JP5622353B2 - 気相中の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に光酸化する方法 - Google Patents
気相中の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に光酸化する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5622353B2 JP5622353B2 JP2008114915A JP2008114915A JP5622353B2 JP 5622353 B2 JP5622353 B2 JP 5622353B2 JP 2008114915 A JP2008114915 A JP 2008114915A JP 2008114915 A JP2008114915 A JP 2008114915A JP 5622353 B2 JP5622353 B2 JP 5622353B2
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- carbon monoxide
- carbon dioxide
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 85
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 80
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 79
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 natural gas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
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- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Description
nm)を吸収し、440nm付近にブロードな発光スペクトルを与えることから、光触媒機能を有することが報告されている(非特許文献2参照)。実際、非晶質シリカを用いる
光メタセシス反応について報告がされており、同時に、シリカ−アルミナ、アルミナ等の他の吸着剤についても、比較検討がなされているが、メタセシス反応以外の生成物が少量生成するのみであるので、特徴的にオレフィンのメタセシス反応が起こる非晶質シリカとの違いが論じられている(非特許文献3参照)。
/gの範囲にあり、細孔容積が0.1〜5.0mL/gの範囲にあり、平均細孔径が1〜100nmの範囲にあり、好ましくは、2〜50nmの範囲にある。シリカゲルは、平均粒子径においては、特に限定されるものではないが、通常、0.5〜10mmの範囲にあるものが好ましく用いられる。
おいて、アルミナを含んでいてもよい。
、平均細孔径が1nm以下のマイクロ孔を有する結晶性ゼオライトを用いた場合は、一酸化炭素の光酸化反応は全く認められない。
用いた光反応装置を図1に示す。冷却管1を有する高圧水銀ランプ2を備えた容量300mLの光反応容器3に平均細孔径10nm、比表面積350m2/g、粒子径1.7〜
4.0mmのシリカゲル4を120g充填した。前処理として、反応容器内に充填したシリカゲルに紫外線を照射しながら、反応容器内に合成空気(酸素21容量%、窒素79容量%、二酸化炭素含有量0ppm)を一晩、通して、シリカゲルから脱着した二酸化炭素が含まれないことを確認した。この後、反応容器内のシリカゲルに紫外線を照射しながら、一酸化炭素500ppmを含む合成空気を10mL/分の流速でガス入口管5から反応容器内に送り込んで、反応を行い、所定の時間ごとに反応容器の出口からのガスをガス出口管6を経てテドラーバッグに採取した。
ら採取したガス中の一酸化炭素と二酸化炭素の量を経時的に測定した。その結果、反応容器の出口からのガス中の二酸化炭素量は、反応を開始して、1時間後が300ppm、2時間後が400ppm、4時間後からは安定して500ppmとなり、24時間後も500ppmの二酸化炭素が検出された。しかし、上記各時間において、一酸化炭素は全く検出されなかった。従って、上記反応において、一酸化炭素が完全に二酸化炭素に酸化されたことが確認された。
実施例1と同じ光反応装置を用いた。光反応容器に実施例1と同じシリカゲル120gを充填し、前処理として、反応容器内のシリカゲルに紫外線を照射しながら、反応容器内に10mL/分の速度で窒素を一晩、通した。このとき、反応容器の出口からのガス中の二酸化炭素は約100ppmであった。
平均細孔径が6nmのシリカゲルを用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にして、一酸化炭素0.101容量%、酸素0.101容量%、残部水素からなる混合ガスを処理した。その結果、反応を開始して、3時間後には、反応容器の出口からのガス中の一酸化炭素量は500ppm以下に減少した。また、反応開始時の反応容器の出口からのガス中の二酸化炭素量は200ppmであったが、反応を開始して、3時間後には、反応容器の出口からのガス中の500ppmに増加したので、一酸化炭素の二酸化炭素への酸化反応が確認された。
用いた光反応装置を図2に示す。フィルター付き直径2.0cmのガラスカラム7にメソポーラスシリカ(細孔径4.0nm)8を0.8g充填し、これに実施例1と同じく、
冷却管9を備えた高圧水銀ランプ10を用いて紫外線を照射しながら、一晩、乾燥空気を5.0mL/分の流速で通して、上記メソポーラスシリカに吸着されている二酸化炭素が400ppmまで減少したことを確認した。この後、上記ガラスカラムに500ppmの一酸化炭素を含む乾燥空気をガス入口管11から5mL/分の流速で送り込み、反応を行って、所定の時間ごとにカラム出口からのガスをガス出口管12にてテドラーバッグに採取し、実施例1と同様にして、上記カラム出口からのガス中の一酸化炭素と二酸化炭素の量を測定した。その結果、反応を開始して、3時間後にカラム出口からのガス中の一酸化炭素は約300ppmであったが、二酸化炭素は約600ppmであった。
実施例1と同じ光反応装置を用いた。光反応容器に吸着剤としてモレキュラーシーブ13X(直径1.6mm、長さ2〜6mmの円筒状、平均細孔径1nm)を充填し、これに
一酸化炭素500ppmを含む乾燥空気(二酸化炭素含有量0ppm)を10mL/分の流速で送り込み、所定時間ごとに反応容器の出口からのガスをテドラーバッグに採取し、この反応容器の出口からのガス中の一酸化炭素と二酸化炭素量を実施例1と同様にして測定した。その結果、モレキュラーシーブによる一酸化炭素の吸着の結果として、反応容器の出口からのガス中の一酸化炭素量は、反応を開始して24時間後も、400ppm程度認められたが、二酸化炭素は、24時間経過後も全く検出されなかった。
実施例2と同じ光反応装置を用いた。ガラスカラムに活性アルミナ(比表面積260m2/g)を充填し、これに紫外線を照射しながら、一晩、乾燥空気を通して、カラム出口からのガスに二酸化炭素が含まれなくなったことを確認した。この後、カラムに500ppmの一酸化炭素を含む乾燥空気を10mL/分の流速で送り込み、所定時間ごとにカラム出口からのガスをテドラーバッグに採取し、実施例1と同様にして、カラム出口からのガス中の一酸化炭素と酸化炭素を測定した。その結果、初期には、活性アルミナへの吸着による結果として、カラム出口からのガス中の一酸化炭素の減少が観測されたが、1時間後の一酸化炭素量は約500ppmであった。しかし、二酸化炭素は、24時間後も全く検出されなかった。
3…光反応容器
4…シリカゲル
7…ガラスカラム
8…メソポーラスシリカ
10…高圧水銀ランプ
Claims (5)
- 酸素を含む気相中に存在する一酸化炭素を多孔質シリカに吸着させ、これに紫外線を照射して、上記多孔質シリカの光触媒機能によって、上記一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に光酸化する方法において、上記多孔質シリカが細孔径4.0nmの結晶性メソポーラスシリカ又は平均細孔径6〜10nmの範囲にあるシリカゲルである方法。
- 酸素を含む気相が空気である請求項1に記載の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に光酸化する方法。
- 酸素を含む気相が酸素を含む水素又は窒素である請求項1に記載の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に光酸化する方法。
- 酸素を含む気相が酸素を加えた燃料電池用改質ガスである請求項1に記載の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に光酸化する方法。
- 多孔質シリカが平均粒子径0.5〜10mmの範囲にあるシリカゲルである請求項1に記載の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に光酸化する方法。
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