JP5542691B2 - 治療薬を送達するための装置および方法 - Google Patents
治療薬を送達するための装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5542691B2 JP5542691B2 JP2010539873A JP2010539873A JP5542691B2 JP 5542691 B2 JP5542691 B2 JP 5542691B2 JP 2010539873 A JP2010539873 A JP 2010539873A JP 2010539873 A JP2010539873 A JP 2010539873A JP 5542691 B2 JP5542691 B2 JP 5542691B2
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Description
本出願は、2007年12月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/015,509号、及び2008年10月30に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/197,750号の優先権を主張し、且つそれらの恩恵を求めており、係る仮特許出願は参照により全体的に本明細書に組み込まれる。
薬物治療は、患者の体の特定部分に治療薬(例えば、薬剤、薬など)を投与することが必要な場合が多い。静脈注射は、昔から薬を全身的に送達するための医療行為の中心である。しかしながら、いくつかの疾患は、アクセスを実現することが非常に困難な解剖学的領域に薬を投与することを必要とする。
種々の実施形態において、本発明は、例えば患者の目のような、患者の体の一部へ治療薬を送達するための装置と方法を特徴としている。一手法において、薬物送達デバイスは、様々な治療薬の1つを患者に送達するための単一のリザーバを特徴としている。別の手法において、薬物送達デバイスは、例えば段階的に、又は交互に患者へ2つ以上の異なる治療薬を送達するための複数のリザーバを特徴としている。
一般に、本発明の実施形態は、例えば患者の目のような、患者の体の一部に治療薬を送達するための装置と方法に関する。特定の実施形態において、目に対する埋め込み型薬物送達デバイスは、小さいサイズ及び詰め替え可能なリザーバを兼ね備える。小さいサイズは、デバイスから患者の目への不快感を最小限にすると同時に、詰め替え可能なリザーバにより、デバイスは、交換される代わりにそのままで詰め替えられる(補充される)ことが可能になる。そのようなものだから、単一薬剤の溶液のような流体は、長期間にわたって患者の目に供給され得る。
i)緑内障および/または高眼圧症の治療用の、アセタゾールアミド、ベタキソロール、ビマトプロスト、ブリモニジン、ブリンゾラミド、カルビドパ、カルテオロール、ドルゾラミド、エピネフリン、ラタノプロスト、レボドパ、レボブノロール、レボベタキソロール、ロラタジン、メチプラノロール、ピロカルピン、偽エフェドリン、チモロール、トラボプロスト、及びイソプロピルウノプロストン;
ii)加齢性黄斑変性症、および/または糖尿病性網膜症および網膜血管閉塞症に関連した黄斑浮腫の治療用の、ラニビズマブ、ペガプタニブ、ベルテポルフィン、ベバシズマブ(例えば、アバスチン(R))、ステロイド(フルオシノロン及びトリアムシノロンなど(例えば、ケナログ(R)))、網膜においてβアミロイド沈着を防止する薬(タレンフルルビルなど(例えば、Flurizan(R)))、目における補体Hの活性化をブロックするための抗ヒト補体活性化遮断薬、及びsiRNA分子(適切に滴定され得る送達);
iii)涙液の産生量低下の治療用のシクロスポリンの点眼薬;
iv)サイトメガロウイルス性網膜炎の治療用のバルガンシクロビル、ビトラベン、及びシドフォビル;
v)細菌性結膜炎の治療用のレボフロキサシン;
vi)かゆみ及びアレルギー性結膜炎の治療用のエタボン酸ロテプレドノール、ナファゾリン、マレイン酸フェニラミン、ペミロラスト、及びフマル酸ケトチフェン;
vii)術後の目の炎症の治療用のエタボン酸ロテプレドノール;
viii)単純ヘルペスウィルスによる子供の角膜炎症の治療用のトリフルリジン;
ix)白内障摘出後の術後の炎症の治療用のケトロラクトロメタミン;
x)角膜潰瘍の治療用のオフロキサシン;
xi)シェーグレン症候群、自己免疫疾患の治療用のピロカルピン;
xii)再発悪性神経膠腫の大人の患者の治療、及び/又は危険性の高い悪性脳腫瘍の小児患者の治療用のベバシズマブ(例えば、アバスチン(R))、イリノテカン(CPT−11としても知られている)、及びステロイド;
xiii)アルツハイマー病の治療用の、脳においてβアミロイド沈着を防止する薬(タレンフルルビルなど(例えば、Flurizan(R)));
xiv)中枢神経系の発作後の浮腫を低減するための、及び/又は頭部外傷後の脳浮腫を低減するためのステロイド;
xv)炎症反応(例えば、マクロファージ)を抑制するために、非ステロイド性薬物と組み合わせたステロイド、又は抗癌剤(例えば、腫瘍壊死因子遮断薬)と組み合わせたステロイド;及び
xvi)脳由来成長因子のような成長因子、毛様体神経栄養因子、塩基性線維芽細胞成長因子、及び神経成長因子、並びに網膜疾患、緑内障、及び/又は脳障害における神経防護作用に対する腫瘍壊死成長因子阻害薬である。
患者の前眼部および後眼部の双方における組織に標的送達を可能にするフレキシブルなパリレンの経強膜的なカニューレを有するデバイスが以下で説明される。この電気化学的に駆動される薬物送達デバイスは、眼の薬物治療に適した流量(即ち、pL/分〜μL/分)を提供することの動作確認が行われた。連続的薬物送達モード及びボーラス薬物送達モードが、250nLの目標容積の正確な送達を達成するように実施された。カプセル化パッケージング技術が緊急手術の研究のためにに開発され、豚の目において予備の生体外薬物送達実験が実施された。
qtheoritical=0.75(I/F)Vm
ここで、Iはアンペア単位の電流であり、Fはファラデー定数であり、Vmは25℃で大気圧のモルガス量である。理論的な生成ガス容量または投与ガス容量(m3単位でのVtheoretical)は以下により求められ得る。即ち、
Vtheoretical=qtheoriticalt
ここで、tは、電流が印加されている持続時間(秒の単位)である。ポンプとしての電気分解アクチュエータの効率(η)は、以下のように定義され得る。即ち、
η=Vexperimental/Vtheoritical
ここで、Vexperimentalは、生成された水素ガスと酸素ガスの実際の体積である。電気化学システムにおける効率は、多数のパラメータにより影響を受け、当該パラメータには、電極のパラメータ(例えば、材料、表面積、幾何学的形状、及び表面状態)、物質移動のパラメータ(例えば、輸送モード、表面濃度、及び吸着)、外部パラメータ(例えば、温度、圧力、及び時間)、溶液のパラメータ(例えば、電気活性種のバルク濃度、他の種および溶媒の濃度)、及び電気パラメータ(例えば、電位、電流、及び電気量)が含まれる。
Claims (19)
- 薬物送達デバイスであって、
第1の治療薬を含む、又は本質的に第1の治療薬からなる第1の液体を収容するための第1のリザーバを備える第1のポンプと、
前記第1の治療薬とは異なる第2の治療薬を含む、又は本質的に前記第2の治療薬からなる第2の液体を収容するための第2のリザーバを備える第2のポンプと、
前記第1及び第2のリザーバと流体連絡し、前記第1及び第2の液体を患者に別々に送達するための少なくとも1つのカニューレと、
前記第2のポンプとは別に前記第1のポンプを付勢するための命令を発行するためのマイクロエレクトロニクスとを含む、薬物送達デバイス。 - 前記第1のリザーバが前記第1の液体を含み、前記第2のリザーバが前記第2の液体を含む、請求項1に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、緑内障または高眼圧症の少なくとも1つを治療するための薬剤である、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、アセタゾールアミド、ベタキソロール、ビマトプロスト、ブリモニジン、ブリンゾラミド、カルビドパ、カルテオロール、ドルゾラミド、エピネフリン、ラタノプロスト、レボドパ、レボブノロール、レボベタキソロール、ロラタジン、メチプラノロール、ピロカルピン、偽エフェドリン、チモロール、トラボプロスト、及びイソプロピルウノプロストンからなるグループから選択される、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、加齢性黄斑変性症、糖尿病性網膜症に関連した黄斑浮腫、又は網膜血管閉塞症に関連した黄斑浮腫の少なくとも1つを治療するための薬剤である、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、ラニビズマブ、ペガプタニブ、ベルテポルフィン、ベバシズマブ、ステロイド、網膜においてβアミロイド沈着を防止する薬、目における補体Hの活性化をブロックするための抗ヒト補体活性化遮断薬、及びsiRNA分子からなるグループから選択される、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、サイトメガロウイルス性網膜炎を治療するための薬剤である、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、バルガンシクロビル、ビトラベン、及びシドフォビルからなるグループから選択される、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、かゆみ及びアレルギー性結膜炎を治療するための薬剤である、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、エタボン酸ロテプレドノール、ナファゾリン、マレイン酸フェニラミン、ペミロラスト、及びフマル酸ケトチフェンからなるグループから選択される、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、再発悪性神経膠腫、又は悪性脳腫瘍の少なくとも1つを治療するための薬剤である、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、ベバシズマブ、イリノテカン、及びステロイドからなるグループから選択される、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、炎症反応を抑制する、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1の治療薬がステロイドであり、前記第2の治療薬が、非ステロイド性薬物、及び抗癌剤からなるグループから選択される、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、網膜疾患、緑内障、又は脳障害の少なくとも1つに神経防護作用を提供するための薬剤である、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬のそれぞれが、脳由来成長因子、毛様体神経栄養因子、塩基性線維芽細胞成長因子、神経成長因子、及び腫瘍壊死成長因子阻害薬からなるグループから選択される、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬が、緑内障、高眼圧症、加齢性黄斑変性症、糖尿病性網膜症に関連した黄斑浮腫、網膜血管閉塞症に関連した黄斑浮腫、涙液の産生量低下、サイトメガロウイルス性網膜炎、細菌性結膜炎、かゆみ及びアレルギー性結膜炎、術後の目の炎症、単純ヘルペスウィルスによる角膜炎、白内障摘出後の術後の炎症、角膜潰瘍、及びシェーグレン症候群からなるグループから選択された2つの異なる病気を治療するための薬剤である、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の治療薬が、再発悪性神経膠腫、悪性脳腫瘍、アルツハイマー病、脳浮腫、及び炎症反応からなるグループから選択された2つの異なる病気を治療するための薬剤である、請求項2に記載の薬物送達デバイス。
- 少なくとも1つのカニューレが、前記第1のリザーバと流体連絡する第1のカニューレ、及び前記第2のリザーバと流体連絡する第2の別個のカニューレを含む、請求項1〜18の何れかに記載の薬物送達デバイス。
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