JP5723696B2 - Solar system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a solar system provided with a heating function for blowing air heated by a solar heat collecting device set on a roof into a room.

  In Patent Document 1, an air flow path having a roof gradient is formed immediately below a metal roof board of a color iron plate, and the outside air introduced into the air flow path is warmed by the roof board heated by sunlight, and is heated. A solar system is disclosed in which heated air is blown indoors through a duct by a heat collecting fan to heat indoors.

  In the solar system, when it is cold in winter or the like, an energy saving effect can be exhibited by heating that collects sunlight as described above.

JP 2005-241073 A

In Patent Document 1, when heating is not required, ventilation to the indoor by a heat collecting fan is stopped, but at high temperatures such as in summer, heat conduction from a roof heated excessively by solar heat collection. Increases the external power consumption and goes back to energy saving, such as raising the indoor temperature and increasing the indoor cooling capacity.
On the other hand, it is necessary to satisfy the 24-hour ventilation of buildings required by the Building Standard Law.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to such conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solar system that simultaneously solves the above two problems.

For this reason, the solar system which concerns on this invention is a solar system provided with the function which ventilates indoor the air heated with the solar heat collecting device set to the roof, Comprising: It comprised as follows.

A heating / ventilation path that drives a ventilation fan for 24-hour ventilation, blows the air heated by the heat collecting device indoors, heats the indoors, and then discharges the air outdoors ;
Driving the ventilation fan, the air taken from outdoors to indoors, and the non-heating ventilation path for discharging outdoors via the heat collector,
A path switching means for switching to selectively open the heating ventilation path and the non-heating ventilation path;
Including
The heating ventilation path and the non-heating ventilation path are shared by at least some sections before and after the ventilation fan,
The path switching means selectively selects one of a pair of three-way valves disposed at the downstream end and the upstream end of the shared section, and a heating ventilation path and a non-heating ventilation path above and downstream of the pair of three-way valves. Control means for switching the heating ventilation path and the non-heating ventilation path by controlling the pair of three-way valves so as to communicate with the shared section.
In addition, a pair of bypass passages that connect the upstream side and the downstream side of the pair of three-way valves when the heating / ventilation path is opened are disposed, and the pair of bypass passages are electrically opened and closed for heating air volume adjustment, respectively. It was configured with a valve.

According to the present invention, when a single ventilation fan is driven to ensure the heating function of the solar system and the 24-hour ventilation function during heating and non-heating, when the outside air temperature is high such as in summer, the temperature is lower than the outside air temperature. By exhausting indoor air through the heat collector, the heat collector can be cooled to prevent an increase in indoor temperature due to heat transfer from the roof to the interior, and power consumption such as cooling can be reduced. it can.
Moreover, the amount of heating air can be switched by switching opening and closing of the on-off valve interposed in the bypass passage.

1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a solar system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the solar system which concerns on a reference example . It is a principal part expanded sectional view of the solar system which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a solar system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
A solar heat collecting device 100 is installed on the roof 1 inclined downward from the ridge of a building such as a store toward the eaves.

  In the heat collecting apparatus 100, the upper side of the color metal plate 1A laid on the roof 1 is covered with a light transmission plate 1B made of glass or resin with a gap therebetween, and both inclined side surfaces are closed. Furthermore, it has a schematic configuration in which vent holes 1a and 1b are opened at the lower eaves and at the upper ridge, and an air flow passage 1c is formed between the color metal plate 1A and the light transmission plate 1B.

  More specifically, a plurality of modules formed by surrounding a color metal plate and a light transmission plate divided in a square shape with a frame are arranged in a matrix on the roof. The modules are formed with a gap between the lower end of the frame and the color metal plate so as to communicate at least in the vertical direction.

One end of the duct 2 is connected to the vent hole 1b of the heat collecting apparatus, and the other end of the duct 2 is connected to the first inlet port 3a of the electric first three-way valve 3.
One end of the duct 4 is connected to the outlet port 3b of the first three-way valve 3, and the other end of the duct 4 is connected to the inlet side of the ventilation fan 5 that performs ventilation for 24 hours.

One end of the duct 6 is connected to the outlet side of the ventilation fan 5, and the other end of the duct 6 is connected to the inlet port 7 a of the electric second three-way valve 7.
One end of a duct 8 is connected to the first outlet port 7b of the second three-way valve 7, and the other end of the duct 8 is connected to a warm air inlet 9a opened through the lower part of the side wall 9 of the building (indoor). Yes.

At the upper part of the side wall 11 facing the side wall 9 of the building, a vent hole 11a for 24-hour ventilation is opened.
On the other hand, one end of the duct 13 is connected to the indoor air outlet 12a opened through the indoor ceiling wall 12, and the other end of the duct 13 is connected to the second inlet port 3c of the first three-way valve 3. .

One end of the duct 14 is connected to the second outlet port 7c of the second three-way valve 7, and the other end of the duct 14 is connected to an intermediate portion of the duct 2 (or the vent 1b of the heat collecting device).
The first three-way valve 3 and the second three-way valve 7 are switched in conjunction with a signal from the control unit 16 based on the operation of the heating / non-heating switch 15.

  The ventilation fan 5 is basically always driven for 24 hours ventilation, but can be stopped by a signal from the control unit 16 based on a manual operation of the ON / OFF switch 17.

Next, the operation of such a solar system will be described.
When the heating switch is set to the heating side during the daytime, such as during cold weather such as in winter, the first three-way valve 3 is connected to the first inlet port 3a and the outlet port 3b by a signal from the control unit 16. The second three-way valve 7 is controlled to communicate the inlet port 7a and the first outlet port 7b. As a result, the duct 2 communicates with the duct 4 via the first three-way valve 3, and the duct 6 communicates with the duct 8 via the second three-way valve 7.

  Outside air is introduced from the vent 1a of the heat collecting apparatus 100 through the air flow passage 1c by the suction force of the ventilation fan 5 that is always driven. In the air flow passage 1c, the color metal plate 1B that has received sunlight transmitted through the light transmission plate 1B is heated to a high temperature state. The light transmission plate 1B also rises in temperature upon receiving sunlight and reflected heat from the color metal plate 1B.

Accordingly, the air passing through the air flow passage 1c rises in temperature upon receiving heat from the high-temperature color metal plate 1B and the light transmission plate 1A.
The heating air whose temperature has increased in this way is blown from the warm air inlet 9a through the duct 2, the first three-way valve 3, the duct 4, the duct 6, the second three-way valve 7, and the duct 8 into the indoor space. After heating, the air is discharged from the vent 11a to the outside. Such a path of heating air constitutes a heating and ventilation path (solid arrow in the figure).

  Therefore, the indoor heating with the heating air from the heat collecting apparatus 100 can also serve as a 24-hour ventilation function. In addition, as usual in general, when the 24-hour ventilation is performed by another ventilation fan different from the heating, the 24-hour ventilation fan is driven to waste power, and the 24-hour ventilation air is used. It was also supposed to lower the heating temperature. Separately, when heating is performed using an energy source such as gas, kerosene, and electric power, an energy loss is accompanied to maintain the heating temperature.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, only one ventilation fan having the function of blowing air and heating for 24 hours is provided, and the power consumption of the ventilation fan drive can be reduced by driving only one ventilation fan. In addition, energy loss when using separate heating can be avoided without lowering the heating temperature.

  In this case, the ventilation method is the second type ventilation in which mechanical ventilation is performed by the ventilation fan 5 (indoor is positive pressure) and the air is naturally exhausted from the vent 11a to the outside.

  On the other hand, when the heating operation is stopped, if the changeover switch 15 is set to the non-heating side, the first three-way valve 3 communicates the second inlet port 3c and the outlet port 3b with the signal from the control unit 16, The two-way valve 7 is controlled to communicate the inlet port 7a and the second outlet port 7c. As a result, the duct 13 communicates with the duct 4 via the first three-way valve 3, and the duct 6 communicates with the duct 14 via the second three-way valve 7.

  Then, after the outside air is introduced indoors through the air vent 11a by the suction force generated by the driving of the ventilation fan 5, the indoor air outlet 12a is connected to the duct 13, the first three-way valve 3, the duct 4, the duct 6, and the second air. Via the three-way valve 7, the duct 14, and the duct 2, the air is discharged from the vent 1 a to the outside through the air flow passage 1 c of the heat collecting apparatus 100. Such a path of non-heating air constitutes a non-heating ventilation path (shown by dotted line arrows).

  Thereby, indoors can be ventilated for 24 hours with normal (non-heating) outside air. The ventilation method in this case is the third type ventilation in which mechanical exhaust is performed outdoors by the ventilation fan 5 while the outside air is naturally aspirated from the vent 11a to the indoors (indoor is negative pressure).

  Conventionally, when the outside air temperature is high, such as in summer, the heat collecting apparatus 100 is excessively heated to become a high temperature, and it has been a problem that the indoor temperature is raised by heat conduction from the roof. Although a heat insulating material is disposed under the color metal plate 1B to suppress heat conduction, it is not sufficiently suppressed.

  Therefore, by using the 24-hour ventilation as described above to distribute the cool air cooled by the indoor air conditioner or the like to the air flow passage 1c, the heat collecting device 100 is cooled and the indoor temperature rises due to heat conduction from the roof. Can be suppressed. As a result, power consumption such as indoor cooling can be reduced.

  Note that the temperature of the color metal plate 1A and the light transmission plate 1B is lowered by radiation cooling or the like from the evening to the night when the solar heat collecting function is reduced or disappears even in winter. When the temperature in the air flow passage 1c is lower than the outside air temperature, it is preferable that ventilation is performed by a heating / ventilation route passing through the air flow passage 1c because cold air cooled from the outside air temperature flows into the room. Absent.

  Therefore, the outside air temperature and the temperature of the air flow passage 1c (the temperature of the color metal plate 1A) are detected and compared. When the latter temperature is lower, the heating ventilation path is switched to the non-heating ventilation path, Control is performed so that air is discharged to the outside through the air flow passage 1c.

  In summer, when the temperature in the air flow passage 1c is lower than the outside air temperature from the evening to the night, the non-heating ventilation route is switched to the heating / ventilation route via the air flow passage 1c. Control to ventilate indoors with cooler air.

  Further, since the heating air has a low density and is likely to rise, the heating efficiency can be increased by providing the warm air inlet 9a at the indoor lower part, while the indoor air outlet 12a can be provided at the indoor upper part to increase the ventilation efficiency. Can do. However, for simplicity, a single air vent serving both as a warm air inlet function and an indoor air outlet function is provided at the indoor intermediate height, and the middle of one duct connected to the air vent is branched. The second inlet of the first three-way valve and the outlet of the second three-way valve may be connected.

Further, in order to adjust the air volume of heating, bypass passages 18 and 19 are provided to bypass the first three-way valve 3 and the second three-way valve 7 respectively, as shown by a one-dot chain line, and each bypass passage 18, 19 is provided. When the heating air flow rate is increased by interposing electric on-off valves 20 and 21, the on-off valves 20 and 21 are opened and the bypass passages 18 and 19 are opened .

FIG. 2 shows a reference example .
In the present embodiment, one ventilation fan configured as follows is disposed in the middle of the duct 31 connecting the vent 1b of the heat collecting apparatus 100 and the indoor 12.

  In the ventilation fan 32, a fan main body 32A in which an impeller and a motor are connected is rotatably supported inside a frame body 32C via a support shaft 32B connected to an intermediate portion thereof. Further, the end of the output rod 33a of the actuator 33 is connected to the end of the support shaft 32B protruding outside the frame 32C through a lever.

  And when this output rod 33a is extended, it sets to the ventilation direction which ventilates heating air indoors in the rotation position around the support shaft 32B of the fan main body 32A. Similarly, when the output rod 33a is retracted, the fan body 32A is set in the blowing direction in which the non-heating air is blown to the roof side at the rotation position around the support shaft 32B.

  The indoor side portion of the duct 31 from the ventilation fan 32 further branches in two directions at a portion closer to the indoor side to become branch ducts 31A and 31B, and the tip opposite to the respective branch points is the indoor warm air inlet 9a, Connected to the indoor air outlet 12a.

  The branch duct 31A is provided with a check valve 34 that is easily opened by the blowing pressure from the ventilation fan 32 and closed by the suction negative pressure from the ventilation fan 32. The branch duct 31B has a suction negative pressure from the ventilation fan 32. A check valve 35 that is easily opened and closed by the blowing pressure from the ventilation fan 32 is interposed.

  The control unit 16 is input with a changeover switch 36 that switches between the extension and retraction of the output rod 33a of the actuator 33 and switches the ventilation direction of the ventilation fan 32. Moreover, the ON / OFF switch 17 of the ventilation fan 32 similar to 1st Embodiment is provided.

  And when heating with the heat collecting apparatus 100, if the ventilation direction of the ventilation fan 32 is set to the heating air ventilation side by the changeover switch 36, the heating air heated through the air flow path 1c will be the duct 31, branching duct 31A. The air is blown indoors from the warm air inlet 9a, and after the indoors are heated, the air is discharged from the vent 11a.

  At the time of non-heating, if the ventilation direction of the ventilation fan 32 is set to the non-heating air blowing side by the changeover switch 36, after the outside air sucked indoors from the vent 11a ventilates the indoor, the branch duct 31B, It is discharged to the outside through the air flow passage 1c through the duct 31.

  Therefore, as in the first embodiment, while maintaining the heating function of the solar system and the 24-hour ventilation function during heating and non-heating, when the outside air temperature is high such as in summer, the cold indoor air is collected It is discharged to the outside and the heat collecting device is cooled, so that an increase in indoor temperature due to heat transfer from the roof to the inside can be suppressed, and further, power consumption such as cooling can be reduced.

In this reference example , a ventilation direction switching mechanism for the ventilation fan is added, but two electric three-way valves can be omitted, and the number of ducts can be reduced.
In terms of function, it is preferable that the warm air inlet 9a and the indoor air outlet 12a are separately provided at the indoor lower portion and the indoor upper portion as described above. In addition, a single ventilation hole having the functions of the warm air inlet and the indoor air outlet may be provided at the same time, and the ventilation hole may be connected to the ventilation fan 32 by a single duct not provided with a check valve.

Moreover, this invention is applicable also to what has the function of an electric power generating apparatus with the solar heat collecting device as a solar system.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper part of the color metal plate 42 is covered with a PV plate 41 in which a PV cell (solar power generation element) 41A is sandwiched between two upper and lower light transmitting plates 41B such as glass and plastic. A plurality of PV modules 40 are constructed in a matrix on the roof. In addition, it is good also as a structure which arrange | positions the module for exclusive use of the heat collection used in 1st Embodiment, and raises the heat collection effect in a part on the roof, for example, 1-2 rows near the ridge.

  In the hybrid type solar system having both the heat collecting function and the power generation function using sunlight, air heated in the air flow passage 43 between the PV plate 41 and the color metal plate 42 is used as heating air. While being able to ventilate indoors, the direct current which generate | occur | produced by receiving sunlight with PV cell 41A can be taken out as electric power.

  When the present invention is applied to such a hybrid solar system, when the non-heating ventilation operation is performed in summer and the cold air is blown into the air flow passage 43, the PV cell 41A is appropriately cooled. The power generation efficiency can be increased, the amount of power generation can be increased and the consumption of external power can be reduced.

  Further, as a solar heat collecting device, it is needless to say that the solar heat collecting device may be applied to a device in which an air flow passage is formed below the color metal plate.

  The illustrated embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to those directly described by the described embodiments, and various improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims. Needless to say, it encompasses changes.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Roof 1A ... Color metal plate 1B ... Light transmissive plate 1a, 1b ... Vent 1c ... Air flow passage 2, 4, 6, 8, 13, 14 ... Duct 3 ... First three-way valve 5 ... Ventilation fan 7 ... Second Three-way valve 9a ... Warm air inlet 11a ... Vent 12a ... Indoor air outlet 15 ... Changeover switch 16 ... Control unit 17 ... ON / OFF switch 31 ... Duct 31A, 31B ... Branch duct 32 ... Ventilation fan 32A ... Fan body 32B ... Support shaft 32C ... Frame 33 ... Actuator 33a ... Output rod 36 ... Changeover switch 40 ... PV module

Claims (4)

A solar system having a function of blowing air heated by a solar heat collecting device set on a roof indoors,
A heating / ventilation path that drives a ventilation fan for 24-hour ventilation, blows the air heated by the heat collecting device indoors, heats the indoors, and then discharges the air outdoors;
A non-heating ventilation path for driving the ventilation fan and discharging the air taken indoors from the outside to the outside via the heat collecting device;
A path switching means for switching to selectively open the heating ventilation path and the non-heating ventilation path;
Including
The heating ventilation path and the non-heating ventilation path are shared by at least some sections before and after the ventilation fan,
The path switching means selectively selects one of a pair of three-way valves disposed at the downstream end and the upstream end of the shared section, and a heating ventilation path and a non-heating ventilation path above and downstream of the pair of three-way valves. Control means for switching the heating ventilation path and the non-heating ventilation path by controlling the pair of three-way valves so as to communicate with the shared section.
In addition, a pair of bypass passages that connect the upstream side and the downstream side of the pair of three-way valves when the heating / ventilation path is opened are disposed, and the pair of bypass passages are electrically opened and closed for heating air volume adjustment, respectively. A solar system characterized by comprising a valve . The solar system according to claim 1, wherein a warm air inlet to the indoor of the heating and ventilation path is disposed in a lower portion of the indoor. The solar system according to claim 1, wherein the indoor air outlet of the non-heating ventilation path is disposed in an indoor upper part. The solar system according to claim 1 , wherein the heat collecting device also has a power generation function using sunlight.