JP5620640B2 - 改良されたボツリヌス毒素組成物 - Google Patents
改良されたボツリヌス毒素組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5620640B2 JP5620640B2 JP2008525009A JP2008525009A JP5620640B2 JP 5620640 B2 JP5620640 B2 JP 5620640B2 JP 2008525009 A JP2008525009 A JP 2008525009A JP 2008525009 A JP2008525009 A JP 2008525009A JP 5620640 B2 JP5620640 B2 JP 5620640B2
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Description
嫌気性グラム陽性細菌であるボツリヌス菌(Clostridium botulinum)は、ボツリヌス中毒として知られる神経麻痺性障害をヒトおよび動物において引き起こす強力なポリペプチド神経毒であるボツリヌス毒素を産生する。ボツリヌス菌およびその胞子は共に土壌中に見出され、該細菌は、滅菌と密閉が不適切な零細缶詰工場の食品容器内で増殖する可能性があり、これが多くのボツリヌス中毒症例の原因である。ボツリヌス中毒の影響は、通例、ボツリヌス菌の培養物または胞子で汚染された食品を飲食した18〜36時間後に現れる。ボツリヌス毒素は、消化管内を弱毒化されないで通過することができ、そして末梢運動ニューロンを攻撃することができるようである。ボツリヌス毒素中毒の症状は、歩行困難、嚥下困難および会話困難から、呼吸筋の麻痺および死にまで進行し得る。
(1)頸部ジストニーを処置するための筋肉内注射(多数の筋肉)あたり約75単位〜125単位のBOTOX(登録商標)(Allergan, Inc. (アーバイン、カリフォルニア)から商品名BOTOX(登録商標)で入手可能);
(2)眉間のしわを処置するための筋肉内注射あたり約5単位〜10単位のBOTOX(登録商標)(5単位が鼻根筋に筋肉内注射され、10単位がそれぞれの皺眉筋に筋肉内注射される);
(3)恥骨直腸筋の括約筋内注射による便秘を処置するための約30単位〜80単位のBOTOX(登録商標);
(4)上瞼の外側瞼板前部眼輪筋および下瞼の外側瞼板前部眼輪筋に注射することによって眼瞼痙攣を処置するために筋肉あたり約1単位〜5単位の筋肉内注射されるBOTOX(登録商標);
(6)卒中後の上肢痙性を処置するために、下記のように5つの異なる上肢屈筋にBOTOX(登録商標)が筋肉内注射される:
(a)深指屈筋:7.5U〜30U
(b)浅指屈筋:7.5U〜30U
(c)尺側手根屈筋:10U〜40U
(d)橈側手根屈筋:15U〜60U
(e)上腕二頭筋:50U〜200U。5つの示された筋肉のそれぞれには同じ処置時に注射されるので、患者には、それぞれの処置毎に筋肉内注射によって90U〜360Uの上肢屈筋BOTOX(登録商標)が投与される。
(7)偏頭痛を治療するために、25UのBOTOX(登録商標)を頭蓋周囲に注射する(眉間、前頭および側頭筋に対称的に注射する):該注射は、偏頭痛頻度、最大重症度、付随嘔吐および急性薬剤使用の減少(25U注射後の3ヶ月間にわたる)によって評価した場合に、ビヒクルと比較して、偏頭痛の予防療法として有意な利益を与える。
典型的には、単一タイプの小分子の神経伝達物質のみが、哺乳動物の神経系において各タイプのニューロンによって放出される。神経伝達物質アセチルコリンが脳の多くの領域においてニューロンによって分泌されているが、具体的には運動皮質の大錐体細胞によって、基底核におけるいくつかの異なるニューロンによって、骨格筋を神経支配する運動ニューロンによって、自律神経系(交感神経系および副交感神経系の両方)の節前ニューロンによって、副交感神経系の節後ニューロンによって、そして交感神経系の一部の節後ニューロンによって分泌されている。本質的には、汗腺、立毛筋および少数の血管に至る節後交感神経線維のみがコリン作動性であり、交感神経系の節後ニューロンの大部分は神経伝達物質のノルエピネフリンを分泌する。ほとんどの場合、アセチルコリンは興奮作用を有する。しかし、アセチルコリンは、迷走神経による心拍の抑制のように、抑制作用を一部の末梢副交感神経終末において有することが知られている。
本発明は、ボツリヌス毒素医薬製剤を製造するための方法であって、調合工程中にボツリヌス毒素がほとんどまたは全く失われない方法を提供することによって、この必要を満たす。別の言い方をすると、本発明の範囲に包含される方法は、復元後のボツリヌス毒素回収率が高いボツリヌス毒素医薬製剤の製造を可能にする。有意義なことに、本発明の範囲に包含される方法は、調合工程に投入されるボツリヌス毒素の約100%を最終復元品中に生物学的に活性なボツリヌス毒素として存在させることにより、理論的最善に迫る。
本明細書で使用する場合、以下に説明する単語または用語は、以下の定義を持つ。
「約」とは、そのように修飾された事項、パラメータまたは用語が、明記した事項、パラメータまたは用語の値の上下±10パーセントの範囲を包含することを意味する。
「本質的に含まない」(または「から本質的になる」)とは、その物質が痕跡量しか検出され得ないことを意味する。
「治療用製剤」とは、例えば末梢筋の活動亢進(すなわち痙縮)を特徴とする障害または疾患などといった障害または疾患を処置し、それによってその障害または疾患を軽減するために使用することができる製剤を意味する。
本発明は、(a)ボツリヌス毒素、(b)アルブミンである第1賦形剤、および(c)第2賦形剤を含む医薬組成物であって、(d)医薬組成物中に存在する第2賦形剤に対する第1賦形剤の重量対重量比が0.6より大きく約100未満である組成物を包含する。この医薬組成物中のボツリヌス毒素の力価は、比較医薬組成物中のボツリヌス毒素の力価よりも約5%高い力価〜約200%高い力価であることができる。比較医薬組成物は、上記医薬組成物と(a)同じ量および同じタイプのボツリヌス毒素、ならびに(b)同じ第1および第2賦形剤を含有することができ、(c)第1および第2賦形剤は、比較医薬組成物には、0.6以下の重量対重量比で存在することができる。また、医薬組成物中のボツリヌス毒素の力価は、比較医薬組成物中のボツリヌス毒素の力価より約10%高い力価〜約100%高い力価であることができる。この医薬組成物において、ボツリヌス毒素はボツリヌス毒素複合体として存在するか、ボツリヌス毒素は純粋なボツリヌス毒素として(すなわち、ボツリヌス毒素複合体タンパク質を実質的に含まない、約150キロダルトンの分子量を持つ神経毒構成要素として)として存在することができる。
下記の図面は本発明の諸態様を例示している。
本発明は、ボツリヌス毒素医薬組成物中の賦形剤を特定の比にすることで、強化された力価を持つ安定なボツリヌス毒素を製造することができるという発見に基づいている。
以下の限定でない実施例は、好ましい製剤および方法の具体例を当業者に提示するものであって、本発明の範囲を限定しようとするものではない。
各製剤中に同じ量のA型ボツリヌス毒素複合体を含むが、各製剤中に存在するHSAおよびNaClの量が異なっている数多くのボツリヌス毒素研究用バイアル製剤の回収力価を評価するために実験を行った。したがって、バイアル1本あたりに2.5ngのボツリヌス毒素を一貫して使用しつつ、各製剤バイアルは0N(0μg)〜10N(5000μg)のHSA、および0N(0μg)〜10N(9000μg)のNaClを含有した。
A型ボツリヌス毒素複合体、塩化ナトリウムおよびヒト血清アルブミンを使用してボツリヌス医薬組成物を製造(調合)する実験をさらにもう一つ行った。HSAに対して塩化ナトリウムを異なる比で含有するボツリヌス毒素医薬組成物を商業生産ロット手法を使用して調合した。次に、組成物を凍結乾燥および真空乾燥することによって固形粉末状態にしてから、食塩水で復元し、マウスLD50回収力価評価を行った。
(3)四つのA型ボツリヌス毒素複合体製剤のそれぞれを生産するための調合工程に使用する塩化ナトリウムの量は、製剤中のHSA対NaClが28という一定の重量対重量比になるように変化させた。したがって、これら四つの製剤のそれぞれにおいて、HSA:NaCl比は、Botox(登録商標)の場合の47倍(28対0.6)である。
したがって、本願特許請求の範囲の精神および範囲は、上述の好ましい実施形態の説明に限定されるべきでない。
Claims (20)
- (a)ボツリヌス毒素、
(b)アルブミンである第1賦形剤、および
(c)塩化ナトリウムである第2賦形剤
を含み、
(d)医薬組成物中に存在する第2賦形剤に対する第1賦形剤の重量対重量比が0.6より大きく100未満であり、ボツリヌス毒素100単位当たり375μgまたはそれ以下の第1賦形剤を含有する(ボツリヌス毒素の単位はマウスLD 50 力価アッセイによって決定される)、
乾燥粉末状医薬組成物。 - ボツリヌス毒素がA、B、C、D、E、およびF型ボツリヌス毒素からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- ボツリヌス毒素がボツリヌス毒素複合体または純粋なボツリヌス毒素として存在する、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物中に存在するボツリヌス毒素の力価が24単位/ng〜60単位/ngである、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物中に存在するボツリヌス毒素の力価が30単位/ng〜40単位/ngである、請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物中に存在するボツリヌス毒素の力価が40単位/ngである、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- ボツリヌス毒素が各単位につき2.0×10 -11 グラム〜3.5×10 -11 グラムのA型ボツリヌス毒素複合体である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 第1賦形剤が血清アルブミンまたは組換えアルブミンである、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物中に存在する第2賦形剤に対する第1賦形剤の重量対重量比が1〜50である、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物中に存在する第2賦形剤に対する第1賦形剤の重量対重量比が1〜40である、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 生理食塩水で復元される、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 復元時の医薬組成物中のボツリヌス毒素の力価が、復元時の比較医薬組成物中のボツリヌス毒素の力価よりも5%〜200%高く、医薬組成物と比較医薬組成物とは、(a)同じ量および同じタイプのボツリヌス毒素、ならびに(b)同じ第1賦形剤および同じ第2賦形剤を含有し、かつ(c)比較医薬組成物には第1賦形剤および第2賦形剤が0.6以下の重量対重量比で存在する、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 復元時の医薬組成物中のボツリヌス毒素の力価が、復元時の比較医薬組成物中のボツリヌス毒素の力価よりも10%〜100%高い、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- ボツリヌス毒素がA型ボツリヌス毒素複合体であり、比較医薬組成物が、A型ボツリヌス毒素複合体100単位当たり500μgのヒト血清アルブミンおよび900μgの塩化ナトリウムを含有する、請求項12または13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 2.5ngのA型ボツリヌス毒素複合体を含有し、医薬組成物復元時のその力価が70単位〜130単位である、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 30〜40単位/ngの力価を持つA型ボツリヌス毒素複合体を含有し、医薬組成物復元時のその力価が30〜40単位/ngである、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 哺乳動物を治療的または美容的に処置するための、請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物を製造するための方法であって、
(a)ボツリヌス毒素を、第1賦形剤および第2賦形剤と混和して混合物を形成させるステップ、および
(b)その混合物を真空乾燥または凍結乾燥するステップ
を含む方法。 - 混合物を凍結乾燥後、真空乾燥する、請求項19に記載の方法。
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JP2013006861A (ja) * | 2005-08-01 | 2013-01-10 | Allergan Inc | 改良されたボツリヌス毒素組成物 |
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JP5690785B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 |
AU2006275999B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
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WO2007016018A2 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
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