JP5744385B2 - Cvd分析 - Google Patents
Cvd分析 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5744385B2 JP5744385B2 JP2009219158A JP2009219158A JP5744385B2 JP 5744385 B2 JP5744385 B2 JP 5744385B2 JP 2009219158 A JP2009219158 A JP 2009219158A JP 2009219158 A JP2009219158 A JP 2009219158A JP 5744385 B2 JP5744385 B2 JP 5744385B2
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- calprotectin
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Description
(a) 流動体または前記流動体由来のカルプロテクチン含有液体サンプルを得る工程、
(b) 前記体液の前記サンプルに、任意にナノ粒子結合した、抗カルプロテクチン抗体または抗体断片を接触させて、前記カルプロテクチンを結合させる工程、
(c) 任意に、不透明化エンハンサーを添加する工程、
(d) 濁度によりカルプロテクチン含量を評価する工程。
Anderson-Darling Normality Test
A2: 8.160
P-value: 0.000
平均 0.403
標準偏差 0.238
分散(Variance) 0.057
歪度(Skewness) 1.679
尖度(Kurtosis) 3.302
N 199
極小 0.070
1st 四分位(Quartile)0.240
中央値 0.340
3rd 四分位(Quartile)0.500
極大 1.370
95 % confidence limit for Mu 0.370
0.436
95 % confidence limit for Sigma 0.217
0.264
95 % confidence limit for Median 0.310
0.370
Anderson-Darling Normality Test
A2: 25.037
P-value: 0.000
平均 217.060
標準偏差 399.000
分散(Variance) 159201
歪度(Skewness) 3.462
尖度(Kurtosis) 15.341
N 200
極小 0.00
1st 四分位(Quartile)0.00
中央値 78.00
3rd 四分位(Quartile)259.25
極大 2794.00
95 % confidence limit for Mu 161.42
272.70
95 % confidence limit for Sigma 363.35
442.46
95 % confidence limit for Median 0.00
117.33
Anderson-Darling Normality Test
A2: 21.221
P-value: 0.000
平均 2.331
標準偏差 2.970
分散(Variance) 8.819
歪度(Skewness) 2.243
尖度(Kurtosis) 5.103
N 197
極小 0.150
1st 四分位(Quartile)0.540
中央値 1.150
3rd 四分位(Quartile)2.580
極大 16.30
95 % confidence limit for Mu 1.913
2.748
95 % confidence limit for Sigma 2.703
3.296
95 % confidence limit for Median 0.933
1.375
Anderson-Darling Normality Test
A2: 2.535
P-value: 0.000
平均 8.391
標準偏差 1.966
分散(Variance) 3.867
歪度(Skewness) 0.875
尖度(Kurtosis) 0.730
N 199
極小 5.100
1st 四分位(Quartile)7.100
中央値 8.100
3rd 四分位(Quartile)9.600
極大 15.300
95 % confidence limit for Mu 8.117
8.666
95 % confidence limit for Sigma 1.790
2.181
95 % confidence limit for Median 7.620
8.400
(a) カルプロテクチンの単離
カルプロテクチンは、米国特許4,833,074号(Fagerhol)の実施例1および2に記載された方法にしたがって単離できる。
抗カルプロテクチン抗体は、米国特許4,833,074 (Fagerhol)の実施例3に開示された方法に従って調製できる。
(a) アビジン被覆ナノ粒子の調製
600 μmの4.2% w/v クロロメチル活性化ナノ粒子(直径44 nm:米国 Interfacial Dynamic Corporationより入手)を、10,000kDの孔径である膜を用いて、水で透析する。ホウ酸(10 mM) と塩化ナトリウム(15 mM) の溶液0.5 ml(pH 9.0)を添加して混合する。10 mM ホウ酸と15 mM NaClとの溶液0.5 ml(pH 9)(Pierce Chemical Companyより入手)に10mgアビジンを溶解し、これを添加し、混合物を室温で24時間攪拌する。それから40μl のグリシン溶液 (2M, pH 9.0) を添加し、混合物をさらに室温で4時間攪拌する。
1mlあたり上述のアビジン被覆ナノ粒子の粒子が約0.30mg濃度である懸濁液を、遠心分離により調製し、再度、25 mM TRIS、 150 mM NaCl、 0.1% Tween 20(商品名) および2 % PEG 6000 溶液(pH 7.4) (Sigmaより入手)に再度懸濁する。粒子懸濁液500 μlを、記録分光光度計(Shimadzu UV-160)の石英セル内で、CVD傾向を検査する患者から採取した血漿サンプル(約 20 μl)に混合する。340 nmの単色光の吸収を記録し、60秒後、ビオチンでラベルした抗カルプロテクチン抗体75 μg(例えば、ビオチンラベル化アフィニティー精製卵ポリクローナルは、ノルウェーのNorwegian Antibodies ASより購入)を25 mM TRIS、150 mM NaClおよび0.1% Tween 20(商品名)溶液(pH 7.4 )50μlで希釈したものを、前記石英セルに添加して、混合する。340 nm単色光の吸収は、25 mM TRIS、150 mM NaCl および 0.1% Tween 20(商品名)(pH 7.4)溶液を含む参照セルを用いて迅速に測定し、再度、約15分経過するまで規則的な間隔(例えば、2分ごと)で測定する。時間ごとの吸収の増加は、標準的なカイネティックモードでの濁度表示またはエンドポイント(終点)の表示にしたがって算出する。各時間の光吸収の増加は、抗体被覆ナノ粒子の添加に先立つ測定値および/または測定終了時の測定値との相対関係が算出される。
(a) 抗カルプロテクチン抗体被覆ナノ粒子の調製
4.2 % w/v クロロメチル活性化ナノ粒子(直径44 nm)(米国Interfacial Dynamic Corporationより入手)1 mlを、孔径が10,000kDの膜を用いて、水で透析する。 それから、10 mM ホウ酸および15 mM 塩化ナトリウム溶液 (pH 9.0)0.5mlを添加する。精製抗カルプロテクチン抗体(例えば、アフィニティー精製された卵ポリクローナル抗体は、ノルウェーNorwegian Antibodies ASより入手) 27mgを10 mM ホウ酸および15 mM 塩化ナトリウム溶液(pH 9.0)で透析する。
上述の抗体被覆ナノ粒子400gを含む10 mM ホウ酸、15 mM NaCl、0.1% Tween 20(商品名)、 3 g/l 卵アルブミン溶液(pH 9.0) 50mlの懸濁液を調製する。
(a) ストレプトアビジン被覆ナノ粒子の調製
4.2 % w/v クロロメチル活性化ナノ粒子(直径67 nm)(米国Interfacial Dynamic Corporationより入手)600μmを、孔径が10,000 kDの膜を用いて、水で透析する。 それから、10 mM リン酸および15 mM 塩化ナトリウム緩衝液(pH7.4)0.5mlを、10mMリン酸および150mMNaCl緩衝液(pH7.4)(Pierce Chemical Companyより入手)に溶解した10mgストレプトアビジンとともに添加し、混合液を室温で24時間攪拌する。それから、グリシン溶液(2 M 、pH 9.0)40μl を添加し、混合物をさらに室温で4時間攪拌する。
1mlあたり上述のアビジン被覆ナノ粒子の粒子が0.60mg濃度である懸濁液を、遠心分離により調製し、再度、25 mM TRIS、 150 mM NaCl、 0.1% Tween 20(商品名) および1 % PEG 6000 溶液(pH 7.4) (Sigmaより入手)に再度懸濁する。粒子懸濁液500μlを、記録分光光度計(例えば、Shimadzu UV-160)の測定石英セル内で、CVD傾向を検査する患者から採取した血漿サンプル(約5μl)に混合する。560nm単色光の吸収を記録し、60秒後、0.15nmolビオチンでラベルした抗カルプロテクチン抗体75μg(例えば、ビオチンラベル化アフィニティー精製卵ポリクローナルは、ノルウェーのNorwegian Antibodies ASより購入)を25 mM TRIS、150 mM NaClおよび0.1% Tween 20 (商品名)溶液(pH 7.4 )50μlで希釈したものを、前記石英セルに添加して、混合する。単340nm色光の吸収は、25 mM TRIS、150 mM NaCl および 0.1% Tween 20(商品名)(pH 7.4)を含むリファレンスセルを用いて迅速に測定し、再度、約15分経過するまで規則的な間隔(例えば、2分ごと)で測定する。各時間の吸収の増加は、カイネティックモードでの濁度表示もしくはエンドポイント表示にしたがって算出する。各時間の光吸収の増加は、抗体被覆ナノ粒子の添加に先立つ測定値および/または測定終了時の測定値との相対関係で算出される。
(a) 抗カルプロテクチン抗体被覆ナノ粒子の調製
4.2 % w/v クロロメチル活性化ナノ粒子(平均直径67 nm)(米国Interfacial Dynamic Corporationより入手)1mlを、孔径10,000 kDの膜を用いて、水で透析する。 それから、10mlの水に希釈する。精製抗カルプロテクチン抗体(例えば、アフィニティー精製された卵ポリクローナル抗体は、ノルウェーNorwegian Antibodies ASより入手) 27mgを10 mM ホウ酸および15 mM 塩化ナトリウム緩衝液(pH 9.0).で透析し、最終的に同じ10 mM ホウ酸および15 mM 塩化ナトリウム溶液(pH 9.0)で6mlに希釈する。
上述の抗体被覆ナノ粒子の懸濁液0.7 mg/ml を、0.25 mM TRIS、 0.15 M NaCl および 0.1 % Tween(pH 8.0)で調製した。.
CVD潜在性またはCVD傾向の検出のためのカルプロテクチンと他のマーカーとの比較
冠状石灰化(Coronary calcification)は、CVD発生に強く関係し、CVD潜在性(例えば、心筋梗塞(mycocardial infarction)または卒中)を予測する有益な方法を立証する。
カルプロテクチン
カルプロテクチンは、商品名Calprest test (イタリアEurospitalより購入) により測定され、データは、標準偏差、中央値、極小および極大を用いて、患者およびコントロール群について要約された。中央値に対する95%信頼性のある区間が算出された。AndersonDarling calculationが、正常性のテストとして使用された。カルプロテクチンは、同じ要約統計を用いて性別により要約した。
カルシウム値は、ElectronBeam Computed Tomography (EBCT)スキャニングにより測定された、症例およびコントロール群のデータが要約された。
hsCRPは、Dade Behringの“N High Sensitivity CRP”分析(Roberts et al., Clinical Chemistry, 2000, 46:4, p 461-468)により測定された。平均、標準偏差、中央値、最小および最大を用いて、患者およびコントロール群についてのデータが要約された。
血漿ホモシステイン (Hcy)は、Abbott IMx 方法(Shipchandler, M. T. and Moore E. G., Clinical Chemistry, 1995, 41:7, p. 991-994)により測定された。標準偏差、中央値、最小および最大を用いて、患者およびコントロール群についてのデータが要約された。
(i)カイ二乗テスト
カイ二乗テストは、マーカーのペア間における共変の試験に使用された。
2×2クロス集計(例えば、カイ二乗表)を用いた確率比は、一致しない2テストの確率に対する、共変する(co-varying)2テストの確率比である。このため、確率比は、2テスト間における関連の規模の程度として判断される。確率比は、CS対カルプロテクチン、hsCRPおよびHcyについてそれぞれ算出された。
(i)MannWhitney テスト
これは、二つのマーカーの中央値が非常に異なる場合、テストされる非パラメーターテストである(データは、正常に分布する必要はない)。Minitabは、両方のデータセットからの全データを、最も高いものに対する、最も低い1〜200までをあげて、順番に分類する。そして、ソフトウェアは、比較する2つのグループにつてランクスコアを加え、ランダムサンプリングが、実験において観察される中間値まで離れた中間値を結果として生じる可能性を示すP値を提示する。
標準症例から疾患症例を区別するための試験能は、Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC:受信者動作特性)曲線分析を用いて評価できる。ROC曲線分析は、カルプロテクチンとhsCRPの両方に、また、2つのマーカーの比較として、使用された。
カルプロテクチンの要約統計
図1は、全200人の試験患者の分布曲線を示す。
図2は、全200人の試験患者の分布曲線を示す。表2は、コントロール群および症例群おけるEBCTカルシウム値の要約統計を示す。コントロール群の中央カルシウム値は、症例群の259に比較して、0である。中央カルシウム値は、コントロール群の男性女性ともにそれぞれ0であり、症例群はそれぞれ315および256である。
図3は、全200人の試験患者の分布曲線を示す。下記表3は、コントロール群と症例群におけるhsCRPの要約統計を示す。HsCRPの中間値は、コントロールおよびケース群ともに1.2 mg/Lである。中間hsCRPは、コントロール群の女性が1.6 mg/Lであり、男性が0.7 mg/L、症例群は、それぞれ1.3 mg/Lおよび1.1 mg/Lであった。
図4は、全200人の試験患者の分布曲線を示す。下記表4は、コントロール群と症例群におけるHcyの要約統計を示す。Hcy濃度の中間値は、症例群が8.5 μmol/L であるのに対して、コントロール群が7.5 μmol/Lである。中間Hcy濃度は、コントロール群女性が7.15 μmol/Lであり、男性が8.55 μmol/L、症例群はそれぞれ7.35μmol/L および8.55μmol/Lである。
(i)カイ二乗テスト
Minitabを用いて、カイ二乗表を行った(下記表5を参照)。このテストは、データセット(仮定するランダム分布)と観察されたデータとの間で予想分布を比較する。重要な値は、ランダムに分布していないデータの程度の測定値である。例えば、カルプロテクチン陽性のデータを考察すると、カルシウム陽性と陰性との間で割れている(split)ことが予想される(両カラムにおいて予想される30.5)。しかしながら、観察されたsplitは、陰性22、陽性39であり、カルシウム陽性がカルプロテクチン陽性と共変する傾向を示す。
確率比は、表5および表6から誘導でき、予想されるものから観察される偏差の値がどれくらい離れているかという程度がわかる。予想される一致する数を互いに掛けあわせ、予想される不一致の値の積により割れば、1の値が得られる。
確率比と同じカットオフを使用した前述のデータにおけるカイ二乗試験は、カルシウム値とカルプロテクチンの結果との間において重要な一致(P 0.009)を示す。対照的に、CRP試験とホモシステイン試験のいずれも、カルシウム値と重要な共変を示さなかった。また、重要な一致(○.○○○)は、カルプロテクチンとCRPとの間で見られた。
(i)MannWhitney テスト
図5は、カルシウム陽性結果とカルシウム陰性結果との間におけるカルプロテクチン分布のドットプロットを示す。
図6および図7は、全患者と男性群についてのカルプロテクチンおよびhsCRPのROC曲線を示す。下記表9は、ROC曲線の面積を示す。
CVD潜在性のテストとして、表7におけるカットオフレベル(Hcy カットオフ 12μmol)でのカルプロテクチン、CRPおよびホモシステイン(Hcy)テストのそれぞれの精度が、カルシウム値>100がCVDの高いリスクを反映するとの推測を評価した。分析の結果を表10に示す。
カルシウムに対するCRPの一致比は、50%(25+75/200)
カルシウムに対するホモシステインの一致比は、50.5%(24+77/200)
Claims (11)
- カルプロテクチン含有体液におけるカルプロテクチン測定のための分析方法であって、前記方法が、(a)前記体液のサンプル又は前記体液に由来するサンプルを、ナノ粒子結合抗カルプロテクチン抗体もしくは抗体断片に接触させ、前記カルプロテクチンを結合させる工程、および、(b)比濁法により前記サンプル中のカルプロテクチン濃度を定性的、定量的、又は半定量的に決定する工程を含み、前記抗体または抗体断片で被覆されたナノ粒子の直径が、65〜140nmの範囲である方法。
- 前記抗体または抗体断片で被覆されたナノ粒子の直径が、75〜120nmの範囲である請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、単一分散である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 不透明化エンハンサー(opacity enhancer)が工程(a)と(b)の間に添加される請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記体液が、血液、血清、血漿、尿、髄液、唾液、関節液(synovial fluid)または鼻腔液(empyema fluid)から選択される請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 自動分析として実行される請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の分析方法に使用するキットであって、ナノ粒子上に固定化された1つ以上の抗カルプロテクチン抗体または抗体断片を含むキット。
- さらに、既知濃度のカルプロテクチン溶液または幅のある濃度範囲のカルプロテクチン溶液のセットを含む請求項7記載のキット。
- さらに、光透過容器を含む、請求項7または8に記載のキット。
- さらに、不透明化エンハンサーを含む請求項7から9のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- さらに、検出器を含む請求項7から10のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
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