JP5714563B2 - 風力タービンを動作させるための方法 - Google Patents
風力タービンを動作させるための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
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- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
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- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
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- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
- F03D9/257—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor the wind motor being part of a wind farm
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- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
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- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
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- H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
- H02P9/105—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for increasing the stability
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/96—Mounting on supporting structures or systems as part of a wind turbine farm
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/103—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
- F05B2270/1033—Power (if explicitly mentioned)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/104—Purpose of the control system to match engine to driven device
- F05B2270/1041—Purpose of the control system to match engine to driven device in particular the electrical frequency of driven generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/309—Rate of change of parameters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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Description
(Pincrease/Prated)[%]=((fdeadband-fmeas)/(fdeadband-fcontrolband))×Pincrease_set[%]
2 ハブ
4 ロータブレード
6 回転子部材 (発電機回転子)
7 空気力学ロータ
8 固定子
10 発電機
12 整流器
14 インバータ
16 変圧器
18 電力ネットワーク
20 制御装置
22 ネットワーク測定ユニット
24 直流設定部材
Claims (15)
- 風力設備を運転する方法であって、前記風力設備が電気供給ネットワークに接続され、運転中、つまり初期速度より速く、かつ、スイッチオフ速度より遅い風が優勢である場合、前記電気供給ネットワークに、より詳細には前記電気供給ネットワークにとって望ましい、あるいは前記電気供給ネットワークに必要な周波数および電圧で前記電気供給ネットワークに電気エネルギーが供給され、定格値より速い速度またはスイッチオフ速度より遅い速度での前記風力設備の運転中、少なくとも1つのロータブレードを有する前記風力設備のロータが回転し、前記風力設備の前記ロータには、前記ロータによって駆動される発電機が接続されており、それにより電気エネルギーが生成され、前記風力設備が、前記電気供給ネットワークにおける優勢な周波数を測定する手段を有しており、ネットワーク周波数を測定するための前記手段が、前記風力設備の運転を制御するための制御デバイスに接続されており、
前記電気供給ネットワークの前記ネットワーク周波数が前記ネットワークの望ましい目標周波数より所定の周波数値だけ低くなり、および/または前記ネットワーク周波数がある周波数勾配で低下すると、つまり前記ネットワーク周波数が時間に対して所定の変化量を超える量で変化すると、前記風力設備の前記発電機によって前記ネットワークに引き渡される電力が、前記風力設備の現在優勢な電力から、短期間の間、速やかに増加し、
不感帯範囲の周波数範囲と、制御帯範囲の周波数範囲と、アンダー周波数範囲の周波数範囲とがネットワーク周波数に関して区別されており、
前記ネットワーク周波数が前記不感帯範囲内であるとき、前記ネットワーク周波数の周波数範囲は、定格周波数と該定格周波数の下側にある不感帯周波数との間にあり、
前記ネットワーク周波数が前記制御帯範囲内であるとき、前記ネットワーク周波数の周波数範囲は、前記不感帯周波数と該不感帯周波数の下の制御帯周波数との間にあり、前記不感帯周波数からのネットワーク周波数の周波数差に応じて前記電力が増加され、
前記ネットワーク周波数が前記アンダー周波数範囲内であるとき、前記ネットワーク周波数の周波数範囲は、前記制御帯周波数から下に向かって展開しており、前記電力は、予め設定された電力増加まで増加される、ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記不感帯周波数は、前記ネットワークの前記望ましい目標周波数より前記所定の周波数値だけ低く、前記ネットワークの前記望ましい目標周波数は、前記ネットワークの定格周波数である、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ネットワーク周波数が前記制御帯範囲内であるとき、前記電力は、電力増加まで増加され、前記電力増加は、前記ネットワーク周波数と前記不感帯周波数との間の差に比例している、ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記ネットワーク周波数が前記制御帯周波数に達するとき、前記電力増加が前記予め設定された電力増加の最大値に達するように、比例係数が設定される、ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記電力増加は、下記数式を使用して、前記制御帯範囲おいて特定され、
Pincrease = Pincrease-set × PN × (fdeadband − f)/(fdeadband - fcontrolband)
ここで、Pincrease-set × PNは、定格電力PNに関する前記予め設定された電力増加の最大値であり、fdeadbandは、前記不感帯周波数であり、fcontrolbandは、前記制御帯周波数であり、fは、前記ネットワーク周波数である、ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記予め設定された電力増加は、定格電力の10%から30%の範囲内であって、最大値が設定されている、ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記所定の周波数値が前記ネットワークの目標周波数の1‰より大きく、および/または前記所定の変化量が0.1Hz/sより多い、ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記速やかな電力増加がロータ/発電機システムの慣性モーメントに蓄積される回転エネルギーを利用して実施され、風による発電効率を増加するために1つ以上のロータブレードのピッチ角の変更を利用する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ネットワークに供給される電力の周波数が常に現在優勢なネットワーク周波数に対応している、つまり前記ネットワーク周波数が前記ネットワーク周波数の目標値である定格周波数より低い場合、供給される電力の周波数が前記ネットワーク周波数より低くなることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- それまでの供給が定格電力で実施されていた場合、前記電力の増加が現在優勢な電力を超えて、つまり同じく定格電力を超えて前記電力の増加が実施されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ネットワーク周波数が前記所定の周波数値より小さくなった後、あるいは前記所定の変化量を超過した後、10msないし1000msの期間内に、さらに少なくとも0.5秒の期間にわたって電力増加が実施され、および/または増加した電力、つまりそれまで設定されていた電力を超える電力で供給が実施されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 電力増加は、所定の増加最大時間(tmaxp-increas)まで実行可能であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2基の風力設備を備えたウィンドパークを制御する方法であって、個々の風力設備が請求項1から12の一項に記載の方法に従って制御され、
すべての風力設備からネットワークに引き渡される電力の増加が一元的に制御され、および/または中央制御されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1から13の一項に記載の方法を実行するように適合された風力設備であって、
前記風力設備は、電気供給ネットワークに接続され、運転中、つまり初期速度より速く、かつ、スイッチオフ速度より遅い風が優勢である場合、前記電気供給ネットワークに、より詳細には前記電気供給ネットワークにとって望ましい、あるいは前記電気供給ネットワークに必要な周波数および電圧で前記電気供給ネットワークに電気エネルギーが供給され、定格値より速い速度またはスイッチオフ速度より遅い速度での前記風力設備の運転中、少なくとも1つのロータブレードを有する前記風力設備のロータが回転し、前記風力設備の前記ロータには、前記ロータによって駆動される発電機が接続されており、それにより電気エネルギーが生成され、前記風力設備が、前記電気供給ネットワークにおける優勢な周波数を測定する手段を有しており、ネットワーク周波数を測定するための前記手段が、前記風力設備の運転を制御するための制御デバイスに接続されており、
前記電気供給ネットワークの前記ネットワーク周波数が前記ネットワークの望ましい目標周波数より所定の周波数値だけ低くなり、および/または前記ネットワーク周波数がある周波数勾配で低下すると、つまり前記ネットワーク周波数が時間に対して所定の変化量を超える量で変化すると、前記風力設備の前記発電機によって前記ネットワークに引き渡される電力が、前記風力設備の現在優勢な電力から、短期間の間、速やかに増加し、
不感帯範囲の周波数範囲と、制御帯範囲の周波数範囲と、アンダー周波数範囲の周波数範囲とがネットワーク周波数に関して区別されており、
前記ネットワーク周波数が前記不感帯範囲内であるとき、前記ネットワーク周波数の周波数範囲は、定格周波数と該定格周波数の下側にある不感帯周波数との間にあり、
前記ネットワーク周波数が前記制御帯範囲内であるとき、前記ネットワーク周波数の周波数範囲は、前記不感帯周波数と該不感帯周波数の下の制御帯周波数との間にあり、前記不感帯周波数からのネットワーク周波数の周波数差に応じて前記電力が増加され、
前記ネットワーク周波数が前記アンダー周波数範囲内であるとき、前記ネットワーク周波数の周波数範囲は、前記制御帯周波数から下に向かって展開しており、前記電力は、予め設定された電力増加まで増加される、ことを特徴とする風力設備。 - ウィンドパークであって、請求項14に記載の複数の風力設備を含むウィンドパーク。
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