JP5743683B2 - Compressor, compressor operating method, and refrigeration cycle apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a compressor, a compressor operating method, and a refrigeration cycle apparatus.

  Compressors used in heat pump air conditioners, refrigerators, water heaters, etc. have a compressor heater wound around the surface and are energized so that refrigerant does not accumulate inside the compressor when the compressor is stopped . The compressor surface is insulated by a cover to reduce heat dissipation. Further, JP 2002-61967 A discloses an example in which a heat storage material is used for this cover and heat generation energy during operation of the compressor is stored in the heat storage material to suppress a temperature drop or refrigerant accumulation when the compressor is stopped. ing.

JP 2002-61967 A

  In Patent Document 1, when the compressor is stopped for a long time, the heat generated during operation of the compressor stored in the heat storage material is lost, so that the compressor heater capacity cannot be reduced and standby power cannot be reduced. .

  An object of the present invention is to reduce standby power when the compressor is stopped.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a compressor body, an adsorbent filling member that has an adsorbent that generates heat when adsorbing a reaction working medium and covers the compressor body, and the adsorption in the adsorbent filling member. An introduction pipe for supplying the reaction working medium to the agent, an introduction valve provided in the introduction pipe for opening and closing the introduction pipe, a discharge pipe for discharging the reaction working medium, and a discharge pipe provided in the discharge pipe. If a discharge valve for opening and closing, the inlet valve opens, and the discharge valve is closed, the adsorbent generates heat by adsorbing the reaction working medium is a suction state of heating the compressor body, Based on the compressor body temperature, the adsorbent temperature, the outside air temperature, the adsorption reaction time of the adsorbent, or the operating state of the outdoor unit provided with the compressor body, the introduction valve is closed to change the adsorption state. It is characterized by terminating .

  According to the present invention, standby power when the compressor is stopped can be reduced.

It is an adsorption agent filling member installation figure by the form of Example 1 of the present invention. It is an adsorption agent filling member figure by the form of Example 1 of the present invention. It is an adsorption agent filling member figure by the form of Example 2 of this invention. (2 adsorbed water introduction pipes) It is an adsorption agent filling member figure by the form of Example 3 of this invention. (Many adsorbed water introduction pipes) It is an adsorption agent filling member figure by the form of Example 4 of this invention. (Moisture introduction into the atmosphere) It is a structure figure of the adsorption agent filling member by the form of Example 1 of this invention. (Sealed) It is a structure figure of the adsorption agent filling member by the form of Example 1 of this invention. (Cover type) It is an example of a refrigerating cycle diagram including a compressor using an adsorbent filling member. It is an example of a refrigerating cycle diagram including a compressor using an adsorbent filling member. (Drain water introduction) It is an example of a refrigerating cycle diagram including a compressor using an adsorbent filling member. (Regeneration with a vacuum pump) It is an example of a refrigerating cycle diagram including a compressor using an adsorbent filling member. (Sealed chemical heat pump) It is a figure of adsorption | suction of an adsorption agent filling member, a regeneration state, and operation | movement of a valve. It is a control flowchart of adsorption | suction and regeneration of an adsorbent filling member.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a compressor cover of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an installation diagram of an adsorbent filling member according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This compressor (compressor main body) 11 may be used for any of an air conditioner, a refrigerator, and a water heater. Moreover, it may be long vertically or horizontally long as shown in the figure. The central cylinder in the figure is the compressor 11, and the adsorbent filling member 51 is wound around this surface. An adsorbed water introduction pipe (introduction pipe) 62 for introducing water used for the adsorption reaction is connected to the upper part of the adsorbent filling member 51, and an adsorbed water introduction valve (in the middle of the adsorbed water introduction pipe 62 ( Water is introduced by opening the introduction valve 52. When water is introduced into the adsorbent filling member 51 from the adsorbed water introduction pipe 62 while the compressor 11 is stopped, the adsorbent spread in the adsorbent filling member 51 generates heat (adsorption reaction). The amount of heat generated and the time until completion of the reaction vary depending on the amount of adsorbent, the type of adsorbent, the amount of water, and the like. The adsorbed water introduction valve 52 is closed when the reaction is completed or a necessary amount of heat is obtained.

  It is preferable that the adsorbent filling member 51 has a clearance so that water can be adsorbed and regenerated. As the adsorbent, zeolite that adsorbs water, activated carbon, activated alumina, silica gel, or the like may be used, or a substance that can be used as a chemical heat pump may be used. For example, reaction heat of magnesium chloride / water or sulfuric acid / water may be used. In the embodiments, the reaction working medium is assumed to be water, but ammonia, methanol, hydrogen, etc. may be used in addition to water, and a combination of ammonia / ammonia, calcium chloride / methanol, metal hydride / hydrogen may be used.

  When the heat required for heating the compressor 11 is changed to a heater or a heat storage material and a chemical reaction such as that described above is used, heat can be generated at a low power when necessary. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the standby power for preventing the refrigerant 11 from sleeping while the compressor 11 is stopped. Furthermore, if the calorific value is further adjusted, the necessary amount of heat can be generated when necessary with low power. Therefore, the temperature of the compressor 11 can be increased immediately before the operation, and the start-up during the heating operation can be accelerated.

  The adsorbent can adsorb water again by separating (regeneration reaction) the adsorbed water. In order to regenerate, it is necessary to heat the adsorbent, and heat generated from the compressor 11 in operation by starting the compressor 11 is used. A reclaimed water discharge pipe (discharge pipe) 63 for discharging water or water vapor generated during the regeneration reaction is connected to the lower part of the adsorbent filling member 51, and a reclaimed water discharge valve (discharge valve) 53 provided in the middle of the reclaimed water discharge pipe 63. Opening will drain water. By closing the reclaimed water discharge valve 53 after the completion of the discharge, the adsorbent filling member 51 becomes a closed space and moisture hardly enters, so that the regenerated state can be maintained until the next time the adsorbent is used.

  At the start of operation of the compressor 11, standby power for preventing refrigerant stagnation can be reduced by using heat generated by the adsorbent absorbing moisture. During operation of the compressor 11, The heat of the adsorbent can be used to release and regenerate the moisture in the adsorbent.

  In this embodiment, the compressor cover 50 is wound around the adsorbent filling member 51. According to this, since the heat retention effect of the compressor 11 is enhanced by making it difficult for the heat generated in the adsorbent filling member 51 to escape, standby power is further reduced, and the compressor 11 is likely to start up quickly.

  FIG. 2 is an adsorbent filling member diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention. The shape of the adsorbent filling member 51 is cylindrical so that it can be attached to the compressor 11 later. When the discharge pipe is connected to the side surface, the cylinder is flat so as to be wound around the compressor 11. You may be able to expand to.

  FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of the adsorbent filling member according to the first embodiment. The adsorbent is disposed in a space sealed by the adsorbent filling member alone. As a result, the compressor can be retrofitted, and the adsorbent can be regenerated with the adsorbent filling member alone in advance, so that the assembly workability is improved.

  FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of the adsorbent filling member according to the first embodiment. In this figure, the adsorbent is attached to the surface of the compressor 11. In order to shut off the adsorbent and the outside air, an adsorbent filling member cover is attached from above. Since the adsorbent adhering to the compressor surface from the adsorbent filling member of FIG. 6 can directly transmit the heat generation energy of the adsorbent to the compressor, the thermal efficiency is increased and the standby power is further reduced. Is likely to rise quickly.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the adsorption and regeneration states of the adsorbent filling member and the operation of the valve according to this embodiment. There are three states: normal state, adsorption state, and regeneration state. In the normal state, both the adsorbed water introduction valve and the regeneration water discharge valve are closed. In the adsorption state, the adsorption water introduction valve is open, and the regeneration water discharge valve is closed, regeneration. The adsorbed water introduction valve is closed and the reclaimed water discharge valve is open. In the case of a closed loop as shown in FIG. 11 and the like, in the adsorbed and regenerated state, both the adsorbed water introduction valve and the reclaimed water discharge valve may be opened. The state shown in FIG. 12 is common to the following embodiments.

  FIG. 13 is a flowchart for controlling the adsorption and regeneration of the adsorbent filling member of this embodiment. Adsorption and regeneration are performed by transitioning the three states described in FIG.

  First, the normal state will be described. There are two determinations in the normal state, one is a transition determination to the adsorption state, and the other is a transition determination to the regeneration state. Adsorption state transition conditions are that the regeneration of the adsorbent is completed and adsorption is possible, that the compressor is just before starting (compressor OFF → ON), and that the heat of adsorption is required (Tcomp <T_kyu etc.). Also good. A regeneration end flag may be used to determine whether or not adsorption is possible, and a regeneration end flag may be set when the power is reset or at the first product. As shown in the figure, Flg = 0 may be used as the reproduction end flag. When these conditions are satisfied, the state shifts to the adsorption state, and when the conditions are not satisfied, the state shifts to the transition determination formula for the regeneration state. The regeneration state transition condition may be that the adsorbent needs to be regenerated and that the compressor temperature has reached a reproducible temperature (Tcomp> T_sai, etc.). An adsorption end flag may be used for determining whether or not the adsorbent needs to be regenerated, and Flg = 1 may be used as the adsorption end flag as shown in the figure. When these conditions are satisfied, the state transits to the regeneration state, and when the conditions are not fulfilled, the state remains in the normal state, and the transition to the adsorption state transition judgment formula is again made at an appropriate time interval.

  Next, the adsorption state will be described. The adsorption state includes determination of the end of the adsorption state. Here, as the end condition of the adsorption state, the compressor temperature (adsorbent temperature), the outside air temperature, the time of the adsorption reaction, and the operation state of the outdoor unit may be comprehensively determined. Regarding the compressor temperature, if the necessary temperature can be secured, the adsorption reaction may be terminated, and the necessary temperature may be judged including the outside air temperature. Further, when the adsorbent temperature rises, the adsorption reaction itself becomes slow and the amount of water that can be adsorbed decreases, so that the adsorption reaction may be completed including the compressor temperature and the time of the adsorption reaction. Further, when the outdoor unit stops in the suction state, the suction state may be terminated and the normal state may be entered. If the adsorption state end condition is not satisfied, the adsorption state is continued. If the adsorption state end condition is satisfied, the adsorption state flag is set to end adsorption and then the normal state is entered. Further, when the adsorption amount is small and the adsorption reaction can be performed again without regenerating, the adsorption state may be terminated while the adsorbent state flag remains adsorbable. In this case, the regeneration state does not shift from the normal state, but shifts to the adsorption state again when the next compressor is started.

  Next, the playback state will be described. The playback state includes determination of the end of the playback state. Here, as the end condition of the regeneration state, the compressor temperature (adsorbent temperature), the outside air temperature, the time of the adsorption reaction, and the operation state of the outdoor unit may be comprehensively determined. When the adsorbent temperature is lowered to a temperature at which regeneration is not possible, the regeneration reaction may be terminated, and the judgment as to whether regeneration is possible may be made including the outside air temperature. Further, when the adsorbent temperature is lowered, the regeneration reaction itself is delayed and the amount of water generated is also reduced. Therefore, the regeneration reaction may be terminated including the compressor temperature and the time for the regeneration reaction. Even when the outdoor unit stops in the regenerative state, the regenerative state may be continued if the compressor has residual heat, or the regenerative state may be terminated and the normal state may be entered. Even in the normal state where the outdoor unit and the compressor are stopped, if the heat can be secured by heating the compressor heater, the state can be changed to the regenerated state. If the regeneration state end condition is not satisfied, the regeneration state is continued. If the regeneration state end condition is satisfied, the regeneration state is set in the adsorbent state flag, and then the normal state is entered. If the regeneration amount is small and regeneration is necessary again, the adsorption state may be terminated with the adsorbent state flag remaining as the adsorption end. The flowchart shown in FIG. 13 is common to the following embodiments.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram of an adsorbent filling member according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Two adsorbed water introduction pipes 62 are provided so that the water adsorbed by the adsorbent filling member 51 is evenly distributed. In addition, a gradient may be provided on the lower surface of the cylinder so that water generated at the time of regeneration does not accumulate at the lower part of the adsorbent filling member 51, and the reclaimed water discharge pipe 63 may be attached to the lowest point. According to this, since most of the water can be discharged, it is possible to reduce the adsorbent that cannot be regenerated by being immersed in water, and a sufficient adsorption reaction can be caused each time.

  FIG. 4 is an adsorbent filling member diagram according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The number of adsorbed water introduction pipes 62 is increased to nine in the circumferential direction so that the water adsorbed by the adsorbent filling member 51 is more evenly distributed. The number may be more or less than this. Thereby, since an adsorption reaction can be generated in a short time, the rise at the time of heating operation can be further accelerated.

  FIG. 5 is an adsorbent filling member diagram according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Although the case where water was introduced at the time of adsorption | suction was demonstrated in FIGS. 1-4, in this adsorbent filling member, adsorption | suction reaction is generated by introduce | transducing water vapor | steam in air | atmosphere. As a method for introducing water vapor in the atmosphere, an introduction pipe may be used as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, but a mechanism for lifting an upper plane surrounded by a double circle in order to generate an adsorption reaction in a short time. You may introduce | transduce the water vapor | steam in air | atmosphere. As a method of lifting, a method of lifting only one end as shown in the left figure or a method of lifting evenly at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction as shown in the right figure may be used. In this system, the steam introduction valve can be omitted. Moreover, you may lift an upper plane as a method of discharging | emitting the water vapor | steam generated at the time of reproduction | regeneration. Similarly, the steam may be discharged by opening the introduction pipe shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 8 is an example of a refrigeration cycle diagram including a compressor using the adsorbent filling member of the present invention. In the figure, an indoor unit is attached to form an air conditioner. However, instead of an indoor unit, a plate heat exchanger may be attached and used as an outdoor heat source unit, or a double pipe may be used to exchange heat with water as a water heater. May be used.

  First, the behavior of the refrigerant and the adsorption reaction of the adsorbent when the outdoor unit 10 and the compressor 11 are stopped will be described. During the cooling operation period, the outside air is high and the temperatures of the outdoor unit 10 and the compressor 11 are high. Further, when the outside air is higher than the room temperature, a larger amount of refrigerant is accumulated on the indoor unit 40 side than on the outdoor unit 10 side, so that it is difficult for the refrigerant to accumulate in the stopped compressor 11. On the other hand, during the heating operation period, the outside air is low and the temperature of the compressor 11 tends to be low. Further, since the refrigerant is generally collected from the indoor unit 40 side to the outdoor unit 10 side because the outside air is lower than the room temperature, the refrigerant tends to accumulate in the stopped compressor 11. When the refrigerant accumulates in the stopped compressor 11, the viscosity of the oil held inside the compressor 11 is lowered, causing poor lubrication of the compressor mechanism at the start of operation. In order to prevent this, a compressor heater 54 is wound around the compressor 11 and energized. Further, in order to reduce the energization amount (standby power) when the compressor is stopped, the compressor cover 50 is also wound efficiently to increase the compressor temperature, and at the same time, the compressor temperature is measured by the compressor thermistor 55 to collect the refrigerant. When a temperature of a certain level can be secured, the compressor heater 54 is turned off. In this embodiment, the adsorbed water introduction valve 52 is opened immediately before the compressor is started to cause the adsorbent to undergo an adsorption reaction to generate heat, thereby increasing the compressor temperature. In view of this heat, it is possible to lower the temperature when the compressor is stopped, and to reduce the standby power when the compressor is stopped. Moreover, the stand-by power when the compressor is stopped can be made equal, and the rise in the heating operation can be accelerated by increasing the compressor temperature immediately before starting. Here, at the time when the adsorption reaction of the adsorbent is completed, or when the heat energy at the time of activation becomes unnecessary, the adsorbed water introduction valve 52 is closed to wait for the regeneration reaction.

  Next, the refrigerant flow and the adsorbent regeneration reaction during the heating operation of the outdoor unit 10 will be described. The high-pressure gas refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 is sent to the gas pipe 30 and the indoor unit 40 by the four-way valve 13, and heat-exchanged with the indoor air by the indoor heat exchanger 41 to condense and become high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Then, it is sent to the liquid main pipe 34, decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve 15, heat exchanged with the outdoor air by the outdoor heat exchanger 14 and evaporated to become a low-pressure gas refrigerant, sent to the compressor 11 by the four-way valve 13, and compressed again. Here, if the temperature of the compressor 11 is low when the heating is started, in the case of the high pressure chamber system, a part of heat of the discharged high pressure gas is used for increasing the temperature of the compressor 11, so that it takes time to start up the heating. Even in the low-pressure chamber system, if the compressor temperature is low at the time of heating activation, the amount of heat given to the suction refrigerant is small and the amount of heat of the discharged refrigerant is also small. For this reason, raising the compressor temperature immediately before starting is effective in speeding up the start of heating. Here, when the temperature of the compressor 11 rises after the heating is started, the reclaimed water discharge valve 53 is opened to discharge the water adsorbed by the adsorbent to the outside. When the regeneration reaction is completed or when unnecessary water or water vapor is discharged, the regeneration water discharge valve 53 is closed to prepare for the next adsorption reaction. The control of the adsorbed water introduction valve 52 and the reclaimed water discharge valve 53 is performed by the control circuit 61.

  FIG. 9 is an example in which the water supply source for the adsorbed water introduction valve 52 is the drain water of the outdoor unit 10 with respect to the example of the refrigeration cycle diagram of FIG. During the heating operation period, the outdoor unit 10 becomes an evaporator, and moisture in the outside air is condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger 14 and accumulated in the lower part. Or when it forms frost, it enters into defrost control and water collects in the lower part. By collecting this water with a drain pan 57 installed in the lower part of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 and using it at the time of the adsorption reaction, external supply water becomes unnecessary.

  FIG. 10 is an example in which a vacuum pump 58 is attached to the end of the reclaimed water discharge valve 53 in the example of the refrigeration cycle diagram of FIG. By pulling the adsorbent filling member 51 to a vacuum during the regeneration reaction of the adsorbent, it is possible to effectively discharge moisture and water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent.

  FIG. 11 shows an example in which a finned tube heat exchanger 59 is attached to the end of the adsorbed water introduction valve 52 and the reclaimed water discharge valve 53, and water or a reaction working medium is sealed to perform the adsorbed regenerative reaction in contrast to the example of the refrigeration cycle diagram of FIG. It is. First, at the time of the adsorption reaction, a reaction working medium is placed in the finned tube heat exchanger 59, and the adsorbed water introduction valve 52 and the reclaimed water discharge valve 53 are opened and reacted. At this time, since the reaction working medium of the fin tube heat exchanger 59 evaporates and the temperature decreases, the outdoor fan 19 may be rotated to cause an adsorption reaction while exchanging heat with the outside air. When the reaction is completed, the adsorbed water introduction valve 52 and the recycled water discharge valve 53 are closed to prepare for the regeneration reaction.

  Next, at the time of the regeneration reaction, the adsorbed water introduction valve 52 and the recycled water discharge valve 53 are opened, and the outdoor fan 19 is turned to react. Since the temperature of the adsorbent filling member 51 is high and the temperature of the fin tube heat exchanger 59 is low, the reaction working medium exits the adsorbent and condenses in the fin tube heat exchanger 59. When the reaction is completed, the adsorbed water introduction valve 52 and the reclaimed water discharge valve 53 are closed to prepare for the adsorption reaction. By carrying out such a heat cycle in a closed loop, it is not necessary to supply water or the like, and it is also possible to realize a reaction working medium such as ammonia, methanol or hydrogen. In the case of water, the pressure can be made lower than the atmospheric pressure and adjusted to a pressure at which condensation and evaporation on the fin tube side, adsorption of the adsorbent, and regeneration reaction can be appropriately performed.

10 Outdoor unit 11 Compressor (Compressor body)
13 Four-way valve 14 Outdoor heat exchanger 15 Outdoor expansion valve 19 Outdoor fan 30 Gas pipe 34 Liquid main pipe 40 Indoor unit 41 Indoor heat exchanger 42 Indoor expansion valve 50 Compressor cover 51 Adsorbent filling member 52 Adsorbed water introduction valve (introduction valve) )
53 Reclaimed water discharge valve (discharge valve)
54 Compressor heater 55 Compressor thermistor 57 Drain pan 58 Vacuum pump 59 Finned tube heat exchanger 61 Control circuit 62 Adsorbed water introduction pipe (introduction pipe)
63 Reclaimed water discharge pipe (discharge pipe)

Claims (9)

A main body of the compressor, an adsorbent filling member having an adsorbent that generates heat when adsorbing the reaction working medium, and covering the compressor main body; and an introduction pipe for supplying the reaction working medium to the adsorbent in the adsorbent filling member And an introduction valve that opens and closes the introduction pipe provided in the introduction pipe, a discharge pipe that discharges the reaction working medium, and a discharge valve that is provided in the discharge pipe and opens and closes the discharge pipe,
When the introduction valve is open , the discharge valve is closed, and the adsorbent is in an adsorption state in which the reaction working medium is adsorbed to generate heat and heats the compressor body .
Based on the compressor body temperature, the adsorbent temperature, the outside air temperature, the adsorption reaction time of the adsorbent, or the operating state of the outdoor unit provided with the compressor body, the introduction valve is closed to change the adsorption state. Compressor characterized by being terminated .   2. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein when the compressor main body is stopped, the introduction valve is opened to supply the reaction working medium to the adsorbent in the adsorbent filling member.   The compressor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the introduction pipe is connected to an upper portion of the adsorbent filling member, and the discharge pipe is connected to a lower portion of the adsorbent filling member.   The compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a plurality of the introduction pipes.   The compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the adsorbent filling member has a cylindrical shape that covers a side surface of the compressor, and a gradient is provided on a lower surface of the adsorbent filling member.   The compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the discharge pipe includes a vacuum pump.   The compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein zeolite is used for the adsorbent filling member, and water or water vapor is used for the reaction working medium.   Opening the introduction valve to supply the reaction working medium to the adsorbent in the adsorbent filling member, closing the introduction valve, starting the compressor body and adsorbing to the adsorbent The method for operating a compressor according to claim 1, further comprising: separating the reaction working medium; and discharging the separated reaction working medium by opening the discharge valve.   A refrigeration cycle apparatus in which the compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, an indoor heat exchanger, an outdoor expansion valve, and an outdoor heat exchanger are connected by piping, wherein the introduction pipe and one end are connected and the discharge pipe is connected. And a finned tube heat exchanger with the other end connected to circulate the reaction working medium.

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