JP5543361B2 - バルク金属酸化物粒子を調製するためのプロセス - Google Patents
バルク金属酸化物粒子を調製するためのプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP5543361B2 JP5543361B2 JP2010537050A JP2010537050A JP5543361B2 JP 5543361 B2 JP5543361 B2 JP 5543361B2 JP 2010537050 A JP2010537050 A JP 2010537050A JP 2010537050 A JP2010537050 A JP 2010537050A JP 5543361 B2 JP5543361 B2 JP 5543361B2
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 93
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 37
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 168
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 164
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 164
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- -1 VIB metal compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 claims description 31
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000269 smectite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 219
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 111
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 111
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 81
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 79
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 53
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 48
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 45
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 43
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 42
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 39
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 36
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 25
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 24
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 23
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 21
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 16
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 13
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 10
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATYNVYNPWGEMMI-UHFFFAOYSA-H nickel(2+);carbonate;tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2].[Ni+2].[Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ATYNVYNPWGEMMI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 5
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo]=O QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DZKDPOPGYFUOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[W]=O DZKDPOPGYFUOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011817 metal compound particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- PFKAKHILNWLJRT-UHFFFAOYSA-H 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O PFKAKHILNWLJRT-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous carbonate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C([O-])=O RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011640 ferrous citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019850 ferrous citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tungsten Chemical compound [Ni].[W] MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- RIAJLMJRHLGNMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazanium;trioxomolybdenum;phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RIAJLMJRHLGNMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/888—Tungsten
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Description
含むバルク金属酸化物粒子を有するバルク触媒を記載している。該例は、第VIB族金属を上回るように第VIII族金属のモル比を増加することにより、水素化脱硫(HDS)活性の増加が得られると記載している。この文書は、特に、1つの第VIII族金属および1つの第VIB族金属を有するバルク金属触媒について、1.25を下回る第VIII族対第VIB族金属のモル比では、好適に活性な触媒を得ることは非常に困難であると示唆している。さらに、約1.1〜1.0を下回る金属モル比では、まったく活性を示さない、完全に異なる結晶構造が得られる。論理的観点からすると、そのような大量の第VIII族金属は、触媒の調製プロセスにおいて有利または必要でさえあるが、炭化水素原料の水素化精製に用いられる活性硫化バルク触媒においては、必要ではない、またはあまり必要ではない可能性があると考えられる。第VIII族対第VIB族の高い金属モル比は、触媒の合成中に有用であるように思われるが、過剰量の第VIII族金属は不必要な重量を加えるだけであり、また、いったんバルク金属酸化物粒子が硫化されると、バルク触媒組成物の単位重量当たりの活性を低下させるようである。したがって、より高い活性の触媒、特に、第VIII族対第VIB族の低い金属モル比で生成され得る、少なくとも1つの第VIII族および少なくとも1つの第VIB族金属を含むバルク触媒を発見するという要望が存在する。
において、活性触媒の形成を促進することが明らかになっている。「活性触媒」という用語は、高いHDSおよび/またはHDN活性を有する触媒を意味する。
属粒子を含むバルク触媒組成物は、ナノ粒子なしで調製されるバルク金属粒子を含む対応する触媒に比べて多くの利点を有することが明らかになっている。例えば、分散された状態で1μm未満の寸法を有する分散性ナノ粒子を用いて調製されたバルク金属触媒は、反応混合物中にそのようなナノ粒子を含まずに調製された同じ触媒と比べて、有意に高い水素化処理活性を有する触媒を提供することが明らかになっている。さらに、たとえ第VIII族対第VIB族の金属モル比が低くても、ナノ粒子の非存在下と比べると有意に短時間で、高度に活性な所望の金属酸化物のバルク粒子構造が形成される。
化合物および材料
ナノ粒子
他の化合物および材料
のアルコール、またはそれらの混合物を含む。好ましいプロトン性液体は、アルコールと水の混合物等の水と他のプロトン性液体の混合物であり、より好ましいプロトン性液体は水単独である。
はCoとNiの混合物、および第VIB族金属W、Mo、またはWとMoの混合物、好ましくはNiおよびWのみを、約1.2:1を下回る金属モル比で含み、また約0.1〜約5モル%(第VIB族金属全体に対するものであり、すべての金属は酸化物として示される)の間の第V族金属(好ましくはニオブ)、約0.5〜約5重量%(バルク金属酸化物粒子の全重量に対して)の合成ナノ粘土をさらに含み、第VIII族、第VIB族、および第V族金属は、バルク触媒粒子中の金属化合物全体の少なくとも約95重量%(酸化物を基準として)、またバルク触媒組成物の全重量に対する少なくとも約50重量%、好ましくは少なくとも約70重量%を形成する。
は、モリブデン二酸化物および三酸化物、モリブデン二硫化物、モリブデン炭化物、モリブデン窒化物、モリブデン酸アルミニウム、モリブデン酸(例えばH2MoO4)リンモリブデン酸アンモニウム、またはそれらの混合物等の不水溶性モリブデン化合物を含み、モリブデン酸ならびにモリブデン二酸化物および三酸化物が好ましい。
February 1969およびMolybdenum Chemicals, Chemical data series, Bulletin Cdb−12a−revised, November 1969に記載される。好適な水溶性クロム化合物は、標準的なクロム酸塩、イソポリクロム酸塩、および硫酸アンモニウを含む。
び/または炭酸ニッケルもしくはコバルト等の第VIII族非貴金属の水酸化炭酸塩および/または炭酸塩と、第VIB族金属酸化物および/または第VIB族の酸との組み合わせ、あるいは炭酸水酸化および/または炭酸ニッケルもしくはコバルト等の第VIII族の水酸化炭酸塩および/または炭酸塩と、二モリブデン酸アンモニウム、ヘプタモリブデン酸アンモニウム、およびメタタングステン酸アンモニウム等の第VIB族金属の塩との組み合わせである。当業者は、金属化合物のさらなる好適な組み合わせを選択することができるであろうと考えられる。
本発明の触媒の調製
(A)バルク金属酸化物粒子の調製
に必要であるが、得られた混合金属反応生成物中には組み込まれないこれらの陰イオン種(硝酸塩等)および陽イオン種(アンモニウムイオン等)を減少させ、また理想的には消失させる。
i)得られた沈殿物が固体/液体分離により処理され、乾燥および/または熱処理の任意選択的なステップが行われた後に、乾燥した沈殿物または共沈殿物に、
ii)湿潤させた上記ステップi)の沈殿物に、あるいは、
iii)プロトン性液体中で再度スラリー化させた上記ステップi)またはステップii)の沈殿物に、
添加され得る。
。粒度もまた、特に、さらなる材料が存在する場合に、噴霧乾燥等の処置による影響を受け得る。そのような処理中に粒度分布を制御するための好適な条件を選択することは、当業者の能力の範囲内である。
が横ばいになるようであるという事実を考慮すると、反応混合物に添加されるナノ粒子の量は、金属酸化物として計算すると、使用される金属の合計量に対して好ましくは約10重量%未満である。
金属化合物の組み合わせ
反応ステップ
プロセスおよび連続プロセスの両方として実行することができる。
(B)後続のプロセスステップ
i)結合剤材料、結合剤前駆体材料、従来の水素化処理触媒、分解化合物、リン含有化合物、ホウ素含有化合物、ケイ素含有化合物、フッ素含有化合物、追加の遷移金属、希土類金属、またはそれらの混合物の群から選択されるさらなる材料との配合、
ii)噴霧乾燥、(フラッシュ)乾燥、粉砕、混練、スラリー混合、乾式もしくは湿式混合、またはそれらの組み合わせ、
iii)成形、
(iv)乾燥および/または熱処理、ならびに、
(v)硫化。
プロセスステップ(i)
機械的強度の高いバルク触媒組成物をもたらすことが明らかになっている。さらにより好ましくは、中央粒径は約1〜約150μmの範囲であり、また最も好ましくは約2〜約150μmの範囲である。
本発明のバルク金属粒子から得られる非常に高い活性を利用するために、添加される結合剤の量は、一般的に、全組成物の約1〜約75重量%の範囲であり、好ましくは約1〜約50重量%、より好ましくは約1〜約30重量%、さらにより好ましくは約3〜約20重量%、また最も好ましくは約4〜約12重量%である。
のプロセスの間にこれらの金属を添加することとは別に、それとともに最終バルク触媒組成物を配合することも可能である。したがって、最終バルク触媒組成物を、これらの金属のうちのいずれかを含む含浸溶液に含浸させることが可能である。
プロセスステップ(ii)
プロセスステップ(iii)
は、LOIとして表される成形混合物中の液体の量は、約20〜約80%の範囲である。
プロセスステップ(iv)
プロセスステップ(v)
る前に、別個の反応器内で硫化が実行される。さらに、バルク触媒組成物がエクスシチュー(ex situ)およびインシチュー(in situ)の両方で硫化されることが好ましい。
本発明のバルク触媒組成物
酸化物バルク触媒組成物
−EDXは、ナノメートルまたはマイクロメートル規模の濃度を決定するために使用され、AASおよびICPはバルク法である。
mm、また好ましくは少なくとも約3lbs/mmの側面破壊強度として示される機械的強度を有する(直径1〜2mmの押出物で測定)。
硫化バルク触媒組成物
i)ナノ粒子、少なくとも1つの第VIII族非貴金属、および少なくとも2つの第VIB族金属を含み、使用条件下における硫化の程度が約90%を超えない硫化物バルク金属粒子、および、
ii)結合剤材料、従来の水素化処理触媒、分解化合物、またはそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される材料、
を含む成形および硫化バルク触媒組成物にさらに関する。
載したものと同一である。
本発明による使用
特性決定の方法
1.側面破壊強度の決定
2.N2吸着による細孔容積
3.添加される固体金属化合物の量
4.特徴的な半値全幅
a)第VIB族金属がモリブデンおよびタングステンである場合:特徴的な半値全幅は、2θ=53.6°(±0.7°)におけるピークの半値全幅(2θで)である。
b)第VIB族金属がモリブデンおよびクロムである場合:特徴的な半値全幅は、2θ=63.5°(±0.6°)におけるピークの半値全幅(2θで)である。
c)第VIB族金属がタングステンおよびクロムである場合:特徴的な半値全幅は、2θ=53.6°(±0.7°)におけるピークの半値全幅(2θで)である。
d)第VIB族金属がモリブデン、タングステン、およびクロムである場合:特徴的な半値全幅は、2θ=53.6°(±0.7°)におけるピークの半値全幅(2θで)である。
・X線発生装置の設定:40kVおよび40mA
・波長:1.5418オングストローム
・発散および散乱防止スリット:1°
・検出器スリット:0.2mm
・ステップサイズ:0.04(°2θ)
・時間/ステップ:20秒
5.硫化の程度
6.ナノ粒子の寸法
実施例E1(Ni1Mo0.5W0.5+3w%ラポナイト)
長60nm)、多層(最高5層)から構成されていた。
比較実験C1(Ni1Mo0.5W0.5)
試験手順1および2を用いたE1およびC1の試験
試験手順1:VGO試験
試験手順2:ULSD試験
Limitedより入手可能なラポナイトRD)を、別個の撹拌槽内の水に約1時間懸濁させた。50.0gのタングステン酸H2WO4(0.2mol W)を、23.5gの炭酸水酸化ニッケル2NiCO3*3Ni(OH)2*4H2O(0.2molのNi)とともに1リットルの水中でスラリー化した。次いでラポナイト懸濁液を添加し、スラ
リーが均一になるまで混合物を撹拌した。懸濁液を95℃まで加熱し、連続的に撹拌しがらその温度で24時間(一晩)維持した。その後、懸濁液を濾過した。得られた固体を120℃で16時間(一晩)乾燥させた。得られた固体をペレット化し、ペレットを粉砕して篩過により40〜60メッシュ画分を単離した。次いで材料を300℃で1時間焼成した。次いで材料を硫化し、下の試験手順3に記載するように試験を行った。
実施例E3(Ni1Mo0.5W0.5+3w% ラポナイト)
比較実験C2(Ni1Mo0.5W0.5 ラポナイトなし)
比較実験C3(Ni1W1 ラポナイトなし)
比較実験C4(Ni1W1 ラポナイトなし:150℃
比較実験C5 (Ni1W1 ラポナイトなし:90℃、7日間)
試験手順3:ディーゼル
Limitedより入手可能なラポナイトRD)を、開放型の撹拌槽内の1リットルの
水に約1時間懸濁させた。実施例E1で述べたように、この実施例で使用されるラポナイトは、厚さ約0.92nmの、約25nmの横方向の寸法を有する1次粒子で形成される円盤状プレートレットである。製造業者によると、ラポナイトは、900m2.g−1を超える表面積を有する。49.9gのタングステン酸H2WO4(92.7重量%のWO3、0.2モルのW)および23.5gの炭酸水酸化ニッケル2NiCO3*3Ni(OH)2*4H2O(0.2モルのNi)を、撹拌しながらラポナイト懸濁液に添加した。スラリーが均一になるまで混合物を撹拌した。懸濁液を90℃まで加熱し、撹拌しながらその温度で20時間維持した。懸濁液のpHは5.7と測定された。今回は最後に懸濁液を濾過した。得られた固体を90℃で一晩乾燥させた。図2の上部XRDパターンに示すように、得られた固体のX線回折は、本発明による触媒の典型的な特徴を示した。
比較実施例C6(Ni1W1+10重量% Actigel208)
Claims (10)
- バルク金属酸化物粒子を調製するためのプロセスであって、(i)液体中に分散すると1μm未満の寸法を有する分散性粘土鉱物ナノ粒子と、(ii)少なくとも1つの第VIII族非貴金属化合物と、(iii)少なくとも1つの第VIB族金属化合物と、(iv)プロトン性液体とを、反応混合物中で合わせるステップと、前記粘土鉱物ナノ粒子の存在下において、前記少なくとも1つの第VIII族非貴金属化合物と前記少なくとも1つの第VIB族金属化合物とを反応させるステップと、を含み、前記粘土鉱物ナノ粒子は、前記少なくとも1つの第VIII族非貴金属化合物および前記少なくとも1つの第VIB族金属化合物とは組成が異なる、プロセス。
- 少なくとも1つの第VIII族非貴金属化合物および少なくとも2つの第VIB族金属化合物は、前記反応混合物中で合わせられる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記反応混合物は、第V族金属化合物をさらに含む、請求項1〜2のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記金属化合物は、前記プロセスの間、少なくとも部分的に固体の状態である、請求項1〜3のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記粘土鉱物ナノ粒子は、前記金属化合物の後で前記反応混合物に添加される、請求項1〜4のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記反応混合物は、
a)プロトン性液体中で、少なくとも1つの第VIII族非貴金属化合物の第1の懸濁液を調製するステップと、
b)プロトン性液体中で、少なくとも1つの第VIB族金属化合物の第2の懸濁液を調製するステップと、
c)前記第1の懸濁液と前記第2の懸濁液を一緒に合わせるステップと、
によって調製され、
前記第1、第2、または両方の懸濁液のいずれかは粘土鉱物ナノ粒子を含有し、また前記粘土鉱物ナノ粒子は、前記少なくとも1つの第VIII族非貴金属化合物および前記少なくとも1つの第VIB族金属化合物とは組成が異なる、
請求項4に記載のプロセス。 - 前記少なくとも1つの第VIII族非貴金属化合物は、粘土鉱物ナノ粒子の存在下において堆積した炭酸(水酸化)ニッケルを含有する、請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記粘土鉱物ナノ粒子は、0.1〜1.5nmの厚さ、100〜1500のアスペクト比、および250m2/gを上回る表面積を有するプレートレットを含む、請求項1〜7の
うちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。 - 前記粘土鉱物ナノ粒子は、スメクタイト族の合成粘土、層状ケイ酸、カオリナイト、ラポナイト、ハロイサイト、およびそれらの混合物から構成される群から選択される、請求項1〜8のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記粘土鉱物ナノ粒子は、ラポナイトから構成される、請求項9に記載のプロセス。
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