JP5571650B2 - 非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患および/または非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の治療薬 - Google Patents
非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患および/または非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の治療薬 Download PDFInfo
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Description
またストレプトコッカス属の乳酸菌としては、ストレプトコッカス ファエカリス(Streptococcus faecalis)、ストレプトコッカス ファエシウム(Streptococcus faecium)などがある。
またリューコノストック属の乳酸菌としては、リューコノストック マエセンテロイデス(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)、リューコノストック ラクティス(Leuconostoc lactis)などがある。
上記玄米とは別個に、乳酸菌と酵母との共棲培養液にパパイヤと、海藻とをそれぞれ別個に仕込んで予備発酵させたものとを調製しておく。パパイヤは、タンパク分解酵素その他を多く含むため、これら酵素によって発酵液中に含まれる成分が更に分解される。各発酵液内の分解の程度が略均一になったらこれらを混合して共棲発酵させる。
グルコース2モル、グリシン2モル、炭酸水素ナトリウム0.2モル濃度の溶液をpH6.8に調整した。95℃で7h還流を行いメラノイジンを合成した。反応液を冷却した後、透析膜(Viskase製、商品名「UC36−32−100」)にて1週間透析を行った。内液を凍結乾燥し、乳鉢で粉砕して粉末状にした。この粉末状物の水溶液について、日本分光製V−570を使用してUVスペクトルを測定した。結果を図3に示す。UVスペクトルは、特定の場所に吸収ピークが見られず、波長300nmから700nmにむかって吸収がなだらかに減少するものであった。
乳酸菌として、ラクトバシラス カゼイ(Lactobacillus casei)、ラクトバシラス プランタルム(Lactobacillus plantarum)、ラクトバシラス ラクティス(Lactobacillus lactis)を使用し、酵母としてSaccharomyces cerevisiaeを使用した。これを米糠からなる培養液で予備発酵させた液を種菌発酵液とした。乳酸菌と酵母とを含む種菌発酵液に蒸し玄米を仕込み、乳酸菌の産生が促進される条件で一次発酵させた。同様にして乳酸菌と酵母とを含む種菌発酵液にパパイヤと海藻(昆布とモズク)とをそれぞれ別個に仕込み、玄米と同様に一次発酵させた。なお、仕込み原料は、蒸し玄米100質量部に対し、パパイヤ25質量部と海藻8質量部とし、全発酵液中の仕込み原料の比率は1.5質量%とした。その後、各共棲発酵液を混合した。溶存酸素量を調整して乳酸菌以外の菌の活性が促進する条件で発酵を継続した。なお、発酵工程では、必要に応じて純水や種菌発酵液を追加した。原料の分解が進み発酵液が褐色かつ澄明になったところを発酵の終点とした。一次発酵の開始から発酵の終了まで6ヶ月間を要した。ついで、発酵終了から6ヶ月間熟成した。熟成後の発酵液から直径0.45μmのフィルターを使用して菌体を除去し、発酵エキスを得た。この発酵エキスのpHは、6.0であり、アルコールは検出されなかった。
ポンプ:SHIMADZU製、LC−10ADvp
デガッサー:SHIMADZU製、DGU−14A
オートインジェクター:SHIMADZU製、SIL−10ADvp
システムコントローラー:SHIMADZU製、SCL−10Avp
ダイオードアレイ検出器:SHIMADZU製、SPD−M10Avp
蒸発光散乱検出器:SHIMADZU製、ELSD−LT
カラム:Shodex OH pak SB−803 HQ
流速:0.8mL/min
移動相:100mMリン酸緩衝液
8週令C57BL6/N 雄性マウスを4群に分け、メチオニン・コリン欠乏食、メチオニン・コリン欠乏食と製造例2の褐色の発酵産物、通常食、通常食と製造例2の褐色の発酵産物とをそれぞれ4週間に亘り、摂取させた。
投与後、血清ASTおよび血清ALTを測定した。結果を図4に示す。また、肝臓を採集し、RNA、タンパク質を抽出し、リアルタイムPCR法、ウェスタンブロッド法、免疫沈降法を用いてアディポサイトカインおよびサイトカインなどの各種パラメータの変化を定量的に評価した。肝PAI−1、肝TNFα、肝TIMP−1の結果をそれぞれ図5、図6、図7に示す。
図4に示すように、メチオニン・コリン欠乏食が給餌されてNASH様病態が誘導されたマウス群では、血清ALTが220IU/Lに、血清ASTは170IU/Lに増加した。しかしながら、NASH様病態を誘導したマウスに製造例2の褐色の発酵産物を投与した群は、血清ALT値が140IU/Lと220IU/Lの63%に抑制し、血清AST値は105IU/Lであり170IU/Lの62%に抑制した。なお、通常食では、褐色の発酵産物の投与により血清ALTおよびAST値に変動がなかったことから、褐色の発酵産物は安全性に優れると考えられる。
4週令C57BL/6 雌性マウスにメチオニン・コリン欠乏食を4週間投与して投与してマウスNASHモデルを作成した。
このマウスNASHモデルを4群に分け、通常食と生理食塩水(5ml/kg体重/日)、通常食と製造例2の発酵エキス(5ml/kg体重/日)、メチオニン・コリン欠乏食と生理食塩水(5ml/kg体重/日)、メチオニン・コリン欠乏食と製造例2の発酵エキス(5ml/kg体重/日)をそれぞれ4週間に亘り胃管投与した。
投与後、マウスの肝臓、血清を採取した。肝臓組織の一部は、4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定し、パラフィン切片を作成した。ヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色を行い、肝臓組織像を評価した。血清および組織サンプルは、−80℃で保存し、血清AST、肝TG、肝臓組織免疫組織化学染色、肝臓組織中過酸化脂質量の測定、肝臓組織中スーパーオキシドジムスターゼ活性の測定を行った。
血清ALTおよび肝TGの結果を図8に、HE染色の結果を図9に、肝TBARSおよび肝SODの結果を図10に示す。なお、図9において、通常食と生理食塩水の結果をCont+C、通常食と製造例2の発酵エキスの結果をCont+M、メチオニン・コリン欠乏食と生理食塩水の結果をMCD+C、メチオニン・コリン欠乏食と製造例2の発酵エキスの結果をMCD+Mで表記した。
図8に示すように、通常食で飼育したマウス群は発酵エキス投与の有無に関わらず、血清ALTは共に20IU/Lであり、肝TGは共に10〜13mg/gであった。これに対し、メチオニン・コリン欠乏食が給餌されてNASH様病態が誘導されたマウス群では、血清ALTが220IU/Lに、肝TGは122mg/gに増加した。しかしながら、NASH様病態を誘導したマウスに製造例2の発酵エキスを投与した群は、血清ALT値が140IU/Lと220IU/Lの63%に抑制し、肝TGは70mg/gであり122mg/gの57%に抑制した。NASH様病態の誘導により血清ALT値や肝TGが上昇するが、発酵エキスの投与により、これらを低減しうることが判明した。なお、通常食では、発酵エキスの投与により血清ALTおよびAST値に変動がなく、健常マウスへの副作用が少ないと考えられた。
Claims (4)
- 多糖類、パパイヤおよび海藻を、乳酸菌と酵母とで共棲発酵してなる発酵エキスを有効成分とする、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患および/または非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の治療薬。
- 前記多糖類が、米、米糠および/または玄米であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の治療薬。
- 前記乳酸菌が、ラクトバシラス カゼイ、ラクトバシラス プランタルム、またはラクトバシラス ラクティスであり、および前記酵母が、サッカロマイセス セレビシエである、請求項1または2記載の治療薬。
- 前記発酵エキスがメラノイジンを含有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患および/または非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の治療薬。
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