JP5738643B2 - Installation method of offshore wind power generation equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for constructing a spar-type offshore wind power generation facility installed on a relatively deep sea.

  Conventionally, power generation methods such as hydropower, thermal power, and nuclear power generation have been mainly employed, but in recent years, wind power generation that generates power using natural wind has attracted attention from the viewpoint of effective use of the environment and natural energy. There are two types of wind power generation facilities: land-based and water-based (mainly sea-based). In Japan, where mountainous landforms are located behind the coast, there are few plains where stable wind can be expected in the coast. It is in. On the other hand, Japan is surrounded on all sides by the sea, and it has the advantage that the wind suitable for power generation can be easily obtained and there are few restrictions on installation. In recent years, therefore, many offshore wind power generation facilities or floating structures have been proposed.

  For example, in Patent Document 1 below, a lower floating body in which upper and lower lid bodies and a cylindrical precast concrete block continuously installed between them are integrally joined with a PC steel material, and a PC steel material on the lower floating body. The upper float is composed of a precast concrete block having a smaller diameter than the precast concrete block and the upper lid, and a plurality of ballast tanks are formed inside the lower float by a partition wall inside the upper float. Has proposed a floating structure for offshore wind power generation in which a plurality of watertight compartments are formed by partition walls. Since this patent document 1 floats in a standing state like a fishing float, it is called a “spar type”.

JP 2009-18671 A

  When installing a wind power generation tower on the spar type floating body, it is desirable to work in a bay where the waves are calm, but the floating body's inundation (the part below the surface of the water) is about 70m deep, while Because it is generally shallower than this, construction in the bay was difficult. For this reason, tower installation work must be performed outside the bay where the water depth is deep, but when it is performed outside the bay, the waves are higher than in the bay. Since attaching the tower to the floating body and the crane ship have different rocking characteristics with respect to waves, attaching the tower to the floating body is extremely difficult and dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to select a period when the waves are calm, so the number of construction days per year is limited, the waiting time of heavy machinery is prolonged and costs increase, and multiple windmills like wind farms are installed. In the case of installation, it was necessary to assemble a fleet of a plurality of crane ships and work ships and send them to an offshore installation location.

  On the other hand, if a spat barge is used as a crane ship, at least swaying of the barge can be suppressed, but the maximum depth of application is only about 15 m because the offshore installation location of wind power generation facilities is close to 100 m. Spat trolleys are not available. On the other hand, to make it possible to work in bays where the water depth is shallow, a method of making the floating body shallower except for ballast water inside the floating body is conceivable. It was dangerous to install a tower against such a floating body because it would be damaged.

  Therefore, a main problem of the present invention is to provide a construction method for offshore wind power generation equipment that enables easy and safe installation on the ocean and reduces construction costs.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention according to claim 1 includes a floating body, a mooring line connected to the floating body, a tower erected on the floating body, and a nacelle provided at the top of the tower. And an offshore wind power generation facility construction method comprising a plurality of windmill blades,
The floating body includes a bottomed cylindrical ballast portion, a lower concrete floating structure portion connected to the upper surface of the ballast portion, and an upper steel floating structure connected to the upper side of the lower concrete floating structure portion. The upper steel floating structure is an opening, and is a spar type floating structure in which a hollow portion is formed without partitioning from the opening of the upper end to the ballast, and the tower Can be accommodated inside the floating body,
A first procedure in which the floating body is floated sideways on the sea in a state in which the opening at the upper end of the upper steel floating body structure is closed, and is transported to a place where the floating body is raised by a tow ship ;
When arriving at the standing place, the floating body is erected upright by pouring ballast water into the floating body , and then the minerals including sand, gravel, barite, metal powder, and metals including metal particles A second procedure in which a powdered ballast material having a specific gravity higher than that of water composed of one or a combination of the above is put into the floating body ;
A third procedure for landing the floating body by injecting ballast water after towing the floating body in a sea area shallower than an offshore installation location;
Once the floating body is bottomed, the tower lifting equipment is installed on the floating body, the tower is installed by a crane ship, and the tower is lowered by the tower lifting equipment, with the tip of the tower protruding from the floating body. 4th procedure to house in ,
Again float the floating body by draining the ballast water, and a fifth procedure for towed to offshore installation site by towing vessel,
If ballast water is injected into the floating body to adjust the flooding, a sixth procedure for stabilizing the floating body by securing one end of the mooring line to the floating body and securing the other end to an anchor sunk on the sea floor;
A seventh step of attaching the windmill blade;
There is provided an offshore wind power generation facility construction method comprising: an eighth step of raising the tower by the tower elevating equipment and fixing the tower at a normal height position .

The invention described in claim 1 is a first embodiment of the construction method of the offshore wind power generation facility according to the present invention. In this embodiment, especially after towing floating the in the third procedure shallower waters from offshore installation site, after bottom landing the floating body by placing the ballast water, since Te fourth procedure odor installing the tower, tower since the floating body is stabilized during installation of over, it is possible to easily and safe installation at sea. Moreover, since the stability of the floating body is increased, the construction speed is improved and the construction cost can be reduced. Furthermore, since the landing area in a relatively shallow sea area can be used repeatedly, it becomes more efficient when installing a plurality of offshore wind power generation facilities such as wind farms.

In addition, the tower can be moved up and down with respect to the floating body, and after the tower is towed to the offshore installation location with the tower accommodated in the floating body, the tower is moved to an arbitrary height by the tower lifting equipment. I try to pull it up to the position. Therefore, when towing from a landing site in a relatively shallow sea area to an offshore installation location, the tower can be accommodated inside the floating body, so that stability during towing can be ensured and safe and quick construction work can be performed. .

As the present invention according to claim 2, when it is installed the nacelle on top of the tower mounted fourth hand turn Oite according to claim 1, offshore installation a fifth hand turn Oite the floating body of claim 1, wherein method of constructing offshore wind power plant according to claim 1 Symbol placement towing to a location is provided.

In the invention according to claim 2 , the nacelle is installed at the top of the tower in a state where the floating body is settled at the bottom of the relatively shallow sea area, and then the floating body is floated and towed to the offshore installation place. As a result, work efficiency is improved, and easy and safe installation is possible.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the seventh procedure according to the first aspect, the wind turbine blade installation method according to the first aspect, wherein the wind turbine blade is attached after the nacelle is attached to the top of the tower. Provided.
The invention described in claim 3 is such that the nacelle is attached after the floating body is towed to the offshore installation location, and then the wind turbine blade is attached.

  As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an offshore wind power generation facility construction method that enables easy and safe installation on the ocean and reduces construction costs.

1 is a schematic view of an offshore wind power generation facility 1 according to the present invention. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a floating body 2. FIG. The precast cylindrical body 12 (13) is shown, (A) is a longitudinal sectional view, (B) is a plan view (a view taken along the line B-B), and (C) is a bottom view (a view taken along the line C-C). FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram (A) and (B) of tight-bonding between precast cylindrical bodies 12 (13). It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an upper steel floating body structure part. It is construction procedure figure (the 1) of offshore wind power generation equipment. It is construction procedure figure (the 2) of offshore wind power generation equipment. It is construction procedure figure (the 3) of offshore wind power generation equipment. It is construction procedure figure (the 4) of offshore wind power generation equipment. It is construction procedure figure (the 5) of offshore wind power generation equipment. It is construction procedure figure (the 6) of offshore wind power generation equipment. It is construction procedure figure (the 7) of offshore wind power generation equipment. It is construction procedure figure (the 8) of offshore wind power generation equipment. It is construction procedure figure (the 9) of offshore wind power generation equipment 1. FIG. 10 is a construction procedure diagram (part 10) of the offshore wind power generation facility 1; FIG. 11 is a construction procedure diagram (11) of the offshore wind power generation facility 1; It is construction procedure figure (the 12) of offshore wind power generation equipment 1. It is construction procedure figure (the 13) of offshore wind power generation equipment 1.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the offshore wind power generation facility 1 includes a floating body 2, a deck 3 installed on an upper portion of the floating body 2, mooring lines 4, 4... Connected to the floating body 2, and the deck 3. The tower 5 is provided on the top of the tower 5, and the nacelle 6 and the plurality of windmill blades 7, 7.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the floating body 2 is formed by stacking a plurality of precast cylindrical bodies 12 to 13 made of concrete in the height direction, and the precast cylindrical bodies 12 to 13 are tightly coupled by a PC steel material. The lower concrete floating structure 2A and the upper steel floating structure 2B connected to the upper side of the lower concrete floating structure 2A, and the bottomed hollow part having an open upper end The tower 5 can be moved up and down by a tower lifting device provided on the deck 3 at the time of construction and can be accommodated inside the floating body 2. The flooded water L of the floating body 2 is set to approximately 60 m or more in the case of a 2 MW class power generation facility.

  This will be described in more detail below.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the floating body 2 includes a bottomed cylindrical ballast portion 10, a lower concrete floating structure portion 2 </ b> A connected to the upper surface of the ballast portion 10, and the lower concrete floating structure portion. It consists of the upper steel floating body structure part 2B provided continuously on the upper side of 2A. The ballast portion 10 and the lower concrete floating structure portion 2A are all concrete precast members. A synthetic precast member 13 is interposed at the boundary between the lower concrete floating structure 2A and the upper steel floating structure 2B, and both are joined. The upper steel floating body structure portion 2B has a variable cross-sectional shape in which the outer diameter dimension is gradually reduced in the height direction. In the illustrated example, it has a two-stage variable cross-sectional shape.

  The lower concrete floating body structure portion 2 </ b> A is composed of a precast cylindrical body 12 made of concrete and a lower half portion of the synthetic precast member 13. As shown in FIG. 3, the precast cylindrical body 12 is a circular cylindrical precast member having the same cross section in the axial direction, and each is manufactured using the same mold or by centrifugal molding. The manufactured hollow precast member is used.

  In addition to the reinforcing bars 20, sheaths 21, 21... For inserting the PC steel bars 19 are embedded in the wall surface at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction. A sheath widened portion 21a is formed at the lower end of the sheaths 21, 21... So that a coupler for connecting the PC steel bars 19 can be inserted, and a fixing anchor plate is fitted on the upper portion. A box opening portion 22 is provided for installation. In addition, a plurality of suspension fittings 23 are provided on the upper surface.

  As shown in FIG. 4 (A), the precast cylindrical bodies 12 are fastened by inserting the PC steel rods 19, 19... Extended upward from the lower-stage precast cylindrical body 12 into the sheaths 21, 21. However, if the precast cylindrical bodies 12 and 12 are stacked, the anchor plate 24 is fitted into the box opening portion 22, and tension is introduced into the PC steel bar 19 by the nut member 25 to achieve integration. A grout material is injected into the sheath 21 from the grout injection hole 27. The hole 24a formed in the anchor plate 24 is a grout injection confirmation hole, and the filling of the grout material is completed when the grout material is discharged from the confirmation hole.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4 (B), when the coupler 26 is screwed into the protruding portion of the PC steel bar 19 and the upper PC steel bars 19, 19,. The PC steel rods 19, 19 are stacked while being inserted through the sheaths 21, 21 ... of the precast cylindrical body 12, and the procedure for fixing the PC steel rod 19 is sequentially repeated according to the above procedure. At this time, an adhesive 28 such as an epoxy resin or a sealing material is applied to the joint surface between the lower-stage precast tubular body 12 and the upper-stage precast tubular body 12 in order to ensure waterproofness and join the mating surfaces. .

  Next, the composite precast member 13 has a composite structure of a concrete precast tubular body 16 and a steel tubular body 17 as shown in FIG. These are manufactured integrally. The precast tubular body 16 has an outer diameter dimension obtained by reducing the thickness of the steel tubular body 17, and the lower half portion of the steel tubular body 17 is fitted on the outer periphery. The upper end surface of the precast cylindrical body 16 is a fastening surface of the PC steel rod 19.

  The upper steel floating body structure portion 2 </ b> B is composed of an upper half portion of the synthetic precast member 13 and steel tubular bodies 14 and 15. The lower-stage steel tubular body 14 has the same outer diameter as that of the synthetic precast member 13 and is connected to the synthetic precast member 13 by bolts, welding, or the like (in the illustrated example, bolt fastening). The upper-stage steel tubular body 15 has an outer diameter smaller than that of the lower-stage steel tubular body 14 and has a variable cross-sectional shape. They are connected by welding or the like (in the illustrated example, bolt fastening). The upper end of the upper steel tubular body 15 is left open, the boundary between the upper steel tubular body 15 and the lower steel tubular body 14 and the lower steel tubular body. A space is not partitioned at the boundary between 14 and the steel tubular body 17, and a hollow portion for accommodating the tower 5 is formed inside the floating body 2.

  On the other hand, the tower 5 is made of steel, concrete, or PRC (prestressed reinforced concrete). Preferably, the tower 5 is made of steel so as to reduce the total weight. The nacelle 6 is a device equipped with a generator that converts the rotation of the windmill into electricity, a controller that can automatically change the angle of the blade, and the like.

[Construction procedure]
Hereinafter, based on FIGS. 6-18, the construction procedure of the said offshore wind power generation equipment 1 is explained in full detail.

<First embodiment>
(First procedure)
On the ocean adjacent to the production yard, as shown in FIG. 6, the floating body 2 is floated sideways on the sea and towed to a standing place by a tow ship 18. In the lower concrete floating structure 2A and the upper steel floating structure 2B, the lower concrete floating structure 2A side is heavier, so the balance adjustment floating body 32 is floated and installed on the floating structure. One end of the wire fed out from the winch 33 is connected to the end of the lower concrete floating structure 2A, and the floating body 2 is adjusted to be horizontal. The upper end opening of the upper steel tubular body 15 is closed. Further, the floating body 2 may be adjusted by pouring ballast water 31 (water or seawater) in a state of being floated sideways on the sea to adjust the flooding. The standing place refers to an offshore having a depth enough to prevent the bottom surface of the floating body 2 from reaching the bottom of the sea in a state where the floating body 2 is erected, a predetermined ballast is introduced, and a predetermined flooding is ensured.

  Instead of the method of towing by the towed ship 18, although not shown, the floating body 2 may be mounted on a carriage and transported to an offshore installation location and floated on the ocean with a crane at the offshore installation location. In this case, it is preferable not to put ballast water or ballast material into the floating body 2.

(Second procedure)
As shown in FIG. 7, when arriving at the standing place, the ballast water 31 (water or seawater) is poured, and the wire is gradually fed out from the winch 33 on the balance adjusting floating body 32 to slowly The floating body 2 is raised upright. In this state, since the ballast water 31 is merely poured, the center of gravity is high and the standing floating body 2 is in an unstable state.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8, a material ship 40 equipped with a ballast material 43 and a dredger 41 equipped with a large pump 42 are disposed at this standing place. After the ballast material 43 mounted on the material ship 40 is mixed with mixed water (water or seawater) in the material ship 40, the ballast material 43 is fluidly transported to the dredger 41 through a hose extending to the dredger 41, and a large size equipped in the dredger 41. The pump 42 is put into the floating body 2 through a hose extending into the floating body 2. At the same time, surplus water inside the floating body 2 is drained by a suction pump installed in the material ship 40. The ballast material 43 injected into the floating body 2 sinks to the bottom of the floating body 2 due to the specific gravity difference. The injection of the ballast material 43 gradually increases the flooding of the floating body 2. Accordingly, the wire 2 is fed out from the winch 33 on the balance adjusting floating body 32, thereby maintaining the upright state of the floating body 2 (FIG. 9).

  As the ballast material 43, a powdery granular material having a specific gravity higher than that of water is used. Specifically, the ballast material 43 includes sand, gravel, minerals including barite, metal powder such as iron and lead, and metal particles. It is preferable that it consists of 1 type or multiple types of combinations among metals. Moreover, mortar can also be mixed suitably. By adjusting the material of the ballast material 43, the ballast material 43 having an appropriate specific gravity can be input.

(Third procedure)
As shown in FIG. 10, after floating the floating body 2 in a sea area shallower than the offshore installation location by the towed ship 18, the floating body 2 is grounded to the sea floor by injecting ballast water 31. In the shallow sea area, a place where the sea bottom is as flat as possible is selected so that the floating body 2 is as vertical as possible. Temporary mooring may be performed if necessary.

(4th procedure)
As shown in FIG. 11, when the floating body 2 is bottomed, the deck 3 is installed on the floating body 2, the tower lifting / lowering equipment 8 is installed on the floating body 2, and the tower 5 is installed by the crane ship 44. Install. In the third procedure, since the floating body 2 is bottomed and stable, it can be easily and safely installed on the ocean when the tower 5 or the like is attached. Moreover, since the stability of the floating body 2 increases, the construction speed is improved and the construction cost can be reduced. Furthermore, since the landing area in a relatively shallow sea area can be used repeatedly, it becomes more efficient when installing a plurality of offshore wind power generation facilities such as wind farms. By selecting an appropriate inlet or the like depending on the season as such a landing place, the working day can be increased, and the construction cost can be reduced. Further, since the water depth is shallower than the installation location on the ocean, the waves are relatively gentle, the stability of the crane ship 44 is relatively high, and the tower can be installed easily and safely.

  As shown in FIG. 11, for example, the tower elevating equipment 8 has center hole jacks 9, 9... Arranged around the base of the tower 5 at predetermined intervals, and one end of the PC steel wire 10 is wound around the sheave 11. Then, the center hole jack 9 is tightly connected to the lower end of the tower 5, and the tower 5 can be lowered and raised by the expansion / contraction operation of the center hole jack 9.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the tower 5 installed on the deck 3 is lowered by the tower lifting / lowering equipment 8 and is housed inside the floating body 2 with the tip protruding.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 13, the nacelle 6 is installed on the top of the tower 5 by the crane ship 44.

(5th procedure)
As shown in FIG. 14, the floating body 2 is floated again by draining the ballast water 31, and towed by the tow ship 18 to the offshore installation location. At this time, since the ballast water 31 is drained, it is easy to become unstable when the tower 5 is raised, so care must be taken.

(Sixth procedure)
As shown in FIG. 15, once the ballast water 31 is injected into the floating body 2 to adjust the flooding, one end of the mooring line 4 is tied to the floating body 2 and the other end is tied to an anchor set on the seabed. To stabilize the floating body 2.

(Seventh procedure)
As shown in FIG. 16, after installing the two wind turbine blades 7 and 7, as shown in FIG. 17, the tower 5 is slightly lifted and the remaining wind turbine blades 7 are attached. It is also possible to install the three wind turbine blades 7, 7... After the tower 5 is completely lifted.

(8th procedure)
When all the member mounting operations are completed, as shown in FIG. 18, the tower 5 is raised by the tower lifting / lowering equipment 8, and the tower 5 is fixed at a normal height position by the tower fixing base bracket 34 or the like. Complete construction.

<Second embodiment>
The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the standing work of the floating body 2 is performed from the beginning at the bottom of a relatively shallow sea area. That is, in the above first embodiment, the floating body 2 is floated sideways on the sea in the first procedure and then towed to the standing position, then the standing procedure is performed in the second procedure, and after towing in a relatively shallow sea area in the third procedure, the landing is performed. In contrast to the bottom work, in this second embodiment, after floating the floating body 2 sideways on the sea to the bottom of the relatively shallow sea, the standing work and the bottom work are collected together. It is what I do. This will be specifically described below.

(First procedure)
Similar to the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the floating body 2 is floated sideways on the sea and towed by the towed ship 18. Unlike the first embodiment, the towing destination is shallower than the offshore installation location.

  When arriving at this relatively shallow sea area, as in the first embodiment, the floating body 2 is erected in an upright state by throwing ballast into the floating body 2. Further, similarly to the first embodiment, the floating body 2 is bottomed by pouring ballast water at the same place.

  In this way, in the second embodiment, since the standing place and the landing place are the same, the towing work becomes unnecessary and the work efficiency can be further improved.

(After the second procedure)
The subsequent procedure is the same as that after the fourth procedure according to the first embodiment.

[Other examples]
(1) In the above embodiment, in the second procedure of the first embodiment (the first procedure of the second embodiment), the ballast material 43 and water or seawater mixed as the ballast to be introduced into the floating body 2 However, the excess water is drained, but a solidified body such as concrete may be added, or only water or seawater may be used. Moreover, a concrete block may be thrown into the inside, or a concrete ring may be externally fitted to the outer periphery of the concrete cylindrical body 12 on the upper side of the ballast portion 10, and these may be used in combination. In these cases, it is not necessary to drain excess water.
(2) In the above embodiment, the tower 5 can be moved up and down by the tower lifting equipment 8 and can be accommodated inside the floating body 2, but the tower 5 is directly fixed to the upper end of the floating body 2 without providing the tower lifting equipment 8. You may make it install.
(3) In the above embodiment, the nacelle 6 is attached to the top of the tower 5 at the bottom of the relatively shallow sea area. However, the nacelle 6 may be attached after the floating body 2 is towed to the offshore installation location. . On the other hand, the nacelle 6 may be attached to the top of the tower 5 in advance, and the tower 5 may be installed on the floating body 2.
(4) In the above embodiment, the tower 5 is accommodated in the floating body 2 and towed from a relatively shallow sea area to an offshore installation location. However, the tower 5 may be towed with all or part of the tower 5 protruding.
(5) In the above embodiment, the tower elevating equipment 8 has been removed, but it may be left behind so that it can be used when the tower 5 is lowered during maintenance, strong winds, and waves. Of course, you may make it install the tower raising / lowering installation 8 newly at the time of tower lowering work.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Offshore wind power generation equipment, 2 ... Floating body, 3 ... Deck, 4 ... Mooring line, 5 ... Tower, 6 ... Nacelle, 7 ... Windmill blade, 8 ... Tower raising / lowering equipment, 40 ... Material ship, 41 ... Dredger, 42 ... Large pump, 43 ... Ballast material

Claims (3)

A construction method of an offshore wind power generation facility comprising a floating body, a mooring line connected to the floating body, a tower standing on the floating body, a nacelle and a plurality of windmill blades installed at the top of the tower There,
The floating body includes a bottomed cylindrical ballast portion, a lower concrete floating structure portion connected to the upper surface of the ballast portion, and an upper steel floating structure connected to the upper side of the lower concrete floating structure portion. The upper steel floating structure is an opening, and is a spar type floating structure in which a hollow portion is formed without partitioning from the opening of the upper end to the ballast, and the tower Can be accommodated inside the floating body,
A first procedure in which the floating body is floated sideways on the sea in a state in which the opening at the upper end of the upper steel floating body structure is closed, and is transported to a place where the floating body is raised by a tow ship ;
When arriving at the standing place, the floating body is erected upright by pouring ballast water into the floating body , and then the minerals including sand, gravel, barite, metal powder, and metals including metal particles A second procedure in which a powdered ballast material having a specific gravity higher than that of water composed of one or a combination of the above is put into the floating body ;
A third procedure for landing the floating body by injecting ballast water after towing the floating body in a sea area shallower than an offshore installation location;
Once the floating body is bottomed, the tower lifting equipment is installed on the floating body, the tower is installed by a crane ship, and the tower is lowered by the tower lifting equipment, with the tip of the tower protruding from the floating body. 4th procedure to house in ,
Again float the floating body by draining the ballast water, and a fifth procedure for towed to offshore installation site by towing vessel,
If ballast water is injected into the floating body to adjust the flooding, a sixth procedure for stabilizing the floating body by securing one end of the mooring line to the floating body and securing the other end to an anchor sunk on the sea floor;
A seventh step of attaching the windmill blade;
The construction method of the offshore wind power generation equipment characterized by including the 8th procedure which raises a tower by the tower raising / lowering equipment, and fixes this tower to a regular height position . In a state where the top of the fourth hand turn tower mounted Oite of claim 1, wherein the placing the nacelle, claim 1 Symbol placement towing a fifth hand turn Oite the floating body of claim 1, wherein up to offshore installation site Method of offshore wind power generation equipment. The construction method of the offshore wind power generation facility according to claim 1, wherein the wind turbine blade is attached after the nacelle is attached to the top of the tower in the seventh procedure according to claim 1.

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