JP5524202B2 - リチウム二次電池用負極活物質、その製造方法、リチウム二次電池の負極、及びリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用負極活物質、その製造方法、リチウム二次電池の負極、及びリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 81
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 67
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021482 group 13 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WKMKTIVRRLOHAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);thallium(1+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Tl+].[Tl+] WKMKTIVRRLOHAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910003438 thallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
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- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002388 carbon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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Description
<コア−シェル型負極活物質の製造>
コア部の炭素材としてメソフェーズグラファイト粉末(mesophase graphite powder;MGP)(China Steel Chemical Corporation社製)を用意した。シェル部形成用材料としては、粒度分布が30nm〜500nmのスピネル型リチウムチタン酸化物、平均粒径が500nmのSuper−P、及び平均粒径が40nmのTiO2を用意した。用意したMGP(1000g)にリチウムチタン酸化物(20g)、Super−P(5g)、TiO2(1g)を混合し、乾式コーティング装置(ホソカワミクロン株式会社製NOB−130)を用いて回転数2500rpmで3分間処理し、コア−シェル型負極活物質を製造した。
上記のように製造された負極活物質と、電気伝導性を与えるための導電性カーボンと、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とを85:8:7の比率で混合し、適量のN‐メチルピロリドン(NMP)を添加して適当な粘度のスラリーを得た。これを銅箔上にコーティングして乾燥させた後、圧延してリチウム二次電池用負極を得た。
リチウムチタン酸化物(15g)、Super−P(3g)、TiO2(1g)を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で負極活物質、電極、及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
リチウムチタン酸化物25g、TiO2(1g)を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で負極活物質、電極、及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
コア−シェル型負極活物質の代わりにMGPのみを使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で電極及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
コア−シェル型負極活物質の代わりに、MGPと、リチウムチタン酸化物とを90:10の重量比で混合して負極活物質として使用したことを除いては、比較例1と同様の方法で電極及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
リチウムチタン酸化物(20g)のみをシェル部形成用材料として使用してコーティングした後、酸素雰囲気下2℃/minの昇温速度で450℃で4時間熱処理したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で負極活物質、電極、及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
1.粉体特性: 超音波を用いて分散させながらレーザ散乱法によって実施例で製造された負極活物質のコーティング前後の平均粒径D10、D50、及びD90を求めた。平均粒径の測定は粒度分布測定機(Malvern社製、Mastersizer2000E)を用いた。実施例1の負極活物質の測定結果は、具体的にコーティング前はD10=15.380μm、D50=23.519μm、D90=36.396μmであって、コーティング後はD10=11.886μm、D50=24.705μm、D90=43.705μmであった。
Claims (11)
- 炭素材コア部と、
前記炭素材コア部の外部に形成されるシェル部と、を含み、
前記シェル部は前記炭素材コア部の外面に付着された多数のスピネル型リチウムチタン酸化物粒子及び前記炭素材と前記スピネル型リチウムチタン酸化物粒子によって形成される空隙内に充填された多数の4族または13族金属酸化物粒子を含み、
前記金属酸化物の平均粒径は、前記スピネル型リチウムチタン酸化物の平均粒径の5〜30%であり、
前記金属酸化物は、二酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウム、ジルコニウム酸化物、ハフニウム酸化物、またはタリウム酸化物であり、
前記シェル部は、黒鉛、アセチレンブラック、炭素ナノチューブ、及び活性炭からなる群より選択されるいずれか1種または2種以上の混合物である導電材をさらに含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。 - 前記コア部を形成する炭素材は、軟質炭素、硬質炭素、天然黒鉛、キッシュ黒鉛、熱分解炭素、液晶ピッチ系炭素繊維、メソカーボンマイクロビーズ、液晶ピッチ、及び石油または石炭系コークスからなる群より選択されるいずれか1種または2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記スピネル型リチウムチタン酸化物粒子の平均粒径は30〜800nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記炭素材コア部とシェル部に含まれるスピネル型リチウムチタン酸化物の重量比は、炭素材:スピネル型リチウムチタン酸化物=1:0.0055〜0.05であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記金属酸化物の含量は、リチウムチタン酸化物100重量部に対して2〜10重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記シェル部は、熱可塑性高分子粉末が溶融されて形成された高分子バインダーをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- (S1)コア部を形成する炭素材を用意するステップと、
(S2)多数のスピネル型リチウムチタン酸化物粒子、及び前記炭素材とリチウムチタン酸化物粒子によって形成される空隙内に入り込める平均粒径を持つ多数の4族または13族金属酸化物粒子の混合物を前記コア部に乾式コーティングして前記コア部の外部にシェル部を形成するステップと、を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記(S2)ステップにおいて、シェル部形成用材料として熱可塑性高分子粉末をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記(S2)ステップにおいて、シェル部形成用材料として、黒鉛、アセチレンブラック、炭素ナノチューブ、及び活性炭からなる群より選択されるいずれか1種または2種以上の混合物である導電材をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 負極集電体と、前記正極集電体の少なくとも一面に形成され、負極活物質、結着剤、及び導電材を含む負極活物質層とを備えたリチウム二次電池の負極において、
前記負極活物質が請求項1ないし請求項6のうちいずれか1項に記載の負極活物質であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池の負極。 - 正極、負極、及び前記正極と負極間に介在されたセパレータを含むリチウム二次電池において、
前記負極が請求項10に記載の負極であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
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