JP5623847B2 - Method for producing thickened concrete - Google Patents
Method for producing thickened concrete Download PDFInfo
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- JP5623847B2 JP5623847B2 JP2010213032A JP2010213032A JP5623847B2 JP 5623847 B2 JP5623847 B2 JP 5623847B2 JP 2010213032 A JP2010213032 A JP 2010213032A JP 2010213032 A JP2010213032 A JP 2010213032A JP 5623847 B2 JP5623847 B2 JP 5623847B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B16/02—Cellulosic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
- C04B24/18—Lignin sulfonic acid or derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfite lye
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/38—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
Description
本発明は、材料分離抑制を目的として増粘剤を添加した増粘性コンクリートの製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing thickened concrete to which a thickener is added for the purpose of suppressing material separation.
コンクリートの材料分離抑制性能を向上させる方法として、増粘剤をコンクリート中に添加混合する手法が、しばしば行われている。増粘剤はコンクリート混練物等に分散させ易く、軽微な混練操作で容易に配合効果が現れるので液状のものが使用されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。液状の増粘剤は、固形増粘成分を水などの溶媒に溶かしたものが多く、溶解度が概して低いため高濃度の液が得られ難いことから、有効な増粘成分量を確保しようとすると大量の溶媒混入を伴い、コンクリート中の単位水量の管理が繁雑になる。この解消には粉末状の増粘剤の使用が考えられるが、モルタルやコンクリート混練物に加えると増粘剤粉末どうしが粘着し、塊状(玉状)化して均一に分散せず、材料分離抑制効果が発揮し難かった。このため、減水剤粉末と増粘剤粉末の予混合物をコンクリート混練物に加え、増粘剤粉末の近傍に減水剤が存在することによって、増粘剤粉末の塊状化を防ぐことができることが知られている(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
また、増粘剤粉末を生コンクリートプラント等の固定ミキサで混合した場合、ミキサ内壁やホッパーへの増粘成分の付着が生じ、洗浄に手間がかかる、次バッチのコンクリートへの影響が残り易い等の問題点を有していた。これらの問題点を回避するために、減水剤粉末と増粘剤粉末の予混合物を、アジテータ車内へ積載したコンクリート中へ添加し、アジテータ車のドラム内にて攪拌・混合する手法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献3参照)。
As a method for improving the material separation suppressing performance of concrete, a method of adding and mixing a thickener into the concrete is often performed. A thickening agent is easily dispersed in a concrete kneaded material or the like, and since a blending effect appears easily by a slight kneading operation, a liquid one is used (for example, see Patent Document 1). Many liquid thickeners are obtained by dissolving a solid thickener in a solvent such as water. Since the solubility is generally low, it is difficult to obtain a high-concentration liquid. The management of the unit water volume in concrete becomes complicated with a large amount of solvent mixing. The use of a powdery thickener can be considered to solve this problem. However, when added to mortar or concrete kneaded material, the thickener powders stick together and do not disperse uniformly as a lump (ball shape), suppressing material separation. The effect was difficult to demonstrate. For this reason, it is known that the premixture of the water reducing agent powder and the thickener powder is added to the concrete kneaded material, and the presence of the water reducing agent in the vicinity of the thickener powder prevents the thickener powder from agglomerating. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).
In addition, when the thickener powder is mixed with a fixed mixer such as a ready-mixed concrete plant, thickening components adhere to the inner wall and hopper of the mixer, which takes time for washing, and the effect on the concrete of the next batch tends to remain. Had problems. In order to avoid these problems, a method has been proposed in which a premixed mixture of water reducing agent powder and thickener powder is added to the concrete loaded in the agitator car and agitated and mixed in the drum of the agitator car. (For example, see Patent Document 3).
しかるに、減水剤粉末と増粘剤粉末の予混合物をアジテータ車のドラム内にて攪拌・混合する場合、ドラムの高速攪拌時に巻き込まれた空気がコンクリート内に保持され易く、コンクリート中の含有空気量が増大し、硬化後の強度低下を招くといった問題があった。
このような過大な空気量巻き込みを防止するために、消泡剤をコンクリート中に添加するといった手段も考えられる。特に、水中不分離性コンクリート製造時に添加される水中不分離性混和剤(増粘剤の一種)中には、消泡成分が予混合されていることが多い。
このような水中に打設するコンクリートでは、寒冷時でも凍結の危険性が少ないため、適正空気量確保による耐凍害性向上の必要がないが、一般のコンクリートでは、JIS A 5308「レディーミクストコンクリート」に規定されているように、耐凍害性向上のために4.5〜5.0%程度の空気量の確保が必要である。しかしながら、消泡剤を配合した場合、空気量が過少となり、安定的に5%前後の空気量を確保するのが困難となるといった問題点を有していた。
However, when the premixture of water reducing agent powder and thickener powder is stirred and mixed in the drum of the agitator car, the air entrained during high-speed stirring of the drum is easily held in the concrete, and the amount of air contained in the concrete There is a problem in that the strength increases and the strength decreases after curing.
In order to prevent such an excessive amount of air entrainment, a means of adding an antifoaming agent to the concrete is also conceivable. In particular, an antifoaming component is often premixed in an underwater inseparable admixture (a kind of thickener) added during the production of underwater inseparable concrete.
In such concrete placed in water, there is little risk of freezing even in cold weather, so there is no need to improve frost resistance by securing an appropriate amount of air, but in general concrete JIS A 5308 “Ready mixed concrete” In order to improve the frost damage resistance, it is necessary to secure an air amount of about 4.5 to 5.0%. However, when an antifoaming agent is blended, there is a problem that the amount of air becomes too small and it becomes difficult to stably secure an air amount of about 5%.
従って、本発明は、減水剤粉末と増粘剤粉末の予混合物をドラム型ミキサ内にて攪拌・混合して増粘性コンクリートを製造する方法であって、適正空気量を安定的に確保可能で、寒冷地であっても使用可能な増粘性コンクリートの製造方法を提供することを課題とする。 Therefore, the present invention is a method for producing a thickened concrete by stirring and mixing a premixture of a water reducing agent powder and a thickener powder in a drum type mixer, and it is possible to stably secure an appropriate amount of air. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing thickened concrete that can be used even in cold regions.
そこで本発明者らは、種々検討した結果、増粘剤と、特定の成分を有する2種類の減水剤とを、可溶性袋状物を用いて特定の手順で添加・混合することにより、前記課題が解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 Therefore, as a result of various studies, the present inventors have added the above-mentioned problem by adding and mixing a thickener and two kinds of water reducing agents having specific components in a specific procedure using a soluble bag. The present invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明は、(a)ポリカルボン酸系化合物又はリグニンスルホン酸系化合物を有効成分とする空気連行性を有する減水剤(A)をベースコンクリート中に混合し、(b)混合終了後、これに、下記式(1)及び(2)で表される構成単位(式中、R1、R2及びR3は同一又は異なって水素原子又はメチル基を示し、R4は炭素数1〜5のアルキル基を示し、M1は水素原子、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、アンモニウム又は有機アミンを示し、Yは−CH2O−又は−COO−を示し、nは20〜50の数を示す。)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系化合物を有効成分とする空気連行性を有しない減水剤粉末(B)と増粘剤粉末(C)との混合物を内封した可溶性袋状物(D)を、ドラム型ミキサで混合することを特徴とする、増粘性コンクリートの製造方法を提供するものである。 That is, the present invention mixes (a) a water reducing agent (A) having an air entrainment property containing a polycarboxylic acid compound or a lignin sulfonic acid compound as an active ingredient into base concrete, and (b) after mixing is completed. This structural unit (wherein represented by the following formula (1) and (2), R 1, R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 4 is 1 to carbon atoms 5 represents an alkyl group, M 1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium or an organic amine, Y represents —CH 2 O— or —COO—, and n represents a number of 20 to 50. A soluble bag (D) containing a mixture of a water reducing agent powder (B) having no air entrainment and a thickener powder (C) containing a (meth) acrylate compound having an active ingredient) Is mixed with a drum-type mixer There is provided a method for producing a thickening concrete.
本発明の増粘性コンクリートの製造方法によれば、5%程度の適正な空気量を安定的に確保可能な増粘性コンクリートを、コンクリートアジテータ車のドラム等のドラム型ミキサでの攪拌でも、容易に得ることが出来る。
適正空気量を確保することにより、耐凍害性を向上せしめることが可能となり、寒冷地での該増粘性コンクリートの使用が可能となる。
According to the method for producing a thickened concrete of the present invention, a thickened concrete capable of stably securing an appropriate air amount of about 5% can be easily obtained even by stirring with a drum-type mixer such as a drum of a concrete agitator car. Can be obtained.
By securing an appropriate amount of air, it is possible to improve the frost damage resistance, and it is possible to use the thickened concrete in cold regions.
本発明方法では、まず(a)ポリカルボン酸系化合物又はリグニンスルホン酸系化合物を有効成分とする空気連行性を有する減水剤(A)をベースコンクリート中に混合する(工程a)。
工程aに用いられる減水剤(A)は、空気連行性を有する減水剤(AE減水剤)であり、ポリカルボン酸系化合物又はリグニンスルホン酸系化合物を含むものである。ポリカルボン酸系化合物としては、ポリアクリル酸、ポリメタクリル酸、ポリオキシアルキレン修飾ポリアクリル酸、ポリオキシアルキレン修飾ポリメタクリル酸又はその塩、ポリアルキレングリコール等をグラフト鎖とする3以上のカルボキシル基を有する櫛形高分子化合物等を主成分とするものが挙げられる。またリグニンスルホン酸系化合物としては、(変性)リグニンスルホン酸、(変性)リグニンスルホン酸塩が挙げられる。
In the method of the present invention, first, (a) a water reducing agent (A) having an air entrainment property containing a polycarboxylic acid compound or a lignin sulfonic acid compound as an active ingredient is mixed into the base concrete (step a).
The water reducing agent (A) used in the step a is a water reducing agent (AE water reducing agent) having air entrainment properties, and contains a polycarboxylic acid compound or a lignin sulfonic acid compound. As polycarboxylic acid compounds, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyoxyalkylene modified polyacrylic acid, polyoxyalkylene modified polymethacrylic acid or salts thereof, polyalkylene glycol and the like having 3 or more carboxyl groups as graft chains Examples thereof include those having a comb polymer compound as a main component. Examples of the lignin sulfonic acid compound include (modified) lignin sulfonic acid and (modified) lignin sulfonate.
ベースコンクリートは、通常のコンクリートであり、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材及び水を混合したものである。セメントとしては、ポルトランドセメント、混合セメント、エコセメント等が用いられる。細骨材及び粗骨材は天然骨材及び人工骨材のいずれも用いられる。 Base concrete is ordinary concrete, which is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. As the cement, Portland cement, mixed cement, eco cement, or the like is used. As the fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate, both natural aggregate and artificial aggregate are used.
また、本発明に使用されるベースコンクリートの混合製造は、例えば二軸ミキサ、パン型ミキサ、傾胴ミキサ等の任意の装置を用いて行うことができる。
本発明の製造方法に使用されるベースコンクリートの組成は特には限定されないが、増粘剤粒子が速やかに分散し易く、かつ、空気量の安定化が容易である点で、スランプで5〜21cmのものであることがより好ましい。ベースコンクリートのスランプが5cm未満である場合、増粘剤粒子添加時の空気の巻き込みが増大し易く、空気量の安定化が阻害される虞があるため、好ましくない。また、ベースコンクリートのスランプが21cmを超える場合、本発明の添加剤混合後に空気量の減少が起こり易く、空気量の安定化が阻害される虞があるため、好ましくない。
Moreover, the mixed production of the base concrete used for this invention can be performed using arbitrary apparatuses, such as a biaxial mixer, a pan-type mixer, a tilting cylinder mixer, for example.
The composition of the base concrete used in the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is 5 to 21 cm as a slump in that the thickener particles are easily dispersed quickly and the amount of air is easily stabilized. More preferably. When the slump of the base concrete is less than 5 cm, the entrainment of air when the thickener particles are added tends to increase, and the stabilization of the air amount may be hindered. Further, when the slump of the base concrete exceeds 21 cm, it is not preferable because the air amount tends to decrease after the additive of the present invention is mixed, and the stabilization of the air amount may be hindered.
ベースコンクリート中への減水剤(A)の混合は、ベースコンクリート100重量部に対し減水剤(A)を固形分換算で0.002〜0.05重量部添加して行うのが好ましい。 The mixing of the water reducing agent (A) into the base concrete is preferably performed by adding 0.002 to 0.05 parts by weight of the water reducing agent (A) in terms of solid content with respect to 100 parts by weight of the base concrete.
(b)ベースコンクリートへの減水剤(A)の混合が十分に終了した時点で、可溶性袋状物(D)を、ドラム型ミキサで混合する(工程b)。ここでベースコンクリートへの減水剤(A)の混合が十分に終了した時点とは、混合より10分以上、さらに20分以上、特に30分以上経過した後が好ましい。混合時間が短かいと、減水剤(A)の添加によるベースコンクリート中のセメントの水和状態の変化が、減水剤(B)に作用し、減水剤(B)の空気巻き込み抑制効果を低減せしめる虞があるため好ましくない。 (B) When the mixing of the water reducing agent (A) into the base concrete is sufficiently completed, the soluble bag (D) is mixed with a drum-type mixer (step b). Here, the time point when the mixing of the water reducing agent (A) into the base concrete is sufficiently completed is preferably after 10 minutes or more, further 20 minutes or more, particularly 30 minutes or more have passed since mixing. If the mixing time is short, the change in the hydration state of the cement in the base concrete due to the addition of the water reducing agent (A) acts on the water reducing agent (B), thereby reducing the air entrainment suppressing effect of the water reducing agent (B). This is not preferable because there is a fear.
工程bに用いられる可溶性袋状物(D)は、下記式(1)及び(2)で表される構成単位(式中、R1、R2及びR3は同一又は異なって水素原子又はメチル基を示し、R4は炭素数1〜5のアルキル基を示し、M1は水素原子、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、アンモニウム又は有機アミンを示し、Yは−CH2O−又は−COO−を示し、nは20〜50の数を示す。)を有する(メタ)アクリレート系化合物を有効成分とする空気連行性を有しない減水剤粉末(B)と増粘剤粉末(C)との混合物を内封した可溶性袋状物である。 The soluble bag-like material (D) used in the step b is a structural unit represented by the following formulas (1) and (2) (wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or methyl R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, M 1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium or an organic amine, and Y represents —CH 2 O— or —COO—. And n represents a number of 20 to 50.) A mixture of a water reducing agent powder (B) having no air entrainment and a thickener powder (C) containing a (meth) acrylate compound having an active ingredient It is a soluble bag-like product encapsulating.
ここに用いられる減水剤(B)は、空気連行性を有しない減水剤である。 The water reducing agent (B) used here is a water reducing agent having no air entrainment.
減水剤(B)の有効成分である(メタ)アクリレート系化合物は、前記式(1)及び式(2)の構成単位を含むものであり、構成単位(1)は40〜80モル%であることが好ましく、特に45〜75モル%であることが好ましく、構成単位(2)は、1種類の場合1〜45モル%が好ましく、特に3〜40モル%であることが好ましい。構成単位(1)中のM1は、水素原子、リチウムやナトリウム等のアルカリ金属、カルシウムやマグネシウム等のアルカリ土類金属、アンモニウム又はエタノールアミン等のアルカノールアミン等が挙げられる。また、構成単位(2)中のnは、20〜50の数を示すが、nが20未満であると粉末化が困難となり、ガム状になることがある。またnが50を超えると、溶解度が低下し、増粘剤粒子を素早く分散せしめる能力が低下するので好ましくない。特に好ましいnの範囲は20〜45である。R4は炭素数1〜5のアルキル基であれば限定されないが、好ましくは、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、例えばメチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基又はi−プロピル基が挙げられる。 The (meth) acrylate compound which is an active ingredient of the water reducing agent (B) contains the structural units of the above formulas (1) and (2), and the structural unit (1) is 40 to 80 mol%. In particular, it is preferably 45 to 75 mol%, and the structural unit (2) is preferably 1 to 45 mol%, particularly preferably 3 to 40 mol% in the case of one kind. Examples of M 1 in the structural unit (1) include a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal such as lithium and sodium, an alkaline earth metal such as calcium and magnesium, an alkanolamine such as ammonium or ethanolamine, and the like. Moreover, although n in a structural unit (2) shows the number of 20-50, when n is less than 20, powdering will become difficult and it may become a gum shape. On the other hand, when n exceeds 50, the solubility is lowered, and the ability to disperse the thickener particles quickly is unfavorable. The particularly preferable range of n is 20 to 45. R 4 is not limited as long as it is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an i-propyl group.
なお、構成単位(2)には、Yが−CH2O−と−COO−の2種類があるが、その何れか一方又は両方が存在するものであっても良い。両方が存在する場合は、Yが−COO−である(2)が1〜30モル%で、Yが−COO−である(2)が5〜25モル%であり、Yが−CH2O−である(2)が3〜25モル%であるものが好ましい。また、(2)が混在する場合、何れか一方の構成単位のnが20〜50の範囲であればよい。このような分子内に式(1)及び(2)で表される構成単位を有しないものにあっては、例えモルタルやコンクリート混練物で優れた減水作用を呈するものであっても、増粘剤と併用した場合に空気の巻き込みを制御できない虞や、増粘剤粒子を素早く分散せしめる能力が低下する虞があるため、好ましくない。 In the structural unit (2), there are two types of Y, —CH 2 O— and —COO—, and either or both of them may be present. When both are present, (2) where Y is —COO— is 1 to 30 mol%, (2) where Y is —COO— is 5 to 25 mol%, and Y is —CH 2 O—. Some (2) is preferably 3 to 25 mol%. Moreover, when (2) is mixed, n of any one structural unit should just be the range of 20-50. For those having no structural unit represented by the formulas (1) and (2) in the molecule, even if the mortar or concrete kneaded material exhibits an excellent water reducing action, When used in combination with an agent, air entrainment may not be controlled, and the ability to disperse thickener particles quickly may be reduced.
減水剤(B)の有効成分(メタ)アクリレート系化合物は、さらに次に示す構成単位(3)及び(4)の1又は2以上を有するものであっても良い。 The active ingredient (meth) acrylate compound of the water reducing agent (B) may further have one or more of the following structural units (3) and (4).
(式中、R5は水素原子又はメチル基を示し、R6は炭素数1〜5のアルキル基を示し、Xは−SO3M2又は−O−Ph−SO3M2(ここで、M2は水素原子、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、アンモニウム又は有機アミンを示し、Phはフェニレン基を示す)を示す) (In the formula, R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and X represents —SO 3 M 2 or —O—Ph—SO 3 M 2 (wherein M 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium or an organic amine, and Ph represents a phenylene group)
上記構成単位(3)及び(4)においてR6で示される炭素数1〜5のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基又はi−プロピル基が挙げられ、M2としては、水素原子、リチウムやナトリウム等のアルカリ金属、カルシウムやマグネシウム等のアルカリ土類金属、アンモニウム又はエタノールアミン等のアルカノールアミン等が挙げられる。構成単位(3)は2〜25モル%であることが好ましく、特に5〜20モル%であることが好ましい。構成単位(4)は3〜20モル%であることが好ましく、特に5〜15モル%であることが好ましい。なお構成単位のモル%は(1)〜(4)の全構成単位の合計を100モル%とした場合のそれぞれの構成単位のモル%を示す。 Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms represented by R 6 in the structural units (3) and (4), a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a n- propyl or i- propyl group, a M 2 is , Hydrogen atoms, alkali metals such as lithium and sodium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium, alkanolamines such as ammonium and ethanolamine, and the like. The structural unit (3) is preferably 2 to 25 mol%, particularly preferably 5 to 20 mol%. The structural unit (4) is preferably from 3 to 20 mol%, particularly preferably from 5 to 15 mol%. In addition, mol% of a structural unit shows mol% of each structural unit when the sum total of all the structural units of (1)-(4) is 100 mol%.
構成単位(1)〜(4)において、R1〜R6はメチル基が特に好ましく、M1及びM2としては、特にナトリウムが好ましく、Xとしては、−SO3Naが好ましい。また、減水剤(B)の有効成分としては、構成単位(1)〜(4)の全てを含むものが好ましく、この構成単位(2)は、1種でも2種でも良い。減水剤(B)に使用される有効成分(メタ)アクリレート系化合物の数平均分子量はGPC法によるポリエチレングリコール換算で、2000〜50000の範囲内のものが好ましく、特に3500〜30000のものが好ましい。 In the structural units (1) to (4), R 1 to R 6 are particularly preferably methyl groups, M 1 and M 2 are particularly preferably sodium, and X is preferably —SO 3 Na. Moreover, as an active ingredient of a water reducing agent (B), what contains all the structural units (1)-(4) is preferable, and 1 type or 2 types may be sufficient as this structural unit (2). The number average molecular weight of the active ingredient (meth) acrylate compound used for the water reducing agent (B) is preferably in the range of 2000 to 50000, particularly preferably 3500 to 30000, in terms of polyethylene glycol by the GPC method.
また、減水剤(B)は粉末状で用いられる。減水剤(B)の粉末化は、例えば、少なくとも上記の(メタ)アクリレート系化合物に水を加えてなる混合物を熱風式乾燥装置又は伝導電熱式乾燥装置等で乾燥粉末化するか減圧下で加熱混練撹拌により行なわれる。また、該減水剤粉末(B)には、本発明の効果を阻害させない限り、上記(メタ)アクリレート系化合物以外の成分が含まれていても良い。 The water reducing agent (B) is used in a powder form. For powdering of the water reducing agent (B), for example, at least a mixture obtained by adding water to the above-mentioned (meth) acrylate-based compound is dried and powdered with a hot-air drying apparatus or a conductive electric heating drying apparatus or heated under reduced pressure. It is carried out by kneading and stirring. In addition, the water reducing agent powder (B) may contain components other than the (meth) acrylate compound as long as the effects of the present invention are not inhibited.
減水剤粉末(B)は、分級操作等を施して、粒径300μm以下とすることが、増粘成分粉末どうしの接着が進行する前に、減水剤が混練物中に十分溶解できるので好ましい。 The water reducing agent powder (B) is preferably subjected to a classification operation or the like to have a particle size of 300 μm or less because the water reducing agent can be sufficiently dissolved in the kneaded product before the adhesion between the thickening component powders proceeds.
当該減水剤粉末(B)とともに用いられる増粘剤粉末(C)としては、セルロース系増粘剤、アクリル系増粘剤、その他のバイオポリマー系多糖類(デンプン系増粘剤、各種天然ガム類など)等が挙げられる。セルロース系増粘剤としては、カルボキシメチルセルロース、アルキルセルロース、ヒドロキシアルキルセルロース、ヒドロキシアルキルアルキルセルロース等が挙げられる。アクリル系増粘剤としては、カルボキシビニルポリマー等が挙げられる。デンプン系増粘剤としては、デンプン及び加工デンプンが挙げられる。天然ガム類としては、ローカストビーンガム、キサンタンガム、ジェランガム等が挙げられる。 The thickener powder (C) used together with the water reducing agent powder (B) includes cellulose thickeners, acrylic thickeners, and other biopolymer polysaccharides (starch thickeners, various natural gums). Etc.). Examples of the cellulose-based thickener include carboxymethyl cellulose, alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkylalkyl cellulose and the like. Examples of the acrylic thickener include carboxyvinyl polymer. Starch-based thickeners include starch and modified starch. Examples of natural gums include locust bean gum, xanthan gum and gellan gum.
また、増粘剤粉末(C)の粒子径は特には制限されないが、分級操作等を施して、粒径1000μm以下とすることが短時間の混合でも材料分離抑制作用が得られ易くなるので好ましい。 Further, the particle diameter of the thickener powder (C) is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to perform a classification operation or the like so that the particle diameter is 1000 μm or less because a material separation suppressing action can be easily obtained even in a short time mixing. .
減水剤粉末(B)及び増粘剤粉末(C)との混合物を内封させる可溶性袋状物(D)としては、セルロース繊維を主成分とする可溶性の袋状物、すなわち可溶性紙袋が好ましい。可溶性袋状物を用いることにより、減水剤(B)の効果で速やかに分散されやすく、かつ空気の巻き込みの影響を小さくできる。 As the soluble bag-like product (D) for enclosing the mixture of the water reducing agent powder (B) and the thickener powder (C), a soluble bag-like product containing cellulose fibers as a main component, that is, a soluble paper bag is preferable. By using a soluble bag-like material, it is easily dispersed quickly by the effect of the water reducing agent (B), and the influence of air entrainment can be reduced.
本発明においては、可溶性袋状物(D)中に、減水剤粉末(B)と増粘剤粉末(C)との混合物を予め内封しておくことが必要である。 In the present invention, it is necessary to encapsulate a mixture of the water reducing agent powder (B) and the thickener powder (C) in advance in the soluble bag-like material (D).
さらに本発明では、減水剤粉末(B)と増粘剤粉末(C)とを袋状物(D)内に予混合した袋状予混合組成物の容重が、0.5〜1.0kg/Lであることが、より好ましい。
コンクリートアジテータ車のドラム内にてベースコンクリートと混合することを想定した場合、容重が0.5kg/L未満であると、袋状物(D)内に内包された空気により、ベースコンクリート表面に袋状物(D)が浮いてしまい、増粘剤の均一分散に時間がかかるため、空気を過剰に巻き込む虞が高くなるため好ましくない。
また、容重が1.0kg/Lを越える場合、袋状物(D)内の空隙が過少であり、ベースコンクリート中の水分が袋内に浸透するのに時間がかかるため、増粘剤の均一分散に時間がかかるため、空気を過剰に巻き込む虞が高くなるため好ましくない。
容重が0.5〜1.0kg/Lの範囲内であれば、袋状物(D)内の増粘剤が、コンクリート中へ速やかに均一分散されるので、空気を過剰に巻き込む危険が小さいため、好ましい。
Furthermore, in the present invention, the weight of the bag-shaped premixed composition obtained by premixing the water reducing agent powder (B) and the thickener powder (C) in the bag-shaped material (D) is 0.5 to 1.0 kg / More preferably, it is L.
Assuming mixing with the base concrete in the drum of the concrete agitator car, if the weight is less than 0.5 kg / L, the bag is formed on the surface of the base concrete by the air contained in the bag (D). Since the state (D) floats and it takes time to uniformly disperse the thickener, the possibility of excessive air entrainment increases, which is not preferable.
Further, when the weight exceeds 1.0 kg / L, the voids in the bag-like material (D) are too small, and it takes time for the moisture in the base concrete to penetrate into the bag. Since it takes time to disperse, there is a high possibility that air will be excessively involved.
If the weight is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 kg / L, the thickener in the bag (D) is quickly and uniformly dispersed in the concrete, so there is little risk of excessive air entrainment. Therefore, it is preferable.
袋状物(D)内への減水剤粉末(B)と増粘剤粉末(C)との混合物の封入は、特に限定されないが、密封することが好ましい。 Encapsulation of the mixture of the water reducing agent powder (B) and the thickener powder (C) in the bag-like product (D) is not particularly limited, but is preferably sealed.
工程aの混合コンクリートに可溶性袋状物(D)を混合し、ドラム型ミキサで行えばよいが、施工性を考慮するとコンクリートアジテータ車のドラム内で行うのが好ましい。 The soluble bag-like material (D) may be mixed with the mixed concrete in step a and performed with a drum mixer. However, in consideration of workability, it is preferably performed within the drum of a concrete agitator vehicle.
本発明に使用されるドラム型ミキサ、特にコンクリートアジテータ車としては、一般に使用されている任意のアジテータ車を用いることができる。
また、アジテータ車内への増粘性コンクリートの積載量は、アジテータ車ドラム容量の30〜60容積%であることが好ましい。30%未満では、攪拌能力に比してコンクリート総量が過少であって、添加剤混合時に空気の巻き込みを生じる虞があるため、好ましくない。また、60%を超える場合、増粘性コンクリートを攪拌する能力が不足し、均一混合するための攪拌時間がかかり過ぎて、空気の巻き込みを生じる虞があるため、好ましくない。増粘性コンクリートの積載量は、アジテータ車ドラム容量の35〜55容積%であることが、空気量の安定性の点より、より好適である。
As the drum-type mixer used in the present invention, in particular, a concrete agitator wheel, any commonly used agitator wheel can be used.
Moreover, it is preferable that the load amount of the thickened concrete in the agitator vehicle is 30 to 60% by volume of the agitator vehicle drum capacity. If it is less than 30%, the total amount of concrete is too small compared to the stirring ability, and there is a possibility of air entrainment at the time of mixing the additives, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 60%, the ability to stir the thickened concrete is insufficient, and it takes too much stirring time for uniform mixing, which may cause air entrainment. It is more preferable that the load of the thickened concrete is 35 to 55% by volume of the agitator wheel drum capacity from the viewpoint of the stability of the air amount.
また、アジテータ車での混合コンクリートと可溶性袋状物(D)の混合時間は、高速攪拌にて40秒〜120秒が好ましく、60秒〜100秒間がより好ましい。40秒未満だと、増粘剤がコンクリート中に均一に分散しない虞があり、好ましくない。また、120秒を超える場合、空気の過大な巻き込みが起こる虞があるため、好ましくない。 Further, the mixing time of the mixed concrete and the soluble bag-like material (D) in the agitator wheel is preferably 40 seconds to 120 seconds by high speed stirring, and more preferably 60 seconds to 100 seconds. If it is less than 40 seconds, the thickener may not be uniformly dispersed in the concrete, which is not preferable. Further, if it exceeds 120 seconds, there is a possibility that excessive entrainment of air may occur.
本発明方法は、空気連行性を有する減水剤(A)と空気連行性を有しない減水剤粉末(B)の2種類の減水剤を用い、減水剤(A)は予めベースコンクリート中に混合しておき、減水剤粉末(B)は増粘剤粉末(C)とともに可溶性袋状物(D)内に予め混合しておいて使用する点に特徴がある。 The method of the present invention uses two types of water reducing agents, a water reducing agent (A) having air entrainment property and a water reducing agent powder (B) having no air entraining property, and the water reducing agent (A) is previously mixed in the base concrete. In addition, the water reducing agent powder (B) is characterized in that it is mixed with the thickener powder (C) in the soluble bag (D) in advance.
減水剤(A)は、コンクリート中へ、適正量の空気を安定的に連行させる効果を有する。減水剤(A)は、可溶性袋状物(D)内に存在する減水剤(B)と併用した場合でも、空気連行効果が変化せず、安定した空気量を確保可能であるという特徴を有する。また、減水剤(B)の速やかな増粘剤粉末分散効果を阻害することがない。 The water reducing agent (A) has an effect of stably entraining an appropriate amount of air into the concrete. Even when the water reducing agent (A) is used in combination with the water reducing agent (B) present in the soluble bag-like material (D), the air entraining effect does not change and a stable amount of air can be secured. . Moreover, the quick thickener powder dispersion | distribution effect of a water reducing agent (B) is not inhibited.
一方、本発明の製造方法に用いられる減水剤粉末(B)は、増粘剤粉末(C)の近傍に存在させることにより、増粘剤粉末粒子を分散せしめ、増粘剤粉末どうしが粘着して塊状(玉状)化することを防止する効果を有する。さらには、該減水剤(B)は、増粘剤と併用した場合であっても、過剰な空気連行を抑止する効果を有する。該減水剤(B)を増粘剤と予混合して可溶性袋状物に内封してから、コンクリートに添加することにより、袋外に存在する減水剤(A)の空気連行作用の影響をほとんど受けることなく、増粘剤をコンクリート中に分散せしめることができるため、増粘剤添加時の空気量の変動を最小限に抑えることができる。また、減水剤(B)の粉末は、溶解度が高いため、コンクリートへの添加時に袋内に少量の水が浸透してきた時点で速やかに溶解し、早期に増粘剤粉末をコンクリート中へ分散せしめるため、ミキサでの攪拌時において過度の攪拌時間を必要とせず、空気の巻き込みを最小限に抑止する効果を有する。 On the other hand, the water reducing agent powder (B) used in the production method of the present invention is present in the vicinity of the thickener powder (C) to disperse the thickener powder particles so that the thickener powders adhere to each other. This has the effect of preventing the formation of lumps (balls). Furthermore, the water reducing agent (B) has an effect of suppressing excessive air entrainment even when used in combination with a thickener. The water reducing agent (B) is premixed with a thickener and encapsulated in a soluble bag, and then added to the concrete, thereby reducing the effect of the air entraining action of the water reducing agent (A) present outside the bag. Since the thickener can be dispersed in the concrete hardly receiving, the fluctuation of the air amount when the thickener is added can be minimized. In addition, since the powder of the water reducing agent (B) has high solubility, it quickly dissolves when a small amount of water penetrates into the bag when added to the concrete, and disperses the thickener powder in the concrete at an early stage. For this reason, an excessive stirring time is not required at the time of stirring in the mixer, and the effect of suppressing the entrainment of air is minimized.
また、本発明の製造方法においては、前記減水剤(B)に対する増粘剤(C)の重量比が、固形分換算で、(B)/(C)=1〜7であるものが好ましく、(B)/(C)=2〜6が特に好ましい。重量比(B)/(C)が1未満では、減水剤(B)による分散性能が不足し、増粘剤(C)が十分に分散しない時点で減水剤(A)の影響を受けるため、空気の過大な巻き込みを生じる虞があるため好ましくない。また、重量比(B)/(C)が7を超えると相対的に増粘剤(C)の量が不足し、材料分離抑制作用が得られ難くなるため適当ではない。 In the production method of the present invention, the weight ratio of the thickener (C) to the water reducing agent (B) is preferably (B) / (C) = 1 to 7 in terms of solid content, (B) / (C) = 2 to 6 is particularly preferable. If the weight ratio (B) / (C) is less than 1, the dispersion performance by the water reducing agent (B) is insufficient, and the thickener (C) is affected by the water reducing agent (A) at the time when it is not sufficiently dispersed. This is not preferable because excessive entrainment of air may occur. On the other hand, if the weight ratio (B) / (C) exceeds 7, the amount of the thickener (C) is relatively insufficient, and it is difficult to obtain a material separation inhibiting action, which is not appropriate.
また、本発明の製造方法においては、は、前記減水剤(B)に対する減水剤(A)の重量比が、固形分換算で、(B)/(A)=0.2〜2.0であるものが好ましく、(B)/(A)=0.4〜1.0が特に好ましい。重量比(B)/(A)が0.2未満では、減水剤(B)による空気の巻き込み抑制効果が不足し、増粘剤(C)が減水剤(A)の影響を受けて、空気の過大な巻き込みを生じる虞があるため好ましくない。また、重量比(B)/(A)が2.0を超えると、相対的に減水剤(A)の量が不足し、コンクリート中への空気連行性が不足して、空気量が過少となる虞があるため適当ではない。 Moreover, in the manufacturing method of this invention, the weight ratio of the water reducing agent (A) with respect to the said water reducing agent (B) is (B) / (A) = 0.2-2.0 in conversion of solid content. Some are preferable, and (B) / (A) = 0.4 to 1.0 is particularly preferable. If the weight ratio (B) / (A) is less than 0.2, the effect of suppressing the entrainment of air by the water reducing agent (B) is insufficient, and the thickener (C) is affected by the water reducing agent (A), and the air This is not preferable because it may cause excessive entrainment. When the weight ratio (B) / (A) exceeds 2.0, the amount of the water reducing agent (A) is relatively insufficient, the air entrainment into the concrete is insufficient, and the amount of air is too small. It is not appropriate because there is a risk of becoming.
本発明の製造方法における添加剤のコンクリート中への添加量としては、全記(A)、(B)及び(C)の総量として、固形分換算で、コンクリート中のセメントや骨材等の固形分総質量(本添加剤を除く。)の約0.005〜0.1%に相当する重量が好ましい。より好ましくは、5℃程度の低温時は0.01〜0.1%、それ以外の常温や高温時においては0.005〜0.08%が良い。約0.005%未満では添加効果が発現され難くなり、また約0.1%を超えると混合抵抗性が上昇することがあるため適当ではない。 The amount of additive added to the concrete in the production method of the present invention is the total amount of all of the above (A), (B) and (C), in terms of solid content, solids such as cement and aggregate in the concrete. A weight corresponding to about 0.005 to 0.1% of the total mass (excluding the present additive) is preferred. More preferably, it is 0.01 to 0.1% at a low temperature of about 5 ° C., and 0.005 to 0.08% at other normal and high temperatures. If it is less than about 0.005%, the effect of addition becomes difficult to be exhibited, and if it exceeds about 0.1%, the mixing resistance may increase, which is not suitable.
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に詳しく説明するが、本発明はここに表す実施例に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples shown here.
<実験1>
本試験で用いた、減水剤と増粘剤を以下に示す。
(1)減水剤(減水剤A2、A3は液状、残りは全て粉末状)
減水剤B1;試製造品A(ポリカルボン酸系、空気連行性なし)(※)
減水剤B2;試製造品B(ポリカルボン酸系、空気連行性なし)(※)
減水剤A1;マイティ100(花王社製、ナフタレンスルホン酸系、空気連行性なし)
減水剤A2;ヤマソー09NLR(山宗化学社製、ポリカルボン酸系、空気連行性有り)
減水剤A3;ポゾリスNo.78S(BASFポゾリス社製、リグニンスルホン酸系、空気連行性有り)
<Experiment 1>
The water reducing agent and thickener used in this test are shown below.
(1) Water-reducing agent (water-reducing agents A2 and A3 are liquid, the rest are all powder)
Water reducing agent B1; trial product A (polycarboxylic acid, no air entrainment) (*)
Water reducing agent B2; Trial product B (polycarboxylic acid, no air entrainment) (*)
Water reducing agent A1; Mighty 100 (manufactured by Kao Corporation, naphthalenesulfonic acid type, no air entrainment)
Water reducing agent A2; Yamaso 09 NLR (manufactured by Yamaso Chemical Co., Ltd., polycarboxylic acid type, with air entrainment)
Water reducing agent A3; Pozzolith No. 78S (manufactured by BASF Pozzolith Co., Ltd., lignin sulfonic acid type, with air entrainment)
(※)減水剤B1:特開2000−26145号公報内の表1の組成に相当するものを、特許公報内に示す方法で試製造して得たもの(式(2)中のn=23)。
(※)減水剤B2:特開2000−26145号公報内の表2の組成に相当するものを、特許公報内に示す方法で試製造して得たもの(式(2)中のn≧75)。
(*) Water reducing agent B1: What was obtained by trial manufacture by the method shown in the patent gazette corresponding to the composition of Table 1 in JP-A-2000-26145 (n = 23 in the formula (2)) ).
(*) Water reducing agent B2: a product obtained by trial production of a composition corresponding to the composition in Table 2 in JP-A-2000-26145 by the method shown in the patent publication (n ≧ 75 in formula (2)) ).
(2)増粘剤粉末
増粘剤C1;メトローズ(信越化学工業社製、セルロース系)
増粘剤C2;TNS(太平洋マテリアル社製、アクリル系)
増粘剤C3;Casucol(Avebe社製、デンプン系)
(2) Thickener powder Thickener C1; Metroles (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., cellulose)
Thickener C2; TNS (manufactured by Taiheiyo Materials, acrylic)
Thickener C3; Casucol (Avebe, starch system)
(3)可溶性袋
水溶紙A6015(日本製紙パビリア社製、主成分;セルロース系繊維)
(3) Soluble bag Water-soluble paper A6015 (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries, Inc., main component: cellulosic fiber)
前記(1)〜(3)の材料を用い、減水剤粉末(B)と増粘剤粉末(C)の混合物を、可溶性袋内に400g/袋となるように密封し、ホッチキスで密封した。前記予混合物の配合割合を表1に示す。尚、袋の容重は、可溶性袋に予混合物を密封する際にテーブルバイブレータを用いて空隙を少なくして詰め込んだ場合と、バイブレータを使用せずに詰め込んだ場合の2通りの方法で密封し、バイブレータを使用した時間を変えることにより袋状組成物の容重を制御した。
なお、減水剤粉末と増粘剤粉末の予混合は、レーディゲ社製レーディゲミキサを用いて、50kg/バッチで3分間混合して、予混合物とした。
Using the materials (1) to (3), the mixture of the water reducing agent powder (B) and the thickener powder (C) was sealed in a soluble bag to 400 g / bag and sealed with staples. The blending ratio of the premix is shown in Table 1. The bag weight is sealed in two ways: when the premix is sealed in a soluble bag, with a table vibrator used to reduce the gap, and when packed without using the vibrator, The weight of the bag-like composition was controlled by changing the time during which the vibrator was used.
In addition, premixing of the water reducing agent powder and the thickener powder was carried out for 3 minutes at 50 kg / batch using a Redige mixer manufactured by Redige Co., to obtain a premixed product.
以下の材料を用い、表2の配合のベースコンクリート4m3を生コンクリート工場にて製造した。尚、コンクリート製造時には、表2に示す減水剤(A)を予混合した。
製造した減水剤(A)とベースコンクリートの予混合物は、全量をコンクリートアジテータ車(ドラム容積約8.7m3)に積み込み、40分間経過した後に、これに表1の袋状予混合物1.6kg(0.4kg/m3)を投入して90秒間高速攪拌し、増粘性コンクリートを作製した。尚、後述する表3の比較例9のみは、ベースコンクリート製造直後に、袋状予混合物を投入して、同じく90秒間高速攪拌し、増粘性コンクリートを作製した。
袋状予混合物添加前のベースコンクリートと、添加後の増粘性コンクリートについて、それぞれの空気量をJIS A 1128「フレッシュコンクリートの空気量の圧力による試験方法−空気室圧力方法」にて測定し、両者の差より空気量の変動を評価した。
また、作製した増粘性コンクリートについて、全量をフレコンバックに排出し、目視で塊(玉)の有無を観察した。目視にて、少しでも塊(玉)が認められたものを×、塊(玉)が全く認められなかったものを○とした。
Using the following materials, 4 m 3 of base concrete having the composition shown in Table 2 was produced in a ready-mixed concrete factory. In addition, the water reducing agent (A) shown in Table 2 was premixed at the time of concrete manufacture.
The premixture of the produced water reducing agent (A) and the base concrete was loaded in a concrete agitator wheel (drum volume of about 8.7 m 3 ), and after 40 minutes, 1.6 kg of the bag-shaped premix of Table 1 was added thereto. (0.4 kg / m 3 ) was added and stirred at high speed for 90 seconds to produce thickened concrete. In Comparative Example 9 in Table 3 to be described later, immediately after the base concrete was produced, a bag-like premix was introduced and stirred at high speed for 90 seconds to produce a thickened concrete.
For the base concrete before the addition of the bag-like premix and the thickened concrete after the addition, the respective air amounts are measured according to JIS A 1128 “Test method using air pressure of fresh concrete—air chamber pressure method”. The variation in air volume was evaluated from the difference between
Moreover, about the produced thickened concrete, the whole quantity was discharged | emitted to the flexible container bag, and the presence or absence of the lump (ball) was observed visually. A sample in which a lump (ball) was recognized by visual inspection was rated as x, and a sample in which a block (ball) was not recognized at all was marked as ◯.
以上の結果を、表3にまとめて示す。本発明品1〜6については、添加剤投入前と投入後の空気量の差は小さく、5%前後の安定した空気量が得られていることが確認された。また、目視で塊(玉)の有無を観察したが、本発明品1〜6においては、いずれの増粘性コンクリートにも、塊(玉)は認められなかった。
これに対し、比較例1〜4及び8では、5%前後の適正空気量の確保が困難であった。また、比較例5〜7及び9では、塊(玉)の生成が認められ、増粘剤のベースコンクリートへの均一混合がなされていないことが確認された。
The above results are summarized in Table 3. Regarding the inventive products 1 to 6, it was confirmed that the difference in the air amount before and after the addition of the additive was small, and a stable air amount of about 5% was obtained. Moreover, although the presence or absence of the lump (ball) was observed visually, in this product 1-6, the lump (ball) was not recognized by any thickening concrete.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1-4 and 8, it was difficult to secure an appropriate air amount of around 5%. Moreover, in Comparative Examples 5-7 and 9, the production | generation of the lump (ball) was recognized and it was confirmed that the uniform mixing of the thickener to the base concrete is not made.
(4)コンクリート用材料
セメント;普通ポルトランドセメント(太平洋セメント社製)
細骨材;石灰砕砂(北海道峩朗産)
粗骨材;石灰砕石(北海道峩朗産)
水;水道水
(4) Concrete materials Cement: Ordinary Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement)
Fine aggregate: Crushed lime sand (from Goro, Hokkaido)
Coarse aggregate: Limestone (from Goro, Hokkaido)
Water; tap water
<実験2>
表3で示された実施例4と比較例1の増粘性コンクリートについて、JIS A 1148「コンクリートの凍結融解試験方法」に準じて、耐凍害性を評価した。
実施例4の増粘性コンクリートにて作製した試験体では、凍結融解が300サイクルの条件化でも相対動弾性係数が60%以上を保持しており、十分な耐凍害性を有するものと考えられる。
これに対し、比較例1の増粘性コンクリートにて作製した試験体では、凍結融解が300サイクルに達する前に相対動弾性係数が60%未満となってしまい、耐凍害性が不十分で、寒冷地での適用が困難であるものと考えられる。
<Experiment 2>
The thickened concrete of Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 shown in Table 3 was evaluated for frost damage resistance according to JIS A 1148 “Method for Freezing and Thawing Concrete”.
The specimen made of the thickened concrete of Example 4 has a relative dynamic elastic modulus of 60% or more even under conditions of freezing and thawing of 300 cycles, and is considered to have sufficient frost damage resistance.
On the other hand, in the test body made of the thickened concrete of Comparative Example 1, the relative dynamic elastic modulus was less than 60% before the freezing and thawing reached 300 cycles, the frost damage resistance was insufficient, It is considered difficult to apply on the ground.
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