JP5599706B2 - 安定化ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンおよびヒドロフルオロオレフィン - Google Patents
安定化ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンおよびヒドロフルオロオレフィン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5599706B2 JP5599706B2 JP2010515178A JP2010515178A JP5599706B2 JP 5599706 B2 JP5599706 B2 JP 5599706B2 JP 2010515178 A JP2010515178 A JP 2010515178A JP 2010515178 A JP2010515178 A JP 2010515178A JP 5599706 B2 JP5599706 B2 JP 5599706B2
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- hydrofluoroolefin
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- stabilizer
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
冷媒は、冷凍サイクル中に化学的に安定でなければならず、例えば(a)鉄、アルミニウムおよび銅が原因の腐食などの、システムにおける活性金属との反応に対して耐性でなければならず;(b)操作圧力および温度の下で、HFおよび/またはHClなどの腐食性酸を発生する二量体化/重合などの化学反応に対して耐性でなければならない。さらに、冷媒は、冷媒オイルに可溶性であり、かつそれと相溶性でなければならない。
制御条件下にて、MDI、ポリオール、発泡剤および添加剤、すなわち触媒、界面活性剤、水、および難燃剤を混合することによって、硬質ポリウレタン発泡体などの熱硬化発泡体を製造することができる。通常、ポリマーMDIと組み合わせて、異なる種類のポリオールを使用することができ、添加剤は一般に、ポリオールに予めブレンドされる。高架橋均一ガラス質網状構造の形成が、得られるポリマーの最終特性に必須である。これらの特性としては、良好な熱安定性、低密度での高い圧縮強さおよび良好な遮断性が挙げられる。
本発明の他の実施形態は、噴霧可能な組成物において噴射剤として使用される、本明細書に記載の安定剤の組み合わせを有するヒドロフルオロオレフィンおよび/またはヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンの使用に関する。さらに、本発明は、本明細書に記載の安定剤の組み合わせを有するヒドロフルオロオレフィンおよび/またはヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを含む噴霧可能な組成物に関する。不活性成分、溶剤および他の材料と共に噴霧される活性成分もまた、噴霧可能な組成物中に存在し得る。好ましくは、その噴霧可能な組成物はエアロゾルである。噴霧される適切な活性成分としては、限定されないが、化粧品材料、例えば脱臭剤、香料、ヘアースプレー、洗浄剤、および艶出剤、ならびに医薬品材料、例えば抗喘息薬および口臭防止薬が挙げられる。
更なる実施形態では、本発明の安定剤の組み合わせと共にヒドロフルオロオレフィンおよび/またはヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを含む薬剤を提供すること;加圧放出システムに薬剤を入れること;ある区域に薬剤を放出してその区域の火を消火または鎮火すること;を含む、トータルフラッド(total−flood)用途において消火または鎮火する方法を提供する。他の実施形態では、火災または爆発を防止するために、ある区域を不活性にする方法であって、本発明の安定剤の組み合わせと共にヒドロフルオロオレフィンおよび/またはヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを含む薬剤を提供すること;加圧放出システムに薬剤を入れること;その区域に薬剤を放出して、火災または爆発が起こるのを防ぐこと;を含む方法を提供する。
溶剤用途に適している理想的なヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンおよび/またはヒドロフルオロオレフィンは、沸点約10〜60℃を有する。その生成物は、金属との接触に化学的に安定性であり、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン、PVC、ポリブチレンテトラフタレート、ポリエチレンHD、ポリエチレンLD、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリエチレン、耐衝撃性ポリスチレン、ポリスチレン結晶、ポリスチレン1160、ポリプロピレン、ポリアミド11、ポリカーボネート、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリエーテルブロックアミド;またはエラストマー材料、例えばスチレンブタジエン6510、エチレンプロピレンEP710、水素化ニトリル7DT1566、ポリクロロプレンN658、ポリアクリレートDA65、hyplalon DH70、フルオロカーボンdf、ニトリルPB701、シリコーンSL1002、ポリイソプレンポリブタジエンc6514、Teflon(登録商標)62945Rなどの様々なプラスチックにさらされる場合にも膨潤に対して耐性である。
A側のメチレンジフェニルジイソシアネート(MDI)用シリンダーとB側(ポリオール混合物)用シリンダーの2つの加圧シリンダーからなる、小さなポリウレタンディスペンサーによって、発泡体を製造した。シリンダー内の圧力は調整器によって調節することができた。B側混合物を予めブレンドし、次いで加圧シリンダーに装入した。次いで、発泡剤をB側シリンダーに添加し、完全に混合した。静的ミキサーを備えたディスペンスガンにシリンダーを連結した。A側とB側の所望の比が達成されるように、両方のシリンダーの圧力を調節した。試験した配合物(すべて、ISO指数110を有した)は、Rubinate M(Huntsman社から市販のポリマーメチレンジフェニルジイソシアネート(MDI));Jeffol SG−360およびR−425−X(Huntsman社から市販のポリオール);TEAP−265(Carpenter Companyから市販のポリオール);Tegostab B 8465(Evonik−Degussa社から市販の界面活性剤);Jeffcat TD33AおよびZR−70(Huntsman社から市販の触媒);NP 9.5(Huntsman社から市販の相溶化剤)を含有した。総発泡剤レベルは26.0ml/gであった。表1に研究対象の配合物をまとめる。
B側配合物に表3に記載の種々の安定剤200ppmおよび発泡体用発泡剤として使用されるHFO1234zeを添加して、実施例2を繰り返した。表3に、1234zeの分解を証明するであろう、予想されたシラン副生成物の形成をまとめる。
ポリスチレンビーズおよびXPS発泡体の製造プロセスを模倣する他の添加剤の存在下にてオートクレーブにおいて、これらの発泡剤の安定性を調べた。
種々の安定剤200ppmの存在下にて、1234zeを有する実施例7を繰り返し行った。分解レベルは、約2300ppmから100ppmよりかなり低いトリフルオロプロピンの形成の減少によって証明されるように、著しく減少すると考えられる。表7に、期待される結果を示す。
Claims (18)
- ヒドロフルオロオレフィン(2−トリフルオロメチル−3,3,3−トリフルオロ−1−プロペンを除く)および/またはヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンと、1,2−エポキシブタン;グリシジルメチルエーテル;d,l−リモネンオキシド;1,2−エポキシ−2−メチルプロパン;ニトロメタン;α−メチルスチレン;イソプレン及びそれらの組み合わせから選択される安定剤と、を含む組み合わせであって、使用、取り扱い、および保管中に安定性であり、かつ対流圏分解性である、組み合わせ。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロオレフィンおよび/またはヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンが、一般式CnH2n-a-bFaClb(式中、n=3〜8であり、b=0〜3であり、a=0〜14であり、かつ2nがa+b以上である)で示される、請求項1に記載の組み合わせ。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロオレフィンおよび/またはヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンが、環状であり、かつ一般式CnH2n-2a-x-yFxCly(式中、n=3、4または5であり、x=0〜7であり、y=0〜3であり、aは不飽和二重結合の数であり、2n−2a≧x+yであり、しかもx+yはゼロではない)で示される、請求項1に記載の組み合わせ。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロオレフィンがHFO−1234ze、HFO−1234zf及びHCFO−1233xfよりなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組み合わせ。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロオレフィンがHFO−1234zeである、請求項1に記載の組み合わせ。
- 前記ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンがHCFO−1233zdである、請求項1に記載の組み合わせ。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロオレフィンがHFO−1234zeであり、前記安定剤がα−メチルスチレン、ニトロメタン、1,2−エポキシブタン、グリシジルメチルエーテル又はイソプレンである、請求項1に記載の組み合わせ。
- 前記安定剤が、1〜50,000ppmの量で存在する、請求項1に記載の組み合わせ。
- 前記安定剤が、100〜1,000ppmの量で存在する、請求項1に記載の組み合わせ。
- ヒドロフルオロオレフィン(2−トリフルオロメチル−3,3,3−トリフルオロ−1−プロペンを除く)および/またはヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンと、1,2−エポキシブタン;グリシジルメチルエーテル;d,l−リモネンオキシド;1,2−エポキシ−2−メチルプロパン;ニトロメタン;α−メチルスチレン;イソプレン及びそれらの組み合わせから選択される安定剤と、を含む熱伝達流体組成物であって、使用、取り扱い、および保管中に安定性であり、かつ対流圏分解性である、熱伝達流体組成物。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロオレフィンおよび/またはヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンが、一般式CnH2n-a-bFaClb(式中、n=3〜8であり、b=0〜3であり、a=0〜14であり、かつ2nがa+b以上である)で示される、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロオレフィンおよび/またはヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンが、環状であり、かつ一般式CnH2n-2a-x-yFxCly(式中、n=3、4または5であり、x=0〜7であり、y=0〜3であり、aは不飽和二重結合の数であり、2n−2a≧x+yであり、しかもx+yはゼロではない)で示される、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロオレフィンがHFO−1234ze、HFO−1234zf及びHCFO−1233xfよりなる群から選択される、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロオレフィンがHFO−1234zeである、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 前記ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンがHCFO−1233zdである、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロオレフィンがHFO−1234zeであり、前記安定剤がα−メチルスチレン、ニトロメタン、1,2−エポキシブタン、グリシジルメチルエーテル又はイソプレンである、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 前記安定剤が、1〜50,000ppmの量で存在する、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 前記安定剤が、100〜1,000ppmの量で存在する、請求項10に記載の組成物。
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