JP5805810B2 - Building ventilation structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building ventilation structure, and more particularly to a building ventilation structure that can reduce surface condensation in a building and internal condensation in a specific wall body with a small amount of air flow.

  In a building, a ventilation structure in which a ventilation path is provided inside a wall of a building has been proposed in order to reduce the condensation of the building and to maintain the indoor environment comfortably (Patent Document 1). In the present invention, a ventilation layer is formed between the outer wall of the side wall portion and the inner wall having air permeability, and in summer, the air in the ventilation layer is forcibly exhausted to maintain a negative pressure with respect to the room. VOCs and moisture are slowly discharged through to suppress the indoor temperature rise, and in winter, the exhaust port is closed and the ventilation layer is used as a heat insulation layer to suppress the indoor temperature drop. Hold comfortably.

  Water vapor generated indoors in winter causes surface condensation on window glass, aluminum sash window frames, and the like. In particular, in a wooden building, internal condensation occurs in the wall. Therefore, generally, the wall body is constituted by an inner wall (interior material such as an interior board) and an outer wall (exterior material such as siding), and a heat insulating material or the like is accommodated therebetween. If there is no moisture barrier such as a moisture-proof sheet on the inner wall side, water vapor generated indoors will enter the wall, creating a temperature difference between the outdoor and indoor, or indoor and furniture. Then, internal condensation occurs on the surface of the heat insulating material, wood, furniture and curtain. Condensation on the walls, curtains, and furniture due to internal and indoor condensation, and wooden buildings (mainly wood, plaster, etc.) and decay of furniture will adversely affect wooden buildings more than surface condensation.

  In the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the inner wall is made of a moisture-permeable material and the entire wall is used as a heat insulating layer in winter, the inner wall is formed between the outer wall and the heat insulating material inside the wall. Condensation may occur.

  As a technique that can solve this problem, there is an invention disclosed in Patent Document 2. In the present invention (indoor environment control method for a building having a ventilation and heat insulating structure), the water vapor partial pressure inside and outside the room is measured, and the internal dew condensation is reduced by controlling the dehumidifier.

JP 2012-2006 Gazette Japanese Patent No. 4108682

  In the inventions disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, since the ventilation layer is provided on the entire wall corresponding to the outer peripheral wall of the building, there is a problem that the amount of air flow is large, and in Patent Document 1, the ventilation fan in the shed is of a large capacity It is necessary to. In Patent Document 2, an exhaust fan that exhausts indoor air is installed. However, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the dehumidifier in order to prevent dehumidification in the internal ventilation layer and under the floor arranged around the entire circumference of the building. is there.

The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and specify the structure of the air passage and the passage area value in consideration of the arrangement state of the wall body, while reducing the air flow rate. It is intended to reduce the temperature gradient in the wall, and to reduce internal condensation in the specific wall, preferably with the adoption of a small blower. Desirably, the wall of the building differs in the occurrence of internal condensation on the south side and the north side. Therefore, it is intended to perform different ventilation control according to the arrangement of the wall. Furthermore, a low-humidity air of a predetermined temperature is blown to the inner and outer surfaces of the heat insulating mat covered with a moisture-proof sheet that is enclosed so as to densely fill the space surrounded by the base and the torso or pillar. It is intended to reduce the temperature gradient on the inner and outer surfaces of the heat insulating material mat, and to greatly reduce internal dew condensation that occurs in the wall.

In order to achieve the above object, the building ventilation structure of the present invention surrounds the building with the base, pillar, trunk, and, if necessary, each floor hole on each floor. The ventilation path is formed as described above, and the wind generated by one or several blowers is caused to flow as an air flow in the ventilation path , exhausted into the roof space of the enclosure, and exhausted outside the building . In the ventilation structure ,
A low-humidity wind of a predetermined temperature is blown to the inner and outer surfaces of the heat insulating material mat covered with a moisture-proof sheet that is packed so as to densely fill the space surrounded by the base and the trunk or the pillar, The temperature gradient on the inner and outer surfaces of the heat insulating material mat is reduced.

Wherein the each vent passage insulation material mat in the housing, it is preferable that the air flow along the inner and outer surfaces of the insulation material mat is increased within each vent passage.

  It is preferable to provide an open / close control (open / close valve, check valve) in any one of the ventilation paths to control the flow of air.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the ventilation from the said ventilation source is distributed through the path | route middle, and is supplied via the ventilation path | route which became independent to each ventilation communication hole formed in the base.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the communication hole formed in the base or the horizontal member has a shape in which the exhaust side is gradually widened.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to individually control the amount of air blown in the walls of each part of the building with a small amount of air flow, thereby identifying a wall that is susceptible to internal condensation, and the temperature gradient in the wall. Can be adjusted individually to make it smaller, thereby producing the effect of suppressing the occurrence of internal dew condensation in the wall of each part in the building.

The front view which abbreviate | omitted and showed the frame structure of the whole building incorporating the ventilation structure of the building of this invention, and the one part. The perspective view which showed typically the structure of ventilation structure and the ventilation state in a horizontal member. The perspective view of the principal part which showed typically the other example of the ventilation state in the horizontal member shown in FIG. The expanded perspective view of the principal part which showed typically the ventilation state in the horizontal member shown in FIG. 2, and the relationship with a reinforcement member. The expanded fragmentary sectional view which showed typically the structure and ventilation state of the ventilation structure in the wall of a building. The expansion perspective view which showed typically the ventilation unit installed under a floor. The expanded explanatory view showing one embodiment of the ventilation course formed in a horizontal member. The expanded explanatory view which showed other embodiment which attached the ventilation fan to the ventilation path of the horizontal member. The perspective view which abbreviate | omitted partially showing other embodiment of the ventilation path | route in a wall body, and the ventilation | gas_flowing state typically. The perspective view which abbreviate | omitted partially showing other embodiment of the ventilation path | route in a wall body, and the ventilation | gas_flowing state typically. The perspective view which abbreviate | omitted partially showing other embodiment of the ventilation path | route in a wall body, and the ventilation | gas_flowing state typically.

  Hereinafter, a basic structure as one embodiment of a building ventilation structure of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a frame diagram showing the overall configuration of a wooden frame structure building 1 incorporating an embodiment of a building ventilation structure 10 (hereinafter simply referred to as a ventilation structure 10) according to the present invention. FIG. 2 shows the relationship in the depth direction between the base and the girder 4 as the horizontal member that supports the second floor and the eaves girder 6 that supports the roof material 5 that are installed on the upper part of the first floor pillar 3 (31). It is the perspective view shown as follows. FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view showing a detailed configuration of the wall body 8 (81) of the first floor portion.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the ventilation structure 10 according to the present invention extends from the foundation F to the base 2, the torso 4, and the eaves girder 6, and is installed on the wall body 8 of each part that becomes the outer periphery of the building 1. . On the foundation F of the building 1, a blower unit 20 (see FIG. 4 described later) of the ventilation structure 10 of the present invention is installed. A plurality of secondary air blowing hoses 24 are piped from the air blowing unit 20 to the inner surface side position of the base 2. The secondary blower hose 24 is connected to an air supply port (not shown) of the communication hole 2 </ b> A of the base 2. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of communication holes 2A (first communication holes) are formed at predetermined intervals between adjacent pillars 3 (31). In the present embodiment, two communication holes 2A are formed between the columns. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, these communication holes 2 </ b> A have a substantially L shape that connects the inner surface side and the upper surface of the base 2, and a corner portion to which the straight pipe is connected has a loose curvature, The loss at the time of ventilation is reduced. In the present embodiment, a circular hole of φ18 mm is employed as the communication hole 2A, but it is preferable that the hole diameter and the number are appropriately determined according to the set air flow rate. In this communication hole 2A and each other communication hole (described later), although not shown, an open / close control device such as an open / close valve and a check valve is set to control air volume and open / close the hole. It is possible to secure the flow, increase the efficiency of avoiding dew condensation, adjust the air flow rate and ensure the durability of the equipment, and respond to customer requests.

  Furthermore, a plurality of communication holes 4A (second communication holes) are also formed in the trunk 4 as a horizontal member laid between the first floor and the second floor. In addition, a plurality of eaves beams 6 as horizontal members erected on the upper part of the second floor pillar 3 (32) are also formed with communication holes 6A (third communication holes). The communication hole 4A (not shown, but the communication hole 6A is the same) is, as shown in FIG. 2A, the end 4-4 of the trunk 4 (eave beam material 6) and / or the vicinity of the pillar 3. Is provided to avoid a decrease in the strength of the barrel 4. Moreover, as shown to FIGS. 2-2, the fall of the intensity | strength of the trunk 4 is avoided by inserting the reinforcement member C provided with the annular body and the space. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the communication hole 4 </ b> A serves to guide the internal air that has risen in the first-floor wall body 8 into the second-floor wall body 8 (82). The communication hole 6 </ b> A plays a role of guiding the internal air that has risen in the second-floor wall body 81 to the cabin 7. In the present embodiment, each of the communication holes 2A, 4A, 6A (first communication hole, second communication hole, third communication hole) is a circular hole having the same diameter, and a column 3 ( 31 and 32) are arranged at equal intervals so that the axial center of the hole passes. These hole diameters and the number of arrangements between the adjacent pillars 3 can be appropriately determined according to the set air volume in each wall body 8. For example, in FIG. 1, the left side shows the south surface and the right side shows the north surface in FIG. 1, but when it is assumed that the room R1 located on the north surface side is not used much, the room temperature is low in winter. Tend to be. In that case, it is preferable to reduce the temperature gradient between the outer wall and the inner wall of the wall 8 that is the outer wall surface of the north surface. For this purpose, the number of holes provided in the communication hole 4A is reduced, and the number of connections of the secondary blower hose 24 to be described later is reduced to adjust the amount of warm air blown. Depending on whether the air flow is controlled by control (open / close valve, check valve) or the air flow is controlled by opening / closing control of the secondary blower hose 24 of the blower described later. Can do.

  Here, the ventilation state in the wall in the ventilation structure 10 of this invention is demonstrated with reference to FIG. 2, FIG. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating a detailed configuration of the wall body 8 illustrated in FIG. 1 and a ventilation state in the wall body 8. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the wall structure of this wooden frame structure includes a heat insulating mat 12 having a thickness that fits within the column width between the columns between the base 2 and the torso 4. The mat has a structure in which both surfaces of the mat are covered with a predetermined wall material. The heat insulating material mat 12 is a standard mat in which a waterproof and heat insulating bag is filled with a highly heat insulating material such as glass wool. As shown in FIG. 3, each heat insulating material mat 12 is stored so as to densely fill the space surrounded by the base 2, the trunk 4, and the pillar 3. Further, a moisture-proof sheet 13 is stretched on the indoor surface side so as to cover the heat insulating mat 12. On the outer surface, an interior board 35 such as a wooden board is constructed. On the other hand, the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 14 is stretched on the outer surface side so as to be pressed by the vertical trunk edge 36 so as to cover the heat insulating material mat 12. An outer wall material 37 such as siding is attached to the outer surface of the vertical trunk edge 36. Therefore, the outer ventilation path 9 corresponding to the thickness of the trunk edge is formed between the outer wall member 37 and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14. A base parting 38 is provided at the lower end of the outer ventilation path 9, and a ventilation parting 39 is provided at the upper end.

  In FIG. 3, the ventilation structure 10 of the present invention has an internal ventilation path between the first communication hole 2 </ b> A formed in the base 2 of the wall structure described above and the second communication hole 4 </ b> A formed in the trunk 4. 11 (111) is formed. In this example, the internal ventilation path 11 is formed by housing the heat insulating material mat 12 between the moisture-proof sheet 13 on the interior board 35 (inside the wall body) and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14 on the outer wall material 37 (outside the wall body). . Therefore, the air from the first communication hole 2 </ b> A of the base 2 can be raised to the trunk 4 through the internal ventilation path 11. Further, on the second floor, as shown in FIG. 2, the space between the trunk 4 and the third communication hole 6 </ b> A formed in the eaves 6 that supports a part of the roof material 5 is the internal ventilation path 11 (112). To play a role. Then, the air flow that has risen up to the back of the hut 7 through the internal ventilation path 11 is exhausted outside the building 1 through a parting or ventilation opening formed under the eaves of the roof or on the wife surface (not shown).

  The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14 stretched on the wall surface of the external ventilation path 9 can prevent the heat insulating material mat 12 from getting wet even when rainwater enters the external ventilation path 9, but has moisture permeability. For this reason, it is impossible to prevent the heat insulating material mat 12 from absorbing external moisture during rain. When a temperature difference occurs between the inner and outer surfaces of the heat-insulating mat 12 with moisture, internal condensation may occur on the side surfaces of the pillars 3 and the upper surface of the base 2, and the decay of the wood may proceed. In order to avoid such a state, the temperature gradient on the inner and outer surfaces of the heat insulating mat 12 can be reduced by blowing low-humidity air at a predetermined temperature on the inner and outer surfaces of the heat insulating mat 12. Thereby, the internal dew condensation which arises in a wall body can be reduced significantly.

  Further, in winter, a relatively high temperature heat insulation layer is formed in the wall body by blowing a relatively high temperature and low temperature wind into the wall body to warm the insulation mat 12 and then stopping and blocking the air flow into the wall body. Can also be formed.

  Here, the ventilation unit 20 used for the ventilation structure 10 and the attached member of the ventilation unit 20 are demonstrated with reference to FIG. The blower unit 20 used in the embodiment of the ventilation structure 10 of the present invention includes a blower 21 arranged under the floor, a distribution box 22 that distributes primary blown air from the blower 21 as secondary blown air to each base 2, and 1 The secondary blower hose 23 and the secondary blower hose 24 are configured. In addition, although not shown in figure, the air blower 21 (blower, ventilation fan, fan) can also be installed in the shed 7. Moreover, it is also possible to provide the blower 21 in both the under floor and the shed 7.

  In the present invention, the total amount of air blowing is small even considering the secondary air blowing, and since it is installed under the floor of the living space, a small, low-output, quiet and low vibration type blower is used among the existing products. The distribution box 22 is in the shape of a flat steel box as shown in the figure, and each side plate 22a has a punching press processed weakening that can be punched to form openings (circular holes) equal to the diameter of the secondary blower hose 24. 16 portions 22b are arranged on each surface in two upper and lower stages. Of these arranged weakened portions 22b, a portion where the secondary blower hose 24 is connected may be pushed out to provide an opening, and the end of the secondary blower hose 24 may be connected via a resin connector (not shown). . As described above, the secondary blower hose 24 is piped in a number that can secure the amount of blown air necessary for each wall body 8 according to the arrangement, structure, usage, and the like of the building 1. Therefore, when the distribution box 22 is installed, an opening may be provided in the side plate 22a at a position that matches the piping position and direction of the secondary blower hose 24.

  In addition, as equipment attached to the blower 21, a temperature controller and a dehumidifier for adjusting the temperature and humidity of the primary blower from the blower 21, a temperature and humidity control device as a control unit thereof, and a temperature and humidity control device, respectively. It is also possible to precisely control the air blowing state in the wall body by providing a sensor group that transmits temperature and humidity information of the wall body portion.

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a processing example of a ventilation path (communication hole) formed in the trunk 4 and the eaves girder 6 as horizontal members. FIG. 5A shows a processing example in which a conical widening hole 4b is formed from the upper surface side by reaming a through hole 4a (φ18) provided so as to penetrate vertically. Thus, by gradually widening the exhaust side of the ventilation path, the updraft can be efficiently sent to a wide range of the inner and outer surfaces of the heat insulating mat 12 (not shown) located above the horizontal member. . FIG. 5B shows a processing example in which a slit-like flat funnel-shaped widening hole 4c having a substantially isosceles triangular shape when viewed from the side is formed. By adopting such a shape, efficient ascending airflow can be secured, and the cross-sectional defect of the horizontal member can be minimized to ensure the member strength.

  FIG. 6 shows, as another embodiment, each ventilation path 4a (6a) formed in the eaves girder 6 or the gut 4 as a horizontal member instead of the blower system by the blower 21 and the distribution box 22 shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which showed the example which attached the small fan 40 to the exhaust side (upper surface of a member). For comparison, the figure shows a state where a small fan 40 is installed on the exhaust side of one ventilation path. The small fan 40 functions as an intake fan, and can inhale the air in the lower space through the ventilation path 4a (6a) of the horizontal member 4 (6) by the rotation of the fan 40a. Since this small fan 40 has a small power consumption, it can be DC driven by power generation by a small solar cell panel 41. In this embodiment, since the small fans 40 are installed in the individual ventilation paths 4a (6a), it is expected that maintenance such as replacement of the fan main body is performed. It is preferable to secure an inspection space for the small fans 40 arranged above. In addition, the solar cell panel 41 mentioned above can utilize what was installed in the roof of a house. In that case, a wiring network is provided in the back space of the cabin, and a plurality of small fans 40 installed on the eaves girder can be driven efficiently.

  In the above description, an example is given in which air is blown using a small fan, but in the present invention, since the amount of air sent to the internal ventilation path is small, a Peltier device based on a heat sink is used as an alternative means on the wall surface. By arranging and energizing to generate a temperature difference in the ventilation path, an air flow due to the temperature difference can be generated. In addition, by using the underground temperature with a small yearly difference, an underground heat exchange part with an air supply pipe installed in the ground below the foundation is provided, and the heat (cold heat) obtained in this underground heat exchange part is supplied to the air supply pipe. It is also possible to supply the internal ventilation path via the air and efficiently ventilate the building.

  7-9 has shown the example using the polystyrene foam heat insulating board 50 as other embodiment of a heat insulating material mat. In these embodiments, taking FIG. 7 as an example, an internal ventilation path surrounded by the base 2 and the pillar 3 (31) and the trunk 4 or between the trunk 4 and the pillar 3 (32) and the eaves 6 is provided. A polystyrene foam heat insulating plate 50 having a predetermined thickness is fitted so as to cover the corresponding wall space portion. As this polystyrene foam heat insulation board 50, the synthetic member which bonded the polystyrene foam main body and the plywood together is used. This makes it possible to improve the earthquake resistance by the wall portion. Further, as shown in each drawing, each heat insulating plate is formed with a vent pipe 51 (512) of each shape. This embodiment is intended to improve the strength of the wall body 8, for example.

On the first floor, between the first communication hole 2A of the base 2 and the second communication hole 4A of the trunk 4, the air fed from the base 2 side is raised to the trunk 4 through the ventilation pipe 512. On the second floor, a ventilation pipe 511 is formed between the second communication hole 4A of the trunk 4 and the third communication hole 6A of the eaves girder 6. Accordingly, the first communication hole 2A, the second communication holes 4A, and a vent line 51, a second communication hole 4A, the third communication hole 4A, and from the ground 2 side to attic 7 via the vent line 511 An air flow having a predetermined air volume can be increased. The generation of internal dew condensation at the wall portion in which the heat insulating plate is fitted can be suppressed by this air flow. Furthermore, a pleasant sound is created by the air flow rising in the ventilation duct 51. By transmitting this sound to the indoor side, an effect of being able to obtain a feeling of comfort in the living space can be expected.

  The above-described vent pipe 51 is formed as a circular pipe path in the heat insulating plate by forming semicircular grooves with a semicircular cross section on the opposing surfaces of the two polystyrene foam plates, respectively, and matching them. FIG. 7 shows an example in which two vent pipes 51 are provided in a brace shape. By adopting such a shape, the extension of the ventilation path can be extended, and the temperature gradient inside and outside the wall part is effectively caused by the air flow rising inside the heat insulating plate as the internal ventilation path from the foundation to the eaves girder Can be made smaller. In the figure, arrows indicate the flow of airflow (the same applies to other examples).

  The ventilation pipe 51 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 has a shorter path than the ventilation pipe 51 shown in FIG. Thereby, the cross-sectional defect | deletion of a heat insulation board can be made small, and the rigidity fall of a heat insulation board can be suppressed. In addition, the shape of the air duct 51 is a straight pipe shape (FIG. 8) and a curved pipe (FIG. 9), so that it is possible to change the tone and height of the sound generated by the air flow, in response to customer demands. It is also possible to obtain practicality.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope indicated in each claim. In other words, embodiments obtained by combining technical means appropriately changed within the scope of the claims are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Building 2 Base 3 Pillar 4 Trunk 5 Roof material 6 Eaves girder 7 Hut back 8 Wall body 9 External ventilation path 10 Ventilation structure 11 Internal ventilation path 12 Thermal insulation mat 20 Blower unit 21 Blower 24 Secondary ventilation hose 50 Polystyrene foam insulation Board 51 Vent line

Claims (5)

Form a ventilation path so as to surround this building at each communication hole opened on the floor material of each floor, if necessary, the base of the building's frame , pillars, torches, one inside this ventilation path , Or in the ventilation structure of the building that flows the wind generated by several blowers as an air flow, exhausts it into the roof space of the enclosure, and exhausts it outside the building ,
A low-humidity wind of a predetermined temperature is blown to the inner and outer surfaces of the heat insulating material mat covered with a moisture-proof sheet that is packed so as to densely fill the space surrounded by the base and the trunk or the pillar, Ventilation structure of the building that is configured to reduce the temperature gradient on the inside and outside surfaces of this insulation mat . Wherein the heat insulating material mat within each vent passage is accommodated, ventilation structure of a building according to claim 1 which is adapted the air flow along the inner and outer surfaces of the insulation material mat is increased within each vent passage.   The building ventilation structure according to claim 1, wherein an opening / closing control (an opening / closing valve or a check valve) is provided in any one of the ventilation paths to control an air flow.   The blast from the blast source is distributed in the middle of the route, and is supplied to each blast communication hole formed in the base via an independent blast route. The ventilation structure of the building described in 1.   The building ventilation structure according to claim 1, wherein the communication hole formed in the base or the horizontal member has a shape in which the exhaust side is gradually widened.