JP5715622B2 - 血小板レベルを増大させるためのペプチド療法 - Google Patents
血小板レベルを増大させるためのペプチド療法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5715622B2 JP5715622B2 JP2012515626A JP2012515626A JP5715622B2 JP 5715622 B2 JP5715622 B2 JP 5715622B2 JP 2012515626 A JP2012515626 A JP 2012515626A JP 2012515626 A JP2012515626 A JP 2012515626A JP 5715622 B2 JP5715622 B2 JP 5715622B2
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Description
本明細書および図面において、略号によるアミノ酸などの表示は、生化学命名法に関するIUPAC−IUB委員会によって定められる記号の使用によって、または、関連分野において慣例的に使用される記号によってなされる。そのような記号の例が下記に示される。光学異性体がアミノ酸に関して存在するならば、光学異性体は、別途明示的に指定される場合を除き、好ましくはL型を表す。
BHA :ベンズヒドリルアミン
pMBHA :p−メチルベンズヒドリルアミン
Tos :p−トルエンスルホニル
CHO :ホルミル
HONB :N−ヒドロキシ−5−ノルボルネン−2,3−ジカルボキシミド
OcHex :シクロヘキシルエステル
Bzl :ベンジル
Cl2−Bzl :ジクロロ−ベンジル
Bom :ベンジルオキシメチル
Z :ベンジルオキシカルボニル
Br−Z :2−ブロモベンジルオキシカルボニル
Boc :5−ブチルオキシカルボニル
DCM :ジクロロメタン
HOBt :1−ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール
DCC :N,N’−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド
TFA :トリフルオロ酢酸
DIEA :ジイソプロピルエチルアミン
Fmoc :N−9−フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル
DNP :ジニトロフェニル
Bum :第三級ブトキシメチル
Trt :トリチル
Ac :アセチル
Guanyl :グアニル
Succinyl :スクシニル
glutaryl :グルタリル
TMguanyl :テトラメチルグアニル
2F−benzoyl :2−フルオロベンゾイル
4F−benzoyl :4−フルオロベンゾイル
APA :5−アミノペンタノイル
ACA :6−アミノヘキサノイル
desamino−Arg :2−デスアミノ−アルギニル
deaminoTMG−APA:下記式(IV):
R−CH2:下記式(V):
ただし、
上記式(I)におけるA1は、N末端で誘導体化され得るアルギニン残基、リシン残基、オルニチン残基、シトルリン残基、アラニン残基もしくはグルタミン酸残基(L型またはD型のどちらか)を表すか、または、A1は水素原子であり、あるいは、A1は、アルギニン残基、シトルリン残基、アラニン残基もしくはD−グルタミン酸残基であるか、または、A1は水素原子である(すなわち、この位置におけるアミノ酸は存在しなくてもよい)ことが好ましい。
ただし、
A1は、アルギニン残基、リシン残基、オルニチン残基、シトルリン残基もしくはアラニン残基またはこれらのアミノ酸のN−α−置換誘導体、あるいは、水素原子(すなわち、存在しなくてもよい)を表す;
A2は芳香族アミノ酸残基を表す;
A3、A4およびA6はそれぞれが独立して、アルギニン残基、リシン残基、オルニチン残基、シトルリン残基またはアラニン残基を表す;
A5は、チロシン残基、フェニルアラニン残基、アラニン残基、ナフチルアラニン残基またはシトルリン残基を表す;
A7は、カルボキシル基がアミド化またはエステル化され得るリシン残基またはアルギニン残基を表す;
Xは、下記の(i)〜(iii)からなる群から選択される:
(i)下記の式(III)によって表されるペプチド残基:
式中、A8およびA12はそれぞれが独立して、アラニン残基、バリン残基、ロイシン残基、イソロイシン残基、セリン残基、システイン残基またはメチオニン残基を表す;
A9は芳香族アミノ酸残基を表し、A10は、A3の場合と同じアミノ酸残基から選択され、A11は、チロシン残基、フェニルアラニン残基、トリプトファン残基、アラニン残基、バリン残基、ロイシン残基、イソロイシン残基、セリン残基、システイン残基またはメチオニン残基を表し、ただし、1’位および6’位の両方がシステイン残基であるならば、それらはジスルフィド結合で結合されてもよい;
(ii)D−オルニチル−プロリン、プロリル−D−オルニチン、D−リシル−プロリン、プロリル−D−リシン、D−アルギニル−プロリン、プロリル−D−アルギニン、D−シトルリル−プロリン、D−シトルリル−アラニン、D−アラニル−シトルリン、プロリル−D−シトルリン、グリシル−オルニチン、オルニチル−グリシン、グリシル−リシン、リシル−グリシン、グリシル−アルギニン、アルギニル−グリシン、グリシル−シトルリン、シトルリル−グリシン、D−アラニル−プロリンおよびD−リシル−アラニンからなる群から選択されるペプチド、
かつ、前記ペプチド残基の構成アミノ酸であるD−アルギニン、L−アルギニン、D−リシン、L−リシン、D−オルニチンまたはL−オルニチンの側鎖ω−アミノ基の水素原子はω−アミノアシル基によって置換されてもよく、
また、(i)および(ii)のペプチド残基は、ペプチド結合を介して7位および9位におけるアミノ酸残基と結合するペプチドを表す;
また、4位および12位におけるシステイン残基はジスルフィド結合で結合してもよい;
ただし、上記ペプチドまたはその塩において、A1、A3、A4、A5、A6およびA7のアミノ酸残基のいずれかがアラニン残基またはシトルリン残基である;あるいは
(iii)D−シトルリン残基、D−アラニン残基、シトルリン残基もしくはアラニン残基またはその塩を含有するペプチド残基。
(i)1個または複数個、あるいは、他の実施形態では1個〜3個のアミノ酸が、上記式(I)、上記式(II)および配列番号1〜配列番号72において示されるアミノ酸配列において他のアミノ酸によって置換されたアミノ酸配列;
(ii)1個または複数個、あるいは、他の実施形態では1個〜3個のアミノ酸が、上記式(I)、上記式(II)および配列番号1〜配列番号72において示されるアミノ酸配列において欠失されたアミノ酸配列;
(iii)1個または複数個、あるいは、他の実施形態では1個〜3個のアミノ酸が、上記式(I)、上記式(II)および配列番号1〜配列番号72において示されるアミノ酸配列において付加(挿入)されたアミノ酸配列;または
(iv)上記(i)、(ii)または(iii)において示されるアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドの中で、アミノ酸(特に、その側鎖)に対する修飾を含むペプチド、あるいは、そのエステル、アミドまたは塩。
一般には、ポリペプチドを合成するための市販の樹脂を使用することができる。そのような樹脂には、例えば、クロロメチル樹脂、ヒドロキシメチル樹脂、ベンズヒドロキシルアミン樹脂、アミノメチル樹脂、4−ヒドロキシベンジルアルコール樹脂、4−メチルベンズヒドロキシルアミン樹脂、PAM樹脂、4−ヒドロキシメチルメチルフェニルアセトアミドメチル樹脂、ポリアクリルアミド樹脂、4−(2’,4’−ジメトキシフェニル−ヒドロキシメチル)フェノキシ樹脂、4−2’,4’−ジメトキシフェニル−Fmocアミノエチルフェノキシ樹脂などが含まれる。そのような樹脂を使用する場合、好適に保護されたα−アミノ基および側鎖官能基を有するアミノ酸が、従来から知られている縮合方法に従って、期待されるポリペプチドの配列になるまで樹脂上で縮合される。反応の最後の段階で、ポリペプチドが樹脂から切り離され、同時に、様々な保護基が除かれ、その後、分子内ジスルフィド結合反応を高希釈溶液において行うことによって、期待されるポリペプチドまたはそのアミドが得られる。保護アミノ酸の上記縮合については、ポリペプチドの合成のために使用可能な様々な活性化された試薬を使用することができるが、カルボジイミドを使用することが特により良好である。そのようなカルボジイミドには、DCC、N,N’−ジイソプロピルカルボジイミド、N−エチル−N’−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミドなどがある。これらによる活性化のために、ラセミ化阻害添加剤(例えば、HOBt、HOOBt)と一緒に、保護アミノ酸が樹脂に直接に加えられるか、あるいは、保護アミノ酸を対称的な酸無水物またはHOBtエステルまたはHOOBtエステルとして活性化した後で、保護アミノ酸をエステル樹脂に加えることができる。
本明細書中で使用される「医薬組成物」は、本明細書中に記載される有効成分の1つまたは複数と、他の化学的成分(例えば、生理学的に好適なキャリアおよび賦形剤など)との調製物を示す。医薬組成物の目的は、生物に対する化合物の投与を容易にすることである。
様々な実施形態において、本発明のペプチドは、血小板障害を処置するために有用である。一般に、血小板障害には、血小板における異常な増大に関連する障害(血小板血症、骨髄増殖性障害)、血小板における低下に関連する障害(血小板減少症)、または、血小板機能異常に関連する障害が含まれる。これらの状態のどれもが、止血プラグの不完全な形成および出血を引き起こし得る。本発明の実施形態によれば、本発明の方法および組成物は、低下した血小板レベルまたは最適でない血小板レベルによって特徴づけられる状態において、また、血小板減少症の処置および防止において血小板数を上昇させるために特に有用である。
試薬
トロンボポエチンをPROSPEC catから購入した(カタログ#CYT−346)。4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003(配列番号1)が、Novotide Ltd.によって合成された。
メスのC57BL/6マウス(7週齢〜8週齢)を、Harlen Israelから購入し、Hebrew大学動物施設(Jerusalem、イスラエル)で特定病原体非含有条件のもとで維持した。
骨髄における始原細胞の数を評価するために、コロニー形成細胞アッセイを処置後の造血性コロニーの生成のために使用した。コロニーを、1%のメチルセルロース、15%のFBS、1%のウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)、3U/mlのrhEPO、10−4Mの2−メルカプトエタノール、2mMのL−グルタミン、50ng/mLのrmSCF、10ng/mLのrmIL−3、10μg/mLのrhインスリン、10ng/mLのrhIL−6および200μg/mLのヒトトランスフェリンを含有するイスコブ改変ダルベッコ培地(IMDM)(Methocult GF M3434;StemCell Technologies Inc.)に細胞を置床することによってアッセイした。培養物を、5%CO2を含有する加湿雰囲気において37℃でインキュベーションした。7日後、典型的なコロニーを、光学顕微鏡を使用して形態学的基準によって目視によりスコア化した。
結果が、平均±SDとして表される。統計学的な差を両側スチューデントt検定の分析によって求めた。pが0.05未満である値を、統計学的に有意であると見なした。
4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003の第I/II相の、非ランダム化非盲検による単回服用、用量増大、安全性研究を、骨髄から末梢血への始原幹細胞の可動化を誘導するためにG−CSFを受ける多発性骨髄腫(MM)の患者において行った。
図1ならびに表2および表3において認められ得るように、4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003およびトロンボポエチンにより、血液における血小板産生(図1A、表2)および骨髄におけるコロニー形成細胞(造血始原細胞、「HPC」)(図1B、表3)が誘導される。これらの薬剤は、血液における血小板数および骨髄における始原細胞の生成をさらに刺激するために一体的に共同することもまた見出された。したがって、4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003により、TPOの活性が、血小板レベルをインビボで高めることにおいて強化される。
その後、血小板調節効果をマウスにおける化学療法誘導の血小板減少症モデルにおいて調べた。これらの実験において、生理的食塩水に溶解される150mg/kgでの5−フルオロウラシル(「5FU」)をすべてのマウスに腹腔内注射した(0日目)。マウスの一部を、5FUによる処置の前の5日間、4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003(5mg/Kg、1日1回のS.C.注射)によりさらに処置し、また、マウスを5FU後1日から4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003(5mg/Kg)により毎日処置し、処置を実験終了まで続けた。血液サンプルを、4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003の投与またはコントロール(PBS)注射の後1時間で採取した。図4において認められ得るように、4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003の投与は5FUによる処置の前後において血小板の血中レベルを高めた。図4において、菱形はコントロール(PBS処置)マウスを表し、白四角は4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003処置マウスを表す。
シクロホスファミドによる化学療法を受けるMM患者に、G−CSFが、その後の収集および移植のためのHPC可動化を誘導するために臨床プロトコルに従って与えられた。シクロホスファミドおよびG−CSFによる処置の10日後、患者は、0.9mg/kgの用量で注射される4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003を受けた。図7において認められ得るように、4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003により、血液中の血小板の数における即時的な増大が刺激され、これは投与後30分で検出することができ、また、数時間後(1時間後、2時間後、4時間後または8時間後)に依然として観測された。図7において、「0分」の時点は、4F−ベンゾイル−TN14003が注射されたときの血中の血小板レベルを表す。
配列番号69は、カブトガニのタチプレシンファミリーポリペプチドに基づいて設計された合成ペプチドの配列である。
配列番号73は、式Iによる合成ペプチドの配列である。
配列番号74〜77は、式IIによる合成ペプチドの配列である。
Claims (14)
- 血小板のレベルをその必要性のある対象において上昇させること、および血小板減少症を前記対象において処置または防止することにおいて使用するための医薬の製造における、配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸配列のペプチドの使用。
- 血小板減少症は、20000/μL未満の血小板数によって特徴づけられる、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 10000/μL未満の血小板数によって特徴づけられる重篤な血小板減少症の処置のためのものである、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記対象は、臨床的に著しい出血に苦しむ、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記対象が血小板減少症を患い、前記ペプチドの投与が外科的手順の24時間以内に開始される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 血小板減少症は、増大した血小板破壊に関連する血小板減少症、増大した血小板捕獲に関連する血小板減少症、血小板希釈に関連する血小板減少症、および損なわれた血小板産生に関連する血小板減少症からなる群から選択されるか、または前記血小板減少症は、増大した免疫学的な血小板破壊に関連するか、または前記血小板減少症は、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病および自己免疫性血小板減少症からなる群から選択されるか、または前記血小板減少症はC型肝炎ウイルス関連肝硬変に関連するか、または前記血小板減少症は、損なわれた血小板産生に関連し、先天性巨核球減少性血小板減少症および橈骨欠損を伴う血小板減少症からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 血小板減少症は骨髄欠乏または骨髄抑制に関連しない、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記対象は、放射線または化学療法にさらされることに関連する血小板低下に苦しむ、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記ペプチドは、血小板産生を刺激する少なくとも1つのサイトカインとの併用で前記対象に投与される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記ペプチドは、トロンボポエチンまたはトロンボポエチン受容体アゴニストとの併用で投与され、前記トロンボポエチン受容体アゴニストが、Romiplostim,Eltrombopag,AKR−501,LGD−4665,N−アセチルシステイン、peg−TPOmpおよびSB−559448からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 前記ペプチドは、血小板産生を刺激する少なくとも1つのサイトカインをさらに含む医薬組成物の形態で対象に投与される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記ペプチドは、血小板減少症またはその危険性のために他の場合には前記対象に投与されないであろうさらなる薬物または物質と同時投与される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 出血を対象において抑えるためのものである、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 活性成分として、配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸配列のペプチドの効果的な量と、血小板産生を刺激するサイトカインの効果的な量とを含む、血小板のレベルを上昇させることにおいて使用するための医薬組成物であって、サイトカインがトロンボポエチンまたはトロンボポエチン受容体アゴニストであり、前記トロンボポエチン受容体アゴニストが、Romiplostim,Eltrombopag,AKR−501,LGD−4665,N−アセチルシステイン、peg−TPOmpおよびSB−559448からなる群から選択される、医薬組成物。
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CA2765345A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
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WO2010146578A2 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
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