JP5584711B2 - 空気分離装置 - Google Patents
空気分離装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5584711B2 JP5584711B2 JP2012003583A JP2012003583A JP5584711B2 JP 5584711 B2 JP5584711 B2 JP 5584711B2 JP 2012003583 A JP2012003583 A JP 2012003583A JP 2012003583 A JP2012003583 A JP 2012003583A JP 5584711 B2 JP5584711 B2 JP 5584711B2
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 59
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 221
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 145
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 89
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 10
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
- F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04036—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of oxygen
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
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- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
- F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
- F25J3/04066—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of oxygen
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
- F25J3/04315—Lowest pressure or impure nitrogen, so-called waste nitrogen expansion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
- F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
- F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/20—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in an elevated pressure multiple column system wherein the lowest pressure column is at a pressure well above the minimum pressure needed to overcome pressure drop to reject the products to atmosphere
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
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- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
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Description
前記低圧塔で精留分離され常温に戻された前記窒素ガスを昇圧させる第1昇圧機と、
第1気体を膨張させ、第1膨張後気体導出路を通じて前記保冷箱内に寒冷を供給するとともに前記第1昇圧機への動力を発生させる第1膨張タービンと、
前記低圧塔で精留分離された低温の前記窒素ガス或いは前記酸素ガス、又は前記高圧塔で精留分離された低温の前記窒素ガスを昇圧させる第2昇圧機と、
第2気体を膨張させ、前記保冷箱内に設けられた熱交換器又は前記高圧塔に通じる第2膨張後気体導出路に供給するとともに前記第2昇圧機への動力を発生させる第2膨張タービンと、
前記第1膨張タービン及び前記第2膨張タービンの一方または双方への前記第1及び第2気体の流路を切り替える切り替え弁と、
前記低圧塔で精留分離された低温の前記窒素ガス或いは前記酸素ガス、又は前記高圧塔で精留分離された低温の前記窒素ガスを、前記第2昇圧機で昇圧した後、前記保冷箱内の前記熱交換器に供給する昇圧後気体導出路と、を備えることを要旨とする。
図1は本発明の第1実施形態に係る空気分離装置1の全体構成を示すブロック図である。
図2は本発明の第2実施形態に係る空気分離装置1aの全体構成を示すブロック図である。なお以下の図2〜図5において、上記図1と同じ符号の構成部については同じ符号を付しており、これらの説明を省略する。また、図2〜図5では、空気ろ過器2、原料空気圧縮機3、前処理冷却設備5、及びMS吸着設備6を簡略化して図示している。
図3は本発明の第3実施形態に係る空気分離装置1bの全体構成を示すブロック図である。
図4は本発明の第4実施形態に係る空気分離装置1cの全体構成を示すブロック図である。
図5は本発明の第5実施形態に係る空気分離装置1dの全体構成を示すブロック図である。
3 原料空気圧縮機
7 保冷箱
8 第1膨張タービン
9 第1昇圧機
10 第2膨張タービン
11 第2昇圧機
12 窒素圧縮機
13 酸素圧縮機
14 主熱交換器
15 高圧塔
16 低圧塔
17 サブクーラー
18 原料空気導入通路
19 液体空気移送通路
21 窒素移送通路
23,33 低圧塔窒素導出路
24,35,37 昇圧後気体導出路
26 第1ガス導出路
27,40 第1膨張後気体導出路
28 第2ガス導出路(第2圧縮空気導出路)
29 切り替え弁
30 第2膨張後気体導出路
38 昇圧圧縮機
39 第1圧縮空気導出路
Claims (7)
- 原料空気から窒素ガスを精留分離する高圧塔と、前記高圧塔から供給される酸素リッチな液体空気と液体窒素を酸素ガスと窒素ガスとに精留分離する低圧塔とが保冷箱に設けられている空気分離装置であって、
前記低圧塔で精留分離され常温に戻された前記窒素ガスを昇圧させる第1昇圧機と、
第1気体を膨張させ、第1膨張後気体導出路を通じて前記保冷箱内に寒冷を供給するとともに前記第1昇圧機への動力を発生させる第1膨張タービンと、
前記低圧塔で精留分離された低温の前記窒素ガス或いは前記酸素ガス、又は前記高圧塔で精留分離された低温の前記窒素ガスを昇圧させる第2昇圧機と、
第2気体を膨張させ、前記保冷箱内に設けられた熱交換器又は前記高圧塔に通じる第2膨張後気体導出路に供給するとともに前記第2昇圧機への動力を発生させる第2膨張タービンと、
前記第1膨張タービン及び前記第2膨張タービンの一方または双方への前記第1及び第2気体の流路を切り替える切り替え弁と、
前記低圧塔で精留分離された低温の前記窒素ガス或いは前記酸素ガス、又は前記高圧塔で精留分離された低温の前記窒素ガスを、前記第2昇圧機で昇圧した後、前記保冷箱内の前記熱交換器に供給する昇圧後気体導出路と、を備えることを特徴とする空気分離装置。 - 前記低圧塔の頂部から窒素ガスを導出する低圧塔窒素導出路と、
前記低圧塔の上部から前記第1気体を導出し、前記第1膨張タービンに供給する第1ガス導出路と、
前記第1ガス導出路から分岐され、前記第2膨張タービンに前記第2気体を導出する第2ガス導出路と、を備え、
前記低圧塔の頂部からの前記窒素ガスは、前記第2昇圧機で昇圧された後、前記昇圧後気体導出路により前記保冷箱内の前記熱交換器に送られ、常温に昇温された後前記第1昇圧機で更に昇圧された後、装置外部に供給される請求項1に記載の空気分離装置。 - 前記低圧塔の頂部から窒素ガスを導出する低圧塔窒素導出路と、
前記高圧塔から窒素ガスを導出する高圧塔窒素導出路と、
前記低圧塔の上部から前記第1気体を導出し、前記第1膨張タービンに供給する第1ガス導出路と、
前記第1ガス導出路から分岐され、前記第2膨張タービンに前記第2気体を導出する第2ガス導出路と、を備え、
前記高圧塔窒素導出路からの前記窒素ガスは、前記第2昇圧機で昇圧された後、前記昇圧後気体導出路により前記保冷箱内の前記熱交換器に送られ、常温に昇温された後装置外部に供給される請求項1に記載の空気分離装置。 - 前記低圧塔の頂部から窒素ガスを導出する低圧塔窒素導出路と、
前記低圧塔の下部から酸素ガスを導出する低圧塔酸素導出路と、
前記低圧塔の上部から前記第1気体を導出し、前記第1膨張タービンに供給する第1ガス導出路と、
前記第1ガス導出路から分岐され、前記第2膨張タービンに前記第2気体を導出する第2ガス導出路と、を備え、
前記低圧塔酸素導出路からの前記酸素ガスは、前記第2昇圧機で昇圧された後、前記昇圧後気体導出路により前記保冷箱内の前記熱交換に送られ、常温に昇温された後装置外部に供給される請求項1に記載の空気分離装置。 - 前記低圧塔の頂部から窒素ガスを導出する低圧塔窒素導出路と、
前記原料空気を圧縮する原料空気圧縮機と、圧縮された前記原料空気を更に圧縮する昇圧圧縮機と、
前記第1気体として前記昇圧圧縮機で圧縮された圧縮空気を導出し、前記第1膨張タービンに供給する第1圧縮空気導出路と、
前記第1圧縮空気導出路から分岐され、前記第2気体として前記圧縮空気を前記第2膨張タービンに導出する第2圧縮空気導出路と、を備え、
前記低圧塔窒素導出路からの前記窒素ガスは、前記第2昇圧機で昇圧された後、前記昇圧後気体導出路により前記保冷箱内の前記熱交換器に送られ、常温に昇温された後前記第1昇圧機で更に昇圧された後、装置外部に供給される請求項1に記載の空気分離装置。 - 前記高圧塔から窒素ガスを導出する高圧塔窒素導出路と、
前記原料空気を圧縮する原料空気圧縮機と、圧縮された前記原料空気を更に圧縮する昇圧圧縮機と、
前記第1気体として前記昇圧圧縮機で圧縮された圧縮空気を導出し、前記第1膨張タービンに供給する第1圧縮空気導出路と、
前記第1圧縮空気導出路から分岐され、前記第2気体として前記圧縮空気を前記第2膨張タービンに導出する第2圧縮空気導出路と、を備え、
前記高圧塔窒素導出路からの前記窒素ガスは、前記第2昇圧機で昇圧された後、前記昇圧後気体導出路により前記保冷箱内の熱交換器に送られ、常温に昇温された後装置外部に供給される請求項1に記載の空気分離装置。 - 前記第1ガス導出路は前記低圧塔内から前記第1気体として廃窒素ガスを導出し、前記第2ガス導出路は前記低圧塔内から前記第2気体として廃窒素ガスを導出する請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の空気分離装置。
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