JP5718018B2 - Building demolition method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a demolition construction method of a building, in particular those about the construction method for dismantling the building from the lower portion.

  In dismantling old buildings, a construction method using a hydraulic crusher (so-called crusher construction method) and a construction method using a diamond blade (so-called cutter construction method) are widely used. All of these methods are dismantled in the reverse order of construction, and they are dismantled to the lower floor while cutting or crushing steel frames, reinforcing bars, concrete, etc. from the upper floor to the ground surface. .

Thus, when dismantling from the upper floor of a building, a large heavy machine for dismantling is installed on the ground, and the arm of the large heavy machine is extended to dismantle the building from the upper floor.
In another construction method, a large crane is used to lift equipment used for dismantling work to the rooftop. A crane is also used to lower cut or crushed steel frames, reinforcing bars, concrete, etc. to the ground. Therefore, a place for installing heavy machinery such as cranes around the building to be demolished is necessary, and depending on the location conditions, dismantling work will be hindered.

Furthermore, by dismantling from the upper floors, stepping stones and dust are easily scattered far away. By covering the entire building with a protective sheet, it is possible to prevent flying stones and dust from scattering, but this leads to an extension of the construction period and an increase in the construction cost. Moreover, when dismantling from the ground surface using a large heavy machine, it is difficult to cover the entire surface with a protective sheet.
Therefore, a method of dismantling from the lower part of the building is being studied. If the building is demolished from the lower layer, it is not necessary to use a large crane, and the demolishing work can be performed without being restricted by the site conditions. And it is not necessary to cover the whole building with a protective sheet, and it is possible to prevent flying stones and dust from scattering by covering only the lower layer part.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of supporting a pillar body by disassembling a lower layer portion of the pillar body and then mounting a hydraulic jack between the pillar body and the foundation structure. In this technique, as shown in FIG. 6, the hydraulic jack 8 is contracted to lower the column 4 by the stroke of the hydraulic jack 8. Subsequently, the building can be dismantled from the lower layer by sequentially disassembling the column 4 on the hydraulic jack 8 and extending and re-supporting the hydraulic jack 8.

  However, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 6, when disassembling the lower layer portion of the column 4, the column 4 a being disassembled is separated from the foundation structure 7 a, and the column The load acting on 4a is distributed to the other pillars 4. As a result, the building may be distorted and the dismantling work may be hindered. Therefore, there is a problem that the construction work will be extended despite the dismantling, leading to an extension of the construction period and an increase in the construction cost. . And since the height which can be disassembled at a time is limited to the height corresponding to the stroke of the hydraulic jack 8, the construction period is extended.

JP 2009-138377 A

In the present invention, when a building is demolished from the lower layer, the load acting on the column body being demolished is always supported by the foundation structure of the column body and prevents excessive loads from acting on other column bodies. You can make it in, as a result, and an object thereof is to provide a dismantling construction method capable of performing the work without distortion in the building during demolition work.

  The present invention provides a lifting and tightening device in which jack type elevators are attached to column fastening members that fasten building pillars and support loads with frictional force on all the pillars of the building. Ladder members are arranged at positions facing both side surfaces where the locking devices are arranged, the lower ends of the ladder members are fixed to the foundation structure of the column body, and the column bodies above the foundation structure are fixed by the column fastening members. Tighten and hold the column body above the foundation structure by inserting the locking device of the jack type elevator into the opening of the ladder member, and then disassemble all the columns and walls below the lifting and tightening device After that, the jack type elevator is operated to lower the column body to the foundation structure along the ladder member, and then the column clamping member is opened and the jack type elevator is operated to operate the lifting clamp device along the ladder member. Raise, The column body above the foundation structure is tightened with the column fastening member, and the column body is held above the foundation structure by inserting the locking device of the jack type elevator into the opening of the ladder member. It is a building demolition method that repeats the process of demolishing all the pillars and walls below.

  According to the present invention, the building can be demolished from the lower layer part, so that the demolishing work can be performed by covering the lower layer part of the building without being restricted by the location conditions. In addition, the load acting on the column body being demolished is always supported by the foundation structure of the column body, and it is possible to prevent excessive loads from acting on other column bodies, so that the building is distorted during demolition work. It is possible to work without any occurrence. As a result, the construction period can be shortened and the construction cost can be reduced.

It is a perspective view which shows typically the example of the raising / lowering clamping apparatus comprised by the column clamping member and jack type elevator used in this invention. It is a perspective view which shows typically the example of the ladder member used by this invention. It is a top view which shows the example which attached the raising / lowering fastening apparatus of FIG. 1 to the column. It is a side view which shows the example which attached the raising / lowering fastening apparatus of FIG. 1 to the column. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the example of a jack type elevator. It is a side view which shows the example of the conventional dismantling method typically. It is a top view which shows the other example which attached the raising / lowering fastening apparatus of this invention to the pillar.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of an elevating / clamping apparatus 1 in which a jack type elevator 3 is attached to a column clamping member 2 used in the present invention. The lifting / clamping apparatus 1 is a structure in which a column clamping member 2 is combined so as to be in close contact with each surface of a building column, and a jack type elevator 3 is disposed at a corner of the structure. It is. In this invention, this raising / lowering fastening apparatus 1 is attached to all the pillars of the building to be demolished. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example in which the elevating / clamping apparatus 1 of FIG. In FIG. 3, only one column is shown. Or it can also be configured as shown in FIG. Hereinafter, a description will be given with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the column tightening member 2 of the lifting and tightening device 1 is frictioned between the inner surface of the column tightening member 2 and the outer surface of the column body 4 by tightening its inner surface so as to be in close contact with the outer surface of the column body 4. The column 4 is supported by force. Further, on both side surfaces of the jack type elevator 3, locking tools (that is, an upper locking tool 5 a and a lower locking tool 5 b) are slidably protruded at two locations (see FIG. 1). The locking devices can be housed in or protrude from the jack type elevator 3 respectively. Ladder members 6 (see FIG. 2) are respectively arranged at positions facing both side surfaces of the jack type elevator 3 in which the upper locking tool 5a and the lower locking tool 5b are arranged. The lower end of the ladder member 6 is fixed to the foundation structure 7 of the column 4 as shown in FIG.

It is good also as a seismic isolation structure between the foundation structure 7 and the ladder member 6. FIG. By adopting a seismic isolation structure, the horizontal load on the building can be suppressed even when an earthquake occurs or strong winds blow during dismantling.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the ladder member 6 used in the present invention. FIG. 4 is a side view showing an example in which the elevating / clamping apparatus of FIG. In FIG. 4, the upper floors of the building are not shown.

In the present invention, when the jack type elevator 3 moves in the vertical direction along the ladder member 6, the lifting tightening device 1 moves up and down.
Below, operation of the jack type elevator 3 for moving up and down along the ladder member 6 will be described.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the jack type elevator 3. In FIG. 5, only one side of the ladder member 6 is shown. The main cylinder 9 is fixed to a column fastening member 2 (not shown), and the main piston 10 slides by operating the hydraulic pressure in the main cylinder 9. The hydraulic pressure supply mechanism is not shown.

  The upper sub-cylinder 11 is connected to the main piston 10, and the upper sub-cylinder 11 moves in the vertical direction as the main piston 10 slides. Then, the hydraulic pressure in the upper secondary cylinder 11 is operated to slide the upper secondary piston 12. As shown in FIG. 5, the upper locking tool 5 a is pushed out to the ladder member 6 side by the upper auxiliary piston 12 in a state where the upper auxiliary piston 12 is at the lowest end of the stroke, and is fitted into the opening of the ladder member 6.

On the other hand, the lower secondary cylinder 13 is connected to the main cylinder 9, and the lower secondary piston 14 slides by operating the hydraulic pressure in the lower secondary cylinder 13. As shown in FIG. 5, the lower locking member 5 b is released from the restraint by the lower auxiliary piston 14 in a state where the lower auxiliary piston 14 is at the uppermost end of the stroke, and moves to the side away from the ladder member 6.
In this way, by operating the hydraulic pressure supplied to the upper sub-cylinder 11 and the lower sub-cylinder 13, respectively, the upper locking member 5a and the lower locking member 5b are individually operated, so that the opening of the ladder member 6 is It can be fitted or detached from the ladder member 6. Further, by operating the hydraulic pressure supplied to the main cylinder 9, it is possible to move the upper sub cylinder 11 in the vertical direction and change the distance between the upper locking member 5a and the lower locking member 5b.

  When the jack type elevator 3 is moved upward along the ladder member 6, the upper locking member 5 a is fitted into the opening of the ladder member 6 and the lower locking member 5 b is detached from the ladder member 6. In this state, the lower locking member 5b is pulled up. Then, when the lower locking member 5b rises to a position where it can be fitted into the upper opening, the lower locking member 5b stops rising, and the lower locking member 5b is fitted into the opening of the ladder member 6. . Next, the upper locking member 5a is detached from the ladder member 6 and moved upward as it is. Next, when the upper locking member 5a rises to a position where the upper locking member 5a can be fitted into the upper opening, the upper locking member 5a stops rising, and the upper locking member 5a is fitted into the opening. The lower locking member 5b is pulled upward in a state where the stopping member 5b is detached from the ladder member 6. By repeating this procedure, the jack type elevator 3 moves upward along the ladder member 6.

  When the jack type elevator 3 is moved downward along the ladder member 6, the upper locking member 5 a is fitted into the opening of the ladder member 6 and the lower locking member 5 b is detached from the ladder member 6. In this state, the lower locking member 5b is pulled downward. Then, when the lower locking member 5b is lowered to a position where the lower locking member 5b can be fitted into the lower opening, the lower locking member 5b stops descending, and the lower locking member 5b is fitted into the opening of the ladder member 6. . Next, the upper locking member 5a is detached from the ladder member 6 and moved downward as it is. During this time, the lower locking member 5b supports the column fastening member 2. Next, when the upper locking member 5a is lowered to a position where it can be fitted into the lower opening, the lowering of the upper locking member 5a is stopped, and the upper locking member 5a is fitted into the opening of the ladder member 6. The lower locking member 5b is pulled downward with the lower locking member 5b detached from the ladder member 6. By repeating this procedure, the jack type elevator 3 moves downward along the ladder member 6, and as a result, the column fastening member 2 fixed to the main cylinder 9 descends.

As explained above, the column fastening member 2 can be raised and lowered by operating the jack type elevator 3 constituting the lifting and fastening device 1. Moreover, the column fastening member 2 can be held in a predetermined position by stopping the jack type elevator 3.
In dismantling a building by applying the present invention, the elevating / clamping device 1 is disposed on all the column bodies 4, and the column clamping members 2 are tightened to be in close contact with the column bodies 4. And the upper locking tool 5a and the lower locking tool 5b of the jack type elevator 3 are inserted into the opening of the ladder member 6 to stop the lifting tightening device 1. As a means for bringing the column fastening member 2 into close contact with the column body 4, a jack, a wedge, a PC steel wire, a bolt nut, or the like is used. Or you may use them together.

  Next, the column body 4 below the column fastening member 2 is disassembled. The example shown in FIG. 4 is a state in which the lower layer portion 4b of the column 4a is disassembled. The column fastening member 2a is in close contact with the column body 4a, and an upper locking device or a lower locking device of a jack type elevator is inserted into the opening of the ladder member 6a and stopped. The column 4a is separated from the foundation structure 7a by disassembling the lower layer 4b, but the load acting on the column 4a is supported by the ladder member 6a from the column fastening member 2a via the jack type elevator. . That is, the load acting on the column 4a is supported by the ladder member 6a fixed to the foundation structure 7a without being distributed to the other columns 4. As a result, the building can be demolished without causing distortion.

In this way, the lower layer portions of the column bodies 4 are sequentially disassembled, the lower layer portions of all the column bodies 4 are disassembled, and then the jack type elevator is placed with the column fastening members 2 kept in close contact with the column bodies 4. The column 4 is lowered to the foundation structure 7 by being lowered along the member 6.
Next, the column tightening member 2 is released from the column body 4, and the jack type elevator is lifted along the ladder member 6 to raise the lifting tightening device to a predetermined position. After that, the column body 4 is fastened by the column tightening member 2, and the upper locking device or the lower locking device of the jack type elevator is inserted into the opening of the ladder member 6, so that the column body 4 is attached to the foundation structure 7. Hold up. Then, the column body 4 below the column fastening member 2 and the wall portion accompanying it are disassembled.

By repeating this procedure, the building can be dismantled from the lower layer without causing distortion.
In the present invention, since the jack type elevator is stopped by inserting the upper locking tool and the lower locking tool into the opening of the ladder member, not only the compression force of the ladder member (that is, the load of the building) but also the earthquake and strong wind It can fully support the tensile force generated by the inclination of the building.

In order to further increase the strength against earthquakes and strong winds during dismantling, adjacent ladder members may be connected via beams, braces, or the like. In addition, a pillar guide that prevents the building from swinging may be attached to the ladder member.
Furthermore, in the present invention, in addition to the column fastening member, a support member that individually supports the beams of each layer may be used in combination.

  In addition, although the example which has a rectangular opening part is shown in FIG. 2, the opening part may have other shapes (for example, circular shape, ellipse shape, etc.). Further, the opening of the ladder member does not necessarily have to penetrate, and a support (for example, a cylinder, a prism, etc.) may be provided with a recess.

An experiment was performed in which the column body was lifted and lowered using the lifting and tightening apparatus shown in FIG. The procedure will be described.
Elevating / clamping device 1 is attached to the lower part of a column having a cross-sectional dimension of 80 cm × 80 cm. The ladder member was arranged, and the lower end of the ladder member was fixed vertically to the ground. The vertical width of the column fastening member 2 was 19 cm. That is, the contact area between the column fastening member 2 and the column is 1520 cm ² (= 80 cm × 19 cm) for each surface of the column.

  The lifting / lowering tightening device 1 was moved up and down by operating the jack type elevator 3 in a state where a load of 500 tons corresponding to a 10-story building was applied to the upper part of the column. In the meantime, the column body could be lifted and lowered while supporting the column body without dropping from the column fastening member 2.

  Since the building can be demolished from the lower layer, and the load acting on the pillar body being demolished is always supported by the foundation structure of the pillar body, it is possible to prevent the excessive load from acting on other pillar bodies, It is possible to perform work without distortion in the building during the demolition work. As a result, the construction period can be shortened and the construction cost can be reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Elevating / clamping device 2 Column clamping member 3 Jack type elevator 4 Column
4a Column with dismantled lower layer
4b Lower part of the pillar removed by dismantling
5a Upper locking tool (upper locking member)
5b Lower locking tool (lower locking member)
6 Ladder member 7 Foundation structure 8 Hydraulic jack 9 Main cylinder
10 Main piston
11 Upper secondary cylinder
12 Upper secondary piston
13 Lower secondary cylinder
14 Lower secondary piston

Claims (1)

Elevating and tightening devices, in which jack type elevators are attached to column clamping members that fasten building pillars and support the load with frictional force, are disposed on all the column bodies of the building, and further, the jack type elevators are locked. Ladder members are respectively arranged at positions facing both side surfaces on which the tools are arranged, the lower ends of the ladder members are fixed to the foundation structure of the column body, and the column body above the foundation structure is clamped to the column And fastening the jack type elevator to the opening of the ladder member to hold the pillar body above the foundation structure, and then to all the pillars below the elevation fastening apparatus. After disassembling the body and the wall, the jack type elevator is operated to lower the column body to the foundation structure along the ladder member, and then the column fastening member is opened and the jack type elevator is Operate As a result, the elevating / clamping device is raised along the ladder member, the column body above the foundation structure is tightened by the column tightening member, and the locking device of the jack type elevator is attached to the opening of the ladder member. A demolition method for a building, characterized by repeating the step of holding the column body above the foundation structure by inserting and then disassembling all the column bodies and walls below the lifting and tightening device .

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