating tool. In this case, as described above, in the machine tool 20 according to the embodiment, the turret member 46 is rotated by the built-in motor 48 and the position of the rotary tool in the X-axis direction is adjusted by the turret moving motor 32. Since it can be arbitrarily moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, an arbitrary place of the workpiece W can be machined without providing an actuator to be newly moved to the Y-axis. Therefore, the number of parts can be reduced, and the overall machine tool can be reduced in size and weight, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  In the machine tool 20 described above, the turret member 46 is provided with one drill holder 47a and nine bit holders 47b to 47j. However, the number is not limited to this, and dies, taps, and the like are also provided. A holder for attaching another tool may be provided. Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, drill holders 147 a and 247 a to which a plurality of drills T (D) can be attached may be provided on one side of the tool holding portion 46 a of the turret member 46, and various configurations are adopted. be able to. Even in this case, the turret member 46 is rotated by the built-in motor 48 and the position of the plurality of drills T (D) is adjusted by adjusting the position of the X axis of the drill T (D) by the turret moving motor 32. be able to.

  In the above-described machine tool 20, the workpiece moving motor 29 and the turret moving motor 32 move the workpiece W in the Z-axis direction (the direction along the rotation axis of the workpiece W) and move the turret device 40 in the X-axis direction ( It is assumed that the workpiece W is moved in the X-axis direction and the turret device 40 is moved in the Z-axis direction, or at least one of the workpiece W and the turret device 40 is moved. May be configured to be movable in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. An actuator that moves at least one of the workpiece W and the turret device 40 in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction) may be provided. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which moves the workpiece | work holding | maintenance mechanism 26 and the turret apparatus 40 manually, without providing actuators, such as such a motor.

  In the machine tool 20 described above, the control unit 60 controls the rotational position of the turret member 46 based on the detection value detected by the rotational position detection sensor 49, but the operator does not include the control unit 60. May be configured to drive the workpiece rotating motor, the workpiece moving motor 29, the turret member rotating motor, the turret moving motor, and the brake mechanism 50.

  The machine tool 20 described above includes the brake mechanism 50 that applies the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic mechanism 54 to the hydraulic chamber 44 and sandwiches the brake disk 51 between the brake pads 52 formed of two annular members. For example, the brake pad 52 may be pressed against only one surface of the brake disk 51, or may be formed in a shape other than an annular shape. May be. The brake mechanism 50 may use another working fluid instead of or in addition to the hydraulic pressure. For example, the brake mechanism 50 may use pneumatic pressure instead of hydraulic pressure, or may use hydraulic pressure and pneumatic pressure in combination. Further, the brake pad 52 may be pressed against the brake disk 51 by an electromagnetic mechanism instead of or in addition to the mechanism using the working fluid.

  In the machine tool 20 described above, the built-in motor 48 in which the rotor 48b is integrally attached to the rotation shaft portion 46b of the turret member 46 is provided. However, the rotor 46b is connected to the rotation shaft portion 46b of the turret member 46 via a gear or the like. It is good also as a structure by which these are connected. Further, in place of the built-in motor 48, another mechanism for rotating the turret member 46, such as an internal combustion engine that outputs power by a hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline or light oil, may be provided. Further, such a configuration may not be provided that does not include a mechanism for outputting power for rotating the turret member 46.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications (including deletion of constituent elements) without departing from the scope of the present invention. ) Needless to say,

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 Machine tool 22 Work holding part 23 Rail 26 Work holding mechanism 27 Chuck 29 Work moving motor 30 Processing part 31 Rail 32 Turret device moving motor 40 Turret device 42 Housing 43 Bearing 44 Hydraulic chamber 46,146,246 Turret member 46a Tool Holding part 46b Rotating shaft part 47a, 147a, 247a Drill holder 47b to 47j Tool holder 48 Built-in motor 48a Stator 48b Rotor 49 Rotation position detection sensor 50 Brake mechanism 51 Brake disk 52 Brake pad 53 Spring 54 Hydraulic mechanism 55 Joint 60 Control part S Bed T Tool T (D) Drill W Workpiece

Claims (4)

A housing;
A turret member rotatably attached to the housing and to which a plurality of tools are attached;
Wherein a fixing portion fixed to the inside of the housing, located inside the housing, anda rotating part mounted integrally with the turret member, said turret member by rotating said rotating portion A motor that rotates relative to the housing;
By aligning the turret member with respect to the housing in a non-rotatable manner by a frictional force with a predetermined portion that rotates integrally with the turret member, the tool and the workpiece are aligned with each other. And fixing means for prohibiting the turret member from rotating relative to the housing during processing of the workpiece by the aligned tool;
Moving means for moving the turret member with respect to the workpiece in a first axial direction orthogonal to the rotation axis of the turret member;
Control means for controlling the motor and the moving means,
The control means includes
When aligning the one tool, the motor is controlled to rotate the turret member relative to the housing, and the moving means is controlled to move the turret member in the first axial direction. Thus, the position in the first axial direction of the one tool and the position in the second axial direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft and the first axial direction can be arbitrarily adjusted.
A machine tool characterized by that. A rotation position detecting means for detecting a rotation position of the turret member;
The control means controls the motor and the fixing means so that the turret member stops at a target position based on the detected rotational position.
The machine tool according to claim 1. The predetermined portion is a brake disc that rotates integrally with the turret member,
The fixing means includes a brake pad that sandwiches the brake disc.
The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2. The turret member is formed in a polygonal shape as viewed from the direction along the rotation axis,
A portion corresponding to one side of said polygon in said turret member, two or more tools of the plurality of tools has become a mountable,
When the control means selects one tool among the plurality of tools, the control means controls the motor to rotate the turret member, whereby the one tool is predetermined with respect to the workpiece. Move to the position of
The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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