JP5872747B1 - 表面被覆切削工具 - Google Patents
表面被覆切削工具 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5872747B1 JP5872747B1 JP2015554923A JP2015554923A JP5872747B1 JP 5872747 B1 JP5872747 B1 JP 5872747B1 JP 2015554923 A JP2015554923 A JP 2015554923A JP 2015554923 A JP2015554923 A JP 2015554923A JP 5872747 B1 JP5872747 B1 JP 5872747B1
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- layer
- residual stress
- thickness
- base material
- cutting tool
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 197
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 366
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910010060 TiBN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 39
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 30
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010037 TiAlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010055 TiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910034327 TiC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008482 TiSiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoniazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23B2224/28—Titanium carbide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
- B23B2224/36—Titanium nitride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23B2228/04—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner applied by chemical vapour deposition [CVD]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/08—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner applied by physical vapour deposition [PVD]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23B2228/105—Coatings with specified thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23C—MILLING
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- B23C2228/10—Coating
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
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- Drilling Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Description
最初に本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。なお、本明細書の結晶学的記載においては、個別面を()で示す。また、本明細書において「A〜B」という形式の表記は、範囲の上限下限(すなわちA以上B以下)を意味しており、Aにおいて単位の記載がなく、Bにおいてのみ単位が記載されている場合、Aの単位とBの単位とは同じである。また本明細書において、「TiN」、「TiCN」等の化学式において特に原子比を特定していないものは、各元素の原子比が「1」のみであることを示すものではなく、従来公知の原子比が全て含まれるものとする。
以下、本発明の一実施形態(以下「本実施形態」と記す)について説明するが、本実施形態はこれらに限定されるものではない。
図1を参照し、本実施形態の表面被覆切削工具10(以下、単に「工具10」と記す)は、すくい面1と、逃げ面2と、すくい面1と逃げ面2とが交差する刃先稜線部3とを有する。すなわち、すくい面1と逃げ面2とは、刃先稜線部3を挟んで繋がる面である。刃先稜線部3は、工具10の切刃先端部を構成する。このような工具10の形状は、後述する基材の形状に依拠する。
図2を参照し、本実施形態の基材11は、すくい面11aと、逃げ面11bと、すくい面11aと逃げ面11bとが交差する刃先稜線部11cとを有する。すくい面11a、逃げ面11b、および刃先稜線部11cは、工具10のすくい面1、逃げ面2、および刃先稜線部3を構成する。
本実施形態の被膜12は、以下に詳述するα−Al2O3層を少なくとも1層含む。被膜12は、このα−Al2O3層を含む限り、他の層を含むことができる。他の層の組成は特に限定されず、TiC、TiN、TiB、TiBN、TiAlN、TiSiN、AlCrN、TiAlSiN、TiAlNO、AlCrSiCN、TiCN、TiCNO、TiSiC、CrSiN、AlTiSiCOまたはTiSiCN等を挙げることができる。その積層の順も特に限定されない。
本実施形態のα−Al2O3層16は、複数のα−Al2O3(結晶構造がα型である酸化アルミニウム)の結晶粒を含んだ層である。すなわち、この層は、多結晶のα−Al2O3により構成される。通常この結晶粒は、約50〜3000nm程度の大きさの粒径を有する。
加速電圧:6kV
照射角度:α−Al2O3層表面の法線方向(すなわち該切断面におけるα−Al2O3層の厚み方向に平行となる直線方向)から0°
照射時間:6時間。
本実施形態において、α−Al2O3層16は、好ましくは3〜25μmの厚みを有する。これにより、上記のような優れた効果を発揮することができる。その厚みは、より好ましくは3〜22μmであり、さらに好ましくは3〜10μmである。
本実施形態のα−Al2O3層16は、その厚み方向に変化する応力分布を有し、α−Al2O3層16の上面16a側(すなわち表面側)が圧縮残留応力を有し、α−Al2O3層16の下面16b側(すなわち基材側)が引張残留応力を有することが好ましい。このようなα−Al2O3層16は、切削加工時に衝撃がダイレクトに加わる上面16a側において、より高い硬度を有することができ、α−Al2O3層16の耐密着性に大きく関与する下面16b側において、より高い密着性を有することができる。これは、上面16a側に圧縮残留応力を有することによって、層の硬度が高くなる傾向があり、下面16b側に引張残留応力を有することによって、下面16b側のα−Al2O3層16と基材11との応力差が小さくなる傾向があるためである。
図3に戻り、本実施形態に係る被膜12は、基材11とα−Al2O3層16との間に第1中間層14としてのTiCN層を有する。TiCN層は耐摩耗性に優れているため、これにより被膜12の耐摩耗性をさらに向上させることができる。
図3を参照し、本実施形態に係る被膜12は、第1中間層14とα−Al2O3層16との間に第2中間層15を有する。図6に示されるように、第2中間層15は針状結晶から構成されることが好ましい。
図3を参照し、本実施形態に係る被膜12は、基材11と接する下地層13を有する。下地層13として、たとえばTiN層を用いることにより、基材11と被膜12との密着性をさらに高めることができる。
本実施形態に係る被膜12は、α−Al2O3層16上に、表面層を有していてもよい。表面層は、TiC層、TiN層、またはTiB2層であることが好ましい。α−Al2O3層16の上面16a側は、(001)面の高い配向性を有するが、このようなα−Al2O3層16上に形成されたTiC層、TiN層、およびTiB2層は、断続切削時時の亀裂伝搬抑制に特に効果がある。したがって、このような組成の表面層を有する被膜12は、靭性向上の点で有利である。なかでも、TiN層は色彩が明瞭な金色を呈するため、切削使用後の刃先の識別が容易であり、経済性の観点で有利である。
上述の本実施形態に係る工具10は、基材11の表面に被膜12を作製することにより製造することができる。被膜12は、図7に例示する化学気相蒸着(CVD)装置を用いたCVD法により形成することができる。
まず、試料No.1の作製について説明する。基材として、TaC(2.0質量%)、NbC(1.0質量%)、Co(10.0質量%)およびWC(残部)からなる組成(ただし不可避不純物を含む)の超硬合金製切削チップ(形状:CNMG120408N−UX、住友電工ハードメタル株式会社製、JIS B4120(2013))を準備した。準備した基材に対し、CVD装置を用いて、下地層、第1中間層、第2中間層、α−Al2O3層および表面層をこの順に形成させて、基材の表面に被膜を作製した。各層の形成条件を以下に示す。なお、各ガス組成に続く括弧内は、各ガスの流量(l/min)を示す。
ガス:TiCl4(5)、N2(15)、H2(45)
圧力および温度:130hPaおよび900℃。
ガス:TiCl4(10)、N2(15)、CH3CN(1.0)、H2(85)
圧力および温度:90hPaおよび860℃(MT−CVD法)。
ガス:TiCl4(0.003)、CH4(2.2)、N2(6.7)、CO(0.5)、HCl(1.5)、H2(40)
圧力および温度:180hPaおよび1010℃。
(1)第1のα−Al2O3形成工程のCVD条件
ガス:AlCl3(2.5)、CO2(1.3)、H2S(0.4)、H2(40)
圧力および温度:80hPaおよび1000℃
(2)第2のα−Al2O3形成工程のCVD条件
ガス:AlCl3(3)、CO2(1.0)、H2S(1.4)、H2(38)
圧力および温度:80hPaおよび1000℃。
ガス:TiCl4(9)、BCl3(1.0)、HCl(0.6)、H2(30)
圧力および温度:70hPaおよび1000℃。
一方、試料No.13〜20においては、上層部における(001)面配向性結晶粒の占める面積割合が90%以上であり、かつ下層部における(001)面配向性結晶粒の占める面積割合が50%以下である、という条件を満たすものはなかった。
各試料のチップを、型番PCLNR2525−43(住友電気工業株式会社製)のバイトにセットし、これを用いて合金鋼の繰り返し旋削加工による耐欠損性の評価を行った。
切削速度:120m/min
切り込み量:2.0mm
切削油:なし。
各試料のチップを、型番PCLNR2525−43(住友電気工業株式会社製)のバイトにセットし、これを用いて合金鋼の繰り返し旋削加工による耐摩耗性の評価を行った。
切削速度:280m/min
切り込み量:2.0mm
送り量:0.2mm/rev
切削油:水溶性油。
Claims (7)
- 基材と、該基材上に形成された被膜とを備える表面被覆切削工具であって、
前記被膜は、複数のα−Al2O3の結晶粒を含むα−Al2O3層を有し、
前記α−Al2O3層は、その厚み方向において、基材側に位置し、かつ1μmの厚みを有する下層部と、前記基材側と反対の表面側に位置し、かつ2μmの厚みを有する上層部と、を含み、
前記α−Al2O3層の表面の法線を含む平面で前記α−Al2O3層を切断したときの断面に対し、電界放射型走査顕微鏡を用いた電子後方散乱回折像解析によって前記結晶粒のそれぞれの結晶方位を特定し、これに基づいたカラーマップを作成した場合に、
前記カラーマップにおいて、
前記上層部は、(001)面の法線方向が前記α−Al2O3層の表面の法線方向に対して±10°以内となる前記結晶粒の占める面積が90%以上であり、
前記下層部は、(001)面の法線方向が前記α−Al2O3層の表面の法線方向に対して±10°以内となる前記結晶粒の占める面積が50%以下であり、
前記α−Al 2 O 3 層は、さらに、その厚み方向に変化する応力分布を有し、
前記α−Al 2 O 3 層の前記表面側は圧縮残留応力を有し、
前記α−Al 2 O 3 層の前記基材側は引張残留応力を有する、表面被覆切削工具。 - 前記応力分布は、
前記表面側から前記基材側に向けて、前記圧縮残留応力の絶対値が連続的に大きくなる第1領域と、
前記第1領域よりも前記基材側に位置し、かつ前記表面側から前記基材側に向けて、前記圧縮残留応力の絶対値が連続的に小さくなって前記引張残留応力に転じ、引き続き、前記転じた引張残留応力の絶対値が連続的に大きくなる第2領域と、を有し、
前記第1領域と前記第2領域とは、前記圧縮残留応力の絶対値が最も大きくなる中間点を介して連続する、請求項1に記載の表面被覆切削工具。 - 基材と、該基材上に形成された被膜とを備える表面被覆切削工具であって、
前記被膜は、複数のα−Al 2 O 3 の結晶粒を含むα−Al 2 O 3 層を有し、
前記α−Al 2 O 3 層は、その厚み方向において、基材側に位置し、かつ1μmの厚みを有する下層部と、前記基材側と反対の表面側に位置し、かつ2μmの厚みを有する上層部と、を含み、
前記α−Al 2 O 3 層の表面の法線を含む平面で前記α−Al 2 O 3 層を切断したときの断面に対し、電界放射型走査顕微鏡を用いた電子後方散乱回折像解析によって前記結晶粒のそれぞれの結晶方位を特定し、これに基づいたカラーマップを作成した場合に、
前記カラーマップにおいて、
前記上層部は、(001)面の法線方向が前記α−Al 2 O 3 層の表面の法線方向に対して±10°以内となる前記結晶粒の占める面積が90%以上であり、
前記下層部は、(001)面の法線方向が前記α−Al 2 O 3 層の表面の法線方向に対して±10°以内となる前記結晶粒の占める面積が50%以下であり、
前記α−Al 2 O 3 層は、さらに、その厚み方向に変化する応力分布を有し、
前記応力分布は、
前記表面側から前記基材側に向けて、圧縮残留応力の絶対値が連続的に大きくなる第1領域と、
前記第1領域よりも前記基材側に位置し、かつ前記表面側から前記基材側に向けて、前記圧縮残留応力の絶対値が連続的に小さくなって引張残留応力に転じ、引き続き、前記転じた引張残留応力の絶対値が連続的に大きくなる第2領域と、を有し、
前記第1領域と前記第2領域とは、前記圧縮残留応力の絶対値が最も大きくなる中間点を介して連続する、表面被覆切削工具。 - 前記α−Al2O3層において、前記圧縮残留応力の絶対値は1000MPa以下であり、前記引張残留応力の絶対値は2000MPa以下である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
- 前記被膜は、前記基材と前記α−Al2O3層との間に第1中間層を含み、
前記第1中間層は、TiCN層である、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の表面被覆切削工具。 - 前記被膜は、前記第1中間層と前記α−Al2O3層との間に第2中間層を含み、
前記第2中間層は、TiCNO層またはTiBN層であり、
前記第2中間層の最大厚みと最小厚みとの差は、0.3μm以上である、請求項5に記載の表面被覆切削工具。 - 前記被膜は、最表面に位置する表面層を含み、
前記表面層は、TiC層、TiN層またはTiB2層である、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
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CN112672839A (zh) * | 2018-09-05 | 2021-04-16 | 京瓷株式会社 | 涂层刀具及切削刀具 |
CN112672839B (zh) * | 2018-09-05 | 2024-02-23 | 京瓷株式会社 | 涂层刀具及切削刀具 |
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JPWO2017037796A1 (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
CN106660138B (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
KR20180016238A (ko) | 2018-02-14 |
US9828254B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
EP3296044A4 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
KR102027028B1 (ko) | 2019-09-30 |
CN106660138A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
US20170190591A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
EP3296044A1 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
EP3296044B1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
WO2017037796A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
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