JP5437102B2 - Fire extinguishing agent for gel-containing fire extinguishing water - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing agent for preparing a surfactant-based gel-containing fire-extinguishing water.

  Usually, fires are extinguished using water (fire-extinguishing water). Water has a high cooling effect because of its high specific heat and heat of evaporation, and extinguishes or burns by efficiently depriving heat from combustibles and combustibles. However, water has a high surface tension, and does not stay on the surface of the combustible or combustible material, but easily falls and flows away. It is said that about 10% of the water used for fire fighting activities actually contributes to fire fighting. Therefore, when extinguishing a fire, it is necessary to continuously discharge water for a long time, and thus a large amount of water is required. In addition, since the fire extinguishing water that has been discharged flows down in a large amount without stagnation, for example, when extinguishing a fire in a high-rise building, the inflow of water to a lower layer that is not directly related to the fire, or water to an adjacent building There are also problems such as scattering and secondary disasters.

  On the other hand, the amount of water resources may be limited near the fire site. For example, in forest fires, it is often impossible to secure sufficient water for fire fighting. In this case, it is particularly required that a limited amount of water contributes to fire extinguishing efficiently.

So far, the following water-added fire extinguishing agents have been developed to enhance the fire extinguishing action of water.
(A) Phosphate inorganic compound fire extinguishing agent Usually contains ammonium phosphate as a main component. When fire-extinguishing water containing a phosphate inorganic compound-based fire extinguishing agent is sprayed on a fire area, ammonium phosphate is decomposed by heating, and heat is absorbed to remove surrounding heat. Further, non-flammable gas is generated and a gas layer is formed around it to shut off oxygen. When the temperature becomes higher, it changes to a molten glass state to cover the combustion surface and shut off oxygen. Since fire-extinguishing water containing phosphate-based inorganic compound-based fire extinguishing agents is colorless, it is possible to identify the application area only by adding a coloring agent, especially in forest fires.

However, in order to add a phosphate inorganic compound fire extinguisher and enhance the fire fighting action of fire water, it is necessary to add a lot of fire extinguishing agents to water. Further, it takes time and effort to add a colorant and the like, and there remains a problem in quickly preparing fire-extinguishing water in the event of a fire. In addition, phosphate inorganic compounds are not easily dissolved in water, so it is easy to produce mamako (powder), and those that have been stored for a long period of time will cause the components to precipitate and become agglomerates. Become. The fact that phosphate inorganic compounds are hardly soluble in water also causes a problem that it takes time to clean the materials and equipment.
Furthermore, since ammonium phosphate is similar to the components used in fertilizers, environmental problems have been pointed out that bring about eutrophication in the sprayed soil.

(B) Synthetic surfactant-based fire extinguishing agent Since the main component is a synthetic surfactant, fire-fighting water containing a synthetic surfactant-based fire extinguisher has low surface tension and penetrates fire extinguishing targets such as combustibles and combustibles. Cheap. Moreover, the foam formed by the impact etc. which collided covers a combustion thing and a combustible material, and interrupts oxygen, and the effect of fire extinguishing, a relapse prevention, and a fire spread suppression improves. The concentration of the surfactant-based fire extinguisher in water is low, and the fire-extinguishing water can be prepared by adding only the fire-extinguishing agent to the water, so that the fire-extinguishing water can be prepared relatively quickly.

However, especially when helicopters and aircraft are used to discharge air (spray) from the sky, fire-fighting water containing synthetic surfactant-based fire extinguishing agents can easily generate bubbles due to the resistance of air. There are problems such as being blown away by the airflow and the airflow generated by the flight of the aircraft itself such as a helicopter, a flying boat, an airplane, etc., diffusing and disappearing, and fire extinguishing water is difficult to reach the target point.
In addition, since synthetic surfactants do not lose their surface-active action for a certain period even when released into the environment, there is a concern about toxicity to aquatic organisms.

(C) Water-absorbing polymer-based fire extinguishing agent Exhibiting fire extinguishing, reflaming prevention, and fire spread prevention effects by bringing a water-absorbing polymer that has water-absorbing polymer as the main component into contact with a combustible or combustible material. .

However, since the fire-extinguishing water containing a water-absorbing polymer-based fire extinguishing agent is transparent and the portion where the fire extinguishing water has reached cannot be identified, a coloring agent is also usually added. Therefore, it takes time to prepare fire extinguishing water. Also, fire extinguishing water containing a water-absorbing polymer-based fire extinguisher is less permeable than fire-extinguishing water containing a surfactant-based fire extinguisher, so it is difficult for fire extinguishing water to spread from the attached part to the surroundings, The effects of extinguishing fire, preventing relapse, and preventing fire spread cannot be expected. Furthermore, the water-absorbing polymer causes the foot to slip during operations such as after-fire treatment after fire and field surveys.
In addition, it has been pointed out that water-absorbing polymers are difficult to biodegrade and accumulate in the environment, adversely affecting the ecosystem.

  In order to solve the problems of the above-mentioned phosphate inorganic compound-based, synthetic surfactant-based and water-absorbing polymer-based fire extinguishing agents, a water-added type using a so-called soap such as fatty acid sodium salt or fatty acid potassium salt as a surfactant. Non-synthetic surfactant fire extinguishing agents have also been reported (Patent Document 1). Since soap is a highly biodegradable surfactant, non-synthetic surfactant fire extinguishing agents have the advantage of reducing the impact on the ecosystem. Moreover, in the fire extinguisher of patent document 1, the production | generation of the soap residue by reaction with the metal component in fire-extinguishing water is suppressed by making a fatty acid sodium salt and fatty acid potassium salt coexist with a chelate component. However, Patent Document 1 describes that when a soap component and a certain chelating agent are mixed with water, it gels at room temperature, and in that case, it cannot be used as fire extinguishing water.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 describes a method for producing a gelling agent by mixing an alkali metal salt such as oleic acid and a chelating agent in water. It is described that the method for producing the gelling agent can be used for a method for fixing a hydrophobic substance and a method for producing a cell culture gel, but it is described that the gel produced by the production method can be used as fire extinguishing water. It has not been.

International Publication WO2006 / 028233 Pamphlet JP 2007-131715 A

An object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing agent for easily preparing fire-extinguishing water having high fire-extinguishing efficiency.
Moreover, this invention makes it a subject to provide the method of extinguishing a fire efficiently by preparing fire extinguishing water with high fire extinguishing efficiency by a simple method, and discharging this to a fire spot.

  The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in view of the above problems. As a result, if the gel-containing fire-fighting water, in which part or all of the fire-fighting water containing the surfactant is hydrogeled, is discharged (sprayed), the fire-fighting water after discharge will land on the fire site while spreading appropriately. We found that fire-fighting water can be efficiently sent to the site. In addition, by adding a gelling agent having a surface-active action to water, it is possible to easily prepare a gel-containing fire-extinguishing water excellent in adhesion, foamability and permeability, and to effectively extinguish a fire. I found it. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

The object of the present invention has been achieved by the following means .
[1 ] A fire extinguishing agent for gel-containing fire extinguishing water, comprising at least one fatty acid metal salt component having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one sequestering agent component ,
The gel-containing fire-fighting water has a concentration of 0.1 to 4% by weight and 1 to 10% by weight of the at least one fatty acid metal salt component having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and the at least one metal sequestering agent component, respectively. A fire extinguisher containing 30 to 100% by weight of the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water .
[2] in which the gel contained in the gel-containing fire extinguishing water is intended to adhere and / or foam impinge upon combustion thereof and / or combustible materials, and to a sol by fire heat, [1 ] Extinguishing agent as described in ] .
[ 3 ] The at least one fatty acid metal salt component having 10 to 18 carbon atoms is an alkali metal salt of lauric acid, an alkali metal salt of myristic acid, an alkali metal salt of palmitic acid, an alkali metal salt of stearic acid, and oleic acid The fire extinguisher according to the above [ 1 ] or [ 2], which is one or two or more fatty acid metal salts selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts.
[ 4 ] The at least one sequestering agent component comprises glutamic acid diacetic acid tetrametallic salt, aspartic acid diacetic acid tetrametallic salt, methylglycine diacetic acid trimetallic salt, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid trimetallic salt, and hydroxyiminodisuccinic acid. The fire extinguisher in any one of said [ 1 ]-[ 3 ] which is 1 type, or 2 or more types of metal sequestering agents chosen from the group which consists of tetrametallic salts.
[5] 30 to 100% by weight of the gel of the gel-containing fire extinguishing water, at least one fatty acid metal salt having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one sequestering agent within 10 minutes after adding the water The fire extinguishing agent according to any one of [ 1 ] to [ 4 ], which occurs in the above.
[ 6 ] The fire extinguishing agent according to any one of [1] to [ 5 ], wherein the gel-containing fire extinguishing water is a biodegradable forest fire extinguishing water.
[ 7 ] A step of preparing a gel-containing fire-extinguishing water by adding the fire-extinguishing agent according to any one of [1] to [ 6 ] above to water, and a step of discharging the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water to a fire site,
Including fire extinguishing methods.
[ 8 ] The gel-containing fire-extinguishing water discharged is prevented from spreading outside the fire site and the fire spread prevention zone, and the gel contained in the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water collides with the combustion product and / or the combustible material and adheres. The fire extinguishing method according to the above [ 7 ], which foams and / or forms a sol by the heat of a fire.

According to the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, fire-extinguishing water that can effectively extinguish a fire with a small amount of water discharge can be easily prepared.
Further, according to the fire extinguishing method of the present invention, it is possible to extinguish a fire efficiently with a small amount of water discharge, so that the fire can be extinguished using a limited amount of water resources at the fire site, and the water discharge Secondary disaster caused by fire extinguishing water can be suppressed.

It is a phase diagram which shows the gelatinization area | region in a ternary system. It is a figure which shows one set of fire model sets used in the Example. The fire model (1a) on the left side is not subjected to fire extinguishing water spraying treatment, and the fire model (1b) on the right side is subjected to fire extinguishing water spraying treatment. The fire model set is placed on the oil pan (2) and used for an evaluation test of the fire spread prevention ability.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments thereof.
[Extinguishing agent of the present invention]
The fire extinguisher of this invention is a fire extinguisher containing the gelatinizer which has surface active effect | action, and forms hydrogel containing surfactant by adding to water. The water containing the hydrogel is used as fire-extinguishing water (gel-containing fire-extinguishing water). As a gelling agent having a surface active action, a hydrogel is formed by swelling in water containing a fatty acid metal salt component and a metal sequestering component, cellulose-based, polyacrylate-based, polyacrylamide-based water, etc. Those containing a water-absorbing polymer component and an ionic surfactant component, those containing a polyethylene oxide component and an ionic surfactant component, those containing a gelatin component and an ionic surfactant component, etc. including but extinguishing agent of the present invention is that to contain the fatty acid metal salt component and a sequestering agent component. The fatty acid metal salt and the sequestering agent will be described below in (1) and (2) .

(1) Fatty acid metal salt The fatty acid metal salt used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is added to water together with a metal sequestering agent to be described later and exhibits a gelling action. A metal salt of an unsaturated fatty acid is preferable, and a metal salt of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 12 to 18 carbon atoms is more preferable. Examples of the fatty acid having 12 to 18 carbon atoms include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and the like.
The fatty acid metal salt used in the present invention may be an alkali metal salt such as a sodium salt or a potassium salt, or a metal salt other than an alkali metal such as a calcium salt, a zinc salt, a magnesium salt, or an aluminum salt. An alkali metal salt is preferable. Specific examples of the fatty acid metal salt used in the present invention include, for example, sodium laurate, potassium laurate, sodium myristate, potassium myristate, sodium palmitate, potassium palmitate, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, sodium oleate And potassium oleate.
Alkali metal salts of fatty acids are preferably used from the viewpoint of biodegradability.

  The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention may contain one or more of the above fatty acid metal salts, but there are few kinds of fatty acid metal salts to efficiently produce a gel. Is preferred.

  What is marketed can also be used for the said fatty-acid metal salt, and what was synthesize | combined by the normal method can also be used.

  The fatty acid metal salt used in the present invention constitutes the fire extinguisher of the present invention together with the metal sequestering agent described later, and the concentration in the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water as long as the fire-extinguishing agent is added to water to form the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water. Although there is no particular limitation, the total concentration of the fatty acid metal salt in the gel-containing fire extinguishing water is preferably 0.01 to 4% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 4% by weight, and 0.2 to 3%. More preferably, it is% by weight.

(2) Metal sequestering agent The sequestering agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is added to water together with the fatty acid metal salt and exhibits a gelling action. However, glutamic acid diacetic acid tetrametal salt, aspartic acid It is preferably diacetic acid tetrametal salt, methylglycine diacetic acid trimetal salt, hydroxyiminodisuccinic acid tetrametallic salt, or ethylenediamine disuccinic acid trimetallic salt. As a specific example of such a metal sequestering agent, for example, L-glutamic acid diacetic acid tetrasodium salt (GLDA) represented by the following formula (1),

L-aspartic acid- (N, N) -tetrasodium diacetate (ASDA) represented by the following formula (2),

Methyl glycine diacetate trisodium (MGDA) represented by the following formula (3),

3-hydroxy-2,2′-iminodisuccinic acid tetrasodium (HIDS) represented by the following formula (4),

Examples thereof include (S, S) -ethylenediamine disuccinate trisodium (EDDS) represented by the following formula (5).

  The metal sequestering agent is a biodegradable metal sequestering agent derived from a natural compound, and has an extremely low environmental load compared to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which is a typical metal sequestering agent. When these sequestering agents and fatty acid metal salts are mixed in an aqueous solution at a predetermined mixing ratio, the solution gels white. This is because the metal sequestering agent and the fatty acid metal salt form a complex and self-assemble to form a lamellar structure. The gel having the lamellar structure is easily solated by the heat of fire or the like. Moreover, since this gel contains a fatty acid metal salt, it foams by impact.

  The metal sequestering agent also has a role of preventing so-called soap dust from being generated by the reaction of the fatty acid metal salt contained in the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention with the metal component contained in water. Soap residue sticks to the surface when dried and is difficult to remove. Therefore, for example, when water is discharged to the wall of a residence next to a building that is burning, even if the fire spreads out, white soap bars remain after the fire is extinguished, especially in high-rise apartments, etc. Is very difficult to clean. Therefore, it is desirable to suppress the occurrence of soap scum in fire extinguishing water.

  The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention may contain one or more of the above metal sequestering agents.

  As the metal sequestering agent, a commercially available one can be used, or one synthesized by an ordinary method can be used.

  The sequestering agent used in the present invention constitutes the fire extinguisher of the present invention together with the above fatty acid metal salt, and as long as the fire extinguisher is added to water to form a gel-containing fire-extinguishing water, the concentration in the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water is increased. Although there is no particular limitation, the total concentration of the sequestering agent in the gel-containing fire extinguishing water is preferably at least 0.5% by weight, more preferably at least 1% by weight, and at least 2% by weight. Further preferred. In this case, the concentration of the sequestering agent is preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or less, and further preferably 10% by weight or less.

Then, the preferable aspect of the fire extinguisher of this invention is demonstrated to (3) below.
(3) extinguishant extinguishing agent of the present invention, the extinguishant der containing a gelling agent having a surface activity is, at least one of the metal sequestering agent component with one of the fatty acid metal salt component even without least A fire extinguisher. The fire extinguishing agent comprising the at least one fatty acid metal salt component and at least one metal sequestering component is a mixture of the at least one fatty acid metal salt and the at least one metal sequestering agent. Even if it is included in a state, it may be included in a state divided separately. Furthermore, when the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention contains two or more fatty acid metal salts, each fatty acid metal salt may be included in a mixed state or may be included separately. When the fire extinguishing agent contains two or more kinds of sequestering agents, each sequestering agent may be contained in a mixed state or separately.
In addition to the fatty acid metal salt and the metal sequestering agent, the fire extinguishing agent composed of the at least one fatty acid metal salt and the at least one sequestering agent may be an antifreeze, an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, or the like. May be included.
The fire extinguisher of the present invention may contain the above-mentioned gelling agent having a surface active action in the form of a solid such as a powder or a tablet, or a liquid such as an aqueous solution, a fluid, a semi-solid such as a gel However, it is usually included in the state of powder.

  The content of the gelling agent having a surface-active action contained in the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the gel-containing fire extinguishing water is produced when the fire extinguishing agent is added to water. It is 10-100 weight% with respect to a total weight, It is preferable that it is 20-100 weight%, and it is more preferable that it is 50-100 weight%.

  In the case where the fire extinguisher of the present invention is a fire extinguisher composed of the fatty acid metal salt and the sequestering agent, the content ratio of the fatty acid metal salt and the sequestering agent is such that when the fire extinguishing agent is added to water, The extinguishing agent is not particularly limited as long as it can function as a gelling agent, but the total weight of the fatty acid metal salt contained in the extinguishing agent is equal to or more than the total weight of the sequestering agent contained in the extinguishing agent. Preferably it is light. Specifically, when the total weight of the fatty acid metal salt is 1, the total weight of the sequestering agent is preferably 1 to 50, more preferably 1.1 to 40, and 1.2 to More preferably, it is 30.

  The gel-containing fire-extinguishing water formed by adding the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is preferably gelled at least 30% by weight, and at least 50% by weight gelled with respect to the total amount of the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water. More preferably, at least 70% by weight is gelled. Further, the entire amount of the gel-containing fire extinguishing water may be gelled.

Since rapid fire extinguishing activities are required at actual fire sites, it is desirable that gel-containing fire-extinguishing water be quickly formed after adding the fire-extinguishing agent of the present invention to water. The time required for the gelation is preferably short, and it is preferable that the gelation is performed within 10 minutes, preferably within 5 minutes, more preferably within 2 minutes after the addition of the fire extinguishing agent. The fatty acid metal salt and sequestering agent contained in the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, the digestion fire agent so that each give a concentration of 0.1 to 4% by weight and 1 to 10% by weight by adding water, 30 to 100% by weight of the gel-containing fire extinguishing water can gel within 10 minutes.

  The water to which the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is added may be fresh water such as tap water, river water, lake water, ground water, or seawater. In the case of using relatively high temperature fresh water of 30 to 40 ° C. in preparation of the gel-containing fire extinguishing water, a fire extinguisher containing potassium myristate as the fatty acid metal salt can be suitably used. Moreover, when using seawater in preparation of gel-containing fire extinguishing water, the fire extinguisher containing potassium laurate as said fatty acid metal salt can be used suitably.

  The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention acts as a gelling agent when added to water, and gels all or part of the water. Here, the extinguishing agent may be added all at once, or may be added little by little over time. The water containing the hydrogel thus formed can be used as fire-extinguishing water having a surface active action. The fire-extinguishing water is less diffused by the airflow after discharging than the gel-free surfactant-based fire-extinguishing water, and more appropriately than the water-absorbing polymer-based fire extinguishing water. The retained gel spreads moderately and can land on the fire site. Especially in forest fires, excessive diffusion due to updrafts caused by fires and air currents caused by flight of helicopters and aircraft is suppressed, and it is possible to land on the fire site while spreading appropriately. The ratio can be increased compared to conventional fire extinguishing water, and high fire extinguishing action is exhibited with a small amount of water discharge.

  The gel contained in the gel-containing fire extinguishing water prepared by adding the fire extinguisher of the present invention is scattered by the impact of landing and adheres to surrounding combustibles and combustibles to enhance the fire extinguishing action. Furthermore, since the gel contains a surfactant, it foams upon impact upon landing or adhesion, and the combustible material covers the combustible material with foam. It also has the effect of suppressing the spread of unburned material.

  The gel contained in the gel-containing fire extinguishing water prepared by adding the fire extinguisher of the present invention gradually releases the retained water after adhering to the combustibles and combustibles, and therefore has a sustained fire extinguishing action. Show. Further, since the released water has a surface active action, it has a high permeability to the combustibles and combustibles, and has a high cooling effect, and at the same time, has an effect of preventing re-ignition of the fire extinguishing part and an effect of suppressing the spread of unburned substances. Moreover, this osmosis | permeation effect | action is further accelerated | stimulated because a gel sol-forms with the heat of a fire.

[Fire extinguishing method of the present invention]
The fire extinguishing method of the present invention includes a step of preparing the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water by adding the above-described fire extinguishing agent to water, and a step of discharging the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water to the fire site.

  The gel-containing fire extinguishing water in the fire extinguishing method of the present invention is prepared by adding the above-described fire extinguishing agent to water. The extinguishing agent may be added all at once, or may be added little by little over time.

  The prepared gel-containing fire extinguishing water is discharged to the fire site. There is no particular limitation on the method for discharging the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water, and it is possible to use a method such as spraying from the sky, spraying from a fire-fighting vehicle, or spraying manually using a bucket, etc., helicopter, flying boat, airplane It is preferable to spray the fire site from above using an aircraft such as the above.

  Since the fire extinguishing water discharged by the fire extinguishing method of the present invention gels part or all of the water containing the surfactant, it is diffused by the air flow after the discharging compared to the surfactant-free fire extinguishing water containing no gel. And less than water-absorbing polymer fire extinguishing water. Therefore, according to the fire extinguishing method of the present invention, it is possible to land on a fire site in a state where a gel sufficiently holding water is appropriately diffused. Especially in forest fires, excessive diffusion due to updrafts caused by fires and air currents caused by flight of helicopters and aircraft is suppressed, and it is possible to land on the fire site while spreading appropriately. The ratio can be increased as compared with conventional fire extinguishing water, and efficient fire extinguishing work is possible with a small amount of water.

  In the fire extinguishing method of the present invention, since the fire extinguishing water contains a hydrogel containing a surfactant, the gel is scattered by impact of landing and adheres to surrounding combustibles and combustibles to enhance the fire extinguishing action. . In addition, the gel foams by impact upon landing and adhesion, and covers the burned material and combustible material with foam, so that it has a high suffocation-extinguishing effect and at the same time prevents the re-burning of the fire extinguishing part and the spread of unburned material. It also has an effect.

  In the fire extinguishing method of the present invention, the fire extinguishing water contains a hydrogel containing a surfactant, and the hydrogel gradually releases the retained water after adhering to the combustible or combustible material. Therefore, it shows a continuous fire extinguishing action. Further, since the released water has a surface active action, it has a high permeability to the combustibles and combustibles, and has a high cooling effect, and at the same time, has an effect of preventing re-ignition of the fire extinguishing part and an effect of suppressing the spread of unburned substances. Moreover, this osmosis | permeation effect | action is further accelerated | stimulated because a gel sol-forms with the heat of a fire.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated further in detail based on an Example, this invention is not limited to this.

Preparation Example 1 Amount of gel formed when tetrasodium glutamate diacetate and potassium laurate were used as gelling agents Prepared distilled water at 20 ° C. ± 0.2 ° C. in a beaker, and added L-glutamic acid diester as a metal sequestering agent. Tetrasodium acetate (GLDA, manufactured by Crest Co., Ltd.) and potassium laurate (LK, manufactured by NOF Co., Ltd.) as a fatty acid metal salt were added and stirred so as to have the concentrations shown in Table 1 below. A gel-containing fire-extinguishing water was prepared by placing a beaker in a thermostatic water bath and allowing it to stand for 10 minutes. The formed gel was collected with a net, the mass of the gel was measured, and the gel generation amount (% by weight) was calculated from the following equation.

Gel production amount (% by weight) = weight of gel (g) / weight of gel-containing fire extinguishing water (g) × 100

The results are shown in Table 1.

From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that no gel is formed even when GLDA is added at a concentration lower than 2% by weight. In addition, when GLDA is added at a ratio of 1% to 5% by weight (% by weight) with respect to LK1, a relatively hard gel is formed, and when GLDA is 5 to 10 with respect to LK1, or LK1. On the other hand, when GLDA is smaller than 1, a medium-hard gel is formed, and when GLDA is 10 or more with respect to LK1, a soft gel is formed.
FIG. 1 shows the relationship between water (GLDA) and LA concentration (% by weight) for forming a gel in a preferable amount as gel-containing fire extinguishing water. A preferred gel-containing fire extinguishing water is formed when each component is within the range enclosed as “gel” in FIG.

Preparation Example 2 Relationship between the combination of a metal sequestering agent and a fatty acid metal salt and the amount of gel formation In the method of Preparation Example 1, GLDA and LA were replaced with the metal sequestering agent and fatty acid metal salt shown in Table 2 below to examine the amount of gel formation. It was. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 shows that when ON is used as the fatty acid metal salt, the amount of gel produced is small. It was also found that when ON or LN was used as the fatty acid metal salt, a relatively large amount of a metal sequestering agent was required for gelation. Further, it can be seen that EDDS does not produce gel even when combined with ON or LN.
From the above results, it can be seen that better gel-containing fire extinguishing water can be obtained more economically by using LK, MK or PK as the fatty acid metal salt and using GLDA, ASDA, MGDA or HIDS as the metal sequestering agent. It was.

Preparation Example 3 When a plurality of sequestering agents are used or when a plurality of fatty acid metal salts are used In the method of Preparation Example 1, GLDA and LA are converted into sequestering agents and fatty acid metal salts shown in Table 3 below. The amount of gel produced was examined by replacing. The results are shown in Table 3.

  From the results in Table 3, it was found that the gel was formed even when a plurality of types of sequestering agents or a plurality of types of fatty acid metal salts were used. In the combination of GLDA and MK + PK, the amount of gel generated is greater than when combined with MK or PK alone (Table 2), so it is possible to increase the amount of gel generated by mixing multiple gels. all right.

Test Example 1 Permeability Evaluation of Surfactant Gel-Containing Fire Extinguishing Water According to the method of Preparation Example 1, a surfactant containing 2.46% by weight of GLDA as a sequestering agent and 0.60% by weight of LK as a fatty acid metal salt An agent-based gel-containing fire extinguishing water was prepared. 0.5 g of the surfactant-based gel-containing water adjusted to 25 ° C. ± 0.2 ° C. was gently placed on the wood so as to form a circle with a radius of 1 cm. The time required for the moisture contained in the gel to permeate into the wood and the shape of the permeated portion of the wood to spread into a circle with a radius of 2 cm (2 cm arrival time) was measured. As comparative examples, distilled water, a 0.5% (v / v) solution of a commercial foam extinguisher A which is an existing synthetic surfactant fire extinguisher, a commercially available polymer fire extinguisher which is an existing water-absorbing polymer fire extinguisher A similar test was performed on a 0.5% (w / w) solution of B.

The commercial polymer fire extinguisher B solution has a low penetrating power to wood as well as water, whereas the commercially available foam fire extinguisher A solution which is a fire extinguishing water containing a surfactant and the surfactant gel-containing fire extinguishing water are excellent. Showed osmotic power.
The penetrating power of the surfactant-based gel-containing fire extinguishing water is equivalent to that of the commercially available foam fire extinguisher A. By dissolving the surfactant-based gel-containing fire extinguishing water in a hot water bath, the penetrating power can be further enhanced. all right. This result shows that the surfactant gel-containing fire extinguishing water is excellent in permeability, which is one element for effectively preventing the spread of fire.

Test Example 2 Evaluation of Effective Fire Extinguishing Area of Surfactant Gel-Containing Fire Extinguishing Water (1) Preparation of Surfactant Gel Containing Fire Extinguishing Water The method of Preparation Example 1 was scaled up to 1.5% by weight of MK and 3 Surfactant gel-containing fire extinguishing water containing 0.0 wt% GLDA and 2.5 wt% surfactant gel containing fire extinguishing water containing 1.5 wt% LK and 3.0 wt% GLDA Prepared.

(2) Construction of the evaluation system The bottom of the water tank (spraying port on the bottom surface is 200 mm x 200 mm, automatic opening and closing of the bottom lid driven by the air cylinder) is installed at a position 3.4 m from the floor surface. 2.5 L was added. Seven fans are installed on the same plane perpendicular to the floor surface in the direction of the water tank so that the fire water sprayed from the water tank is continuously blown from a certain direction until it falls. did. Furthermore, in order to measure the effective fire-extinguishing area, 98 1000 mL disposable cups (upper surface φ125 mm, lower surface φ100 mm) were aligned in a range of 0.9 m × 1.8 m on the floor surface from directly below the water tank to the leeward side. It was.

(3) Evaluation method After setting the air volume of the fan so that the wind speed is 6.5 m / s, open the bottom cover of the water tank, spray the surfactant fire extinguishing water, and close the bottom cover after 15 seconds. It was. The weight of the fire-extinguishing water in each of the disposable cups installed on the floor was measured, and the effective fire-extinguishing area was evaluated from the spraying state of the fire-extinguishing water. The effective fire extinguishing area was calculated by the following method.

i) About 98 disposable cups, the weight of the surfactant fire extinguishing water contained in each was measured.
ii) Each weight measured in i) is divided by the top cross-sectional area (φ125 mm) of the disposable cup to calculate the weight (kg / m ² ) of fire extinguishing water dropped per unit area.
iii) Counting the number of disposable cups having a spray density exceeding 1.6 L / m ² , assuming 1 L (liter) of fire extinguishing water as 1 kg. (It is said that the spray density of fire water must be higher than 1.6L / m ^{2 for} effective fire fighting. ("SCEJ 2nd Three-Branch Joint Meeting (Kitakyushu, 2009) A117 "reference)
iv) A value obtained by multiplying the number counted in iii) by the cross-sectional area of the upper surface of the cup was defined as an effective fire extinguishing area (m ² ).

The larger the effective fire extinguishing area, the higher the fire extinguishing ability. For comparison, tap water, a 0.5% (v / v) solution of a commercial foam fire extinguisher A which is an existing synthetic surfactant fire extinguisher, instead of the surfactant gel-containing fire extinguishing water, an existing synthesis 0.5% (v / v) solution of commercial foam extinguisher C which is a surfactant fire extinguisher, 0.5% (w / w) of commercial polymer fire extinguisher B which is a commercially available water-absorbing polymer fire extinguisher ) A similar experiment was conducted when the solution was used.
(4) Evaluation results Table 5 shows the results.

  From the result of Table 5, it turns out that surfactant type gel-containing fire extinguishing water has an effective fire extinguishing area larger than tap water or existing fire fighting water, and is excellent as fire fighting water. In addition, in the commercially available foam fire extinguisher A solution and the commercially available foam fire extinguisher C solution, the effective fire extinguishing area is reduced because the spread of the sprayed fire water is intense. The effective fire-extinguishing area was reduced due to less water diffusion. That is, for efficient fire extinguishing, it is preferable that the spread fire extinguishing water diffuses and spreads appropriately, and the results in Table 5 show that the surfactant gel-containing fire extinguishing water containing a fatty acid metal salt and a metal sequestering material is It shows that fire can be extinguished efficiently by spreading moderately when sprayed.

Test Example 3 Evaluation of ability to prevent spread of fire extinguishing water containing surfactant-based gel (1) Preparation of fire model Using 51 cedar air-drying materials having a cross-sectional shape of 35 mm x 30 mm and a length of 330 mm (water content 10 to 15%) This was stacked on a grid to make a fire model.

(2) Evaluation method A water tank was installed so that the bottom surface was 3.4 m from the floor surface, and 1.0 L of a surfactant gel-containing fire extinguishing water prepared by the same method as in Test Example 2 was added. The fire model lightly fixed with a wire was placed directly under the water tank, the bottom cover of the water tank was opened, and fire extinguishing water was sprayed. After 15 seconds, the bottom cover of the water tank was closed.
The fire wire was unwound and paired with a fire model not bathed in fire extinguishing water, and the set of fire model set was installed on an oil pan with two pans as shown in FIG. Each pan of the oil pan is filled with water up to a height of 2 cm. Furthermore, 300 mL of n-heptane is placed on the pan (on the left side in Fig. 2) where the fire model that has not been exposed to fire water is placed. Is included. Three minutes after closing the bottom cover of the water tank, the n-heptane was lit with an igniter rod, and the time taken for one fire model set to burn was measured. The longer it takes to burn, the higher the fire spread prevention ability. For comparison, tap water, a 0.5% (v / v) solution of a commercial foam fire extinguisher A which is an existing synthetic surfactant fire extinguisher, and a commercially available water-absorbing polymer fire extinguisher instead of the gel-containing fire extinguishing water. The same experiment was also conducted using a 0.5% (w / w) solution of a commercially available polymer fire extinguisher B as an agent.

(3) Evaluation results Table 6 shows the results.

From the results in Table 6, it can be seen that the surfactant gel-containing fire extinguishing water has an excellent fire spread prevention ability compared to tap water and existing fire extinguishing water. In particular, in the fire model set including the fire model bathed in the surfactant gel-containing fire extinguishing water containing MK and GLDA, the fire model part that was not bathed in the fire water (corresponding to the left part in Fig. 2) It was shown that the surfactant gel-containing fire extinguishing water containing MK and GLDA is particularly excellent in the fire spread prevention effect.
In the fire model bathed in fire extinguishing water containing a surfactant-based gel, it was observed that the gel attached to the surface gradually solded with the heat of the fire and penetrated into the fire model, which was effective in preventing the spread of fire. .

  As is apparent from the above test results, the gel-containing fire extinguishing water prepared using the fire extinguisher of the present invention has the following excellent effects.

  First, when the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water prepared using the fire-extinguishing agent of the present invention is sprayed, the surfactant-based gel-containing fire-extinguishing water falls in a state of being appropriately dispersed in the form of hydrogel. That is, it is possible to supply the fire extinguishing water in an amount effective for suppressing the fire and preventing the spread of fire to the fire site and its surroundings without receiving and diffusing while appropriately receiving the influence of the rising air flow of the fire and the air flow caused by the flight. In Test Example 2, the gel-free fire-fighting water containing the surfactant alone diffuses excessively in the air before reaching the target, while the water alone or the water-absorbing polymer fire-fighting water has too little diffusion. It is shown that it falls limited to just under the spraying point. The gel-containing fire extinguishing water prepared using the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is effective in extinguishing and preventing the spread of fire from the center of the fire toward the direction of travel of the fire spreading zone, even in a limited number of occasions when the fire extinguishing water is dropped. Extensive supply of fire-fighting water. Therefore, it is particularly suitable as fire extinguishing water for forest fires.

  Secondly, in the stage where the gel-containing fire extinguishing water prepared using the fire extinguisher of the present invention is sprayed and reaches the combustibles such as trees, since it is a gel containing a surfactant, the combustibles and combustible In addition to being easily attached to things, it is easy to become familiar with, and the fire fighting water can contribute to extinction. In the case of a surfactant-free gel-free fire-extinguishing water, it becomes difficult to supply an effective amount of fire-extinguishing water to the fire site because it becomes bubbles in the air and diffuses excessively before reaching the combustion product. . On the other hand, with fire-extinguishing water alone, the fire-extinguishing water that has come into contact with the combustible or combustible material immediately flows down due to the surface tension of the water, and the proportion of the fire-extinguishing water that adheres to and permeates the combustible or combustible material is extremely small. In addition, since the water-absorbing polymer fire extinguishing water is a resin particle that has absorbed water, the ratio of the fire extinguishing water that rolls off from the combustibles and combustibles is large as in the case of fire extinguishing water alone.

  Thirdly, in the gel-containing fire extinguishing water prepared using the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, the moisture contained in the gel attached to the combustion product and the combustible material has surface activity, so it is strong against the combustion product and the combustible material. At the same time as it shows an osmotic action, a part of the foam is foamed by the impact during the adhesion, and the burned or combustible material is covered with foam. As in Test Example 1, the permeability to wood is far superior to fire-fighting water with water alone or water-absorbing polymer-based fire extinguishing water, and the penetration effect is further promoted by the gelation of sol by the heat received from the fire. Is done. As a result, for example, in a forest fire, when it is desired to form a fire spread prevention zone by spreading fire extinguishing water in the direction of fire spread, the fire extinguishing water in an amount effective for preventing fire spread is firmly attached to the combustible at the beginning of spraying. Then, as the fire spread line approaches, it is possible to continuously supply moisture having excellent osmotic action to the combusted object.

  As described above, the fire extinguisher of the present invention has an excellent effect compared to existing fire extinguishing agents.

1a Fire model not bathed in fire water 1b Fire model bathed in fire water 2 Oil pan

Claims (8)

An extinguishing agent for gel-containing extinguishing water, comprising at least one fatty acid metal salt component having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one sequestering component ,
The gel-containing fire-fighting water has a concentration of 0.1 to 4% by weight and 1 to 10% by weight of the at least one fatty acid metal salt component having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and the at least one metal sequestering agent component, respectively. A fire extinguisher containing 30 to 100% by weight of the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water . Wherein are those gels containing gel contained in extinguishing water from adhering and / or foam impinge upon combustion thereof and / or combustible materials, and is to a sol by fire heat, according to claim 1 Extinguishing media. The at least one fatty acid metal salt component having 10 to 18 carbon atoms is an alkali metal salt of lauric acid, an alkali metal salt of myristic acid, an alkali metal salt of palmitic acid, an alkali metal salt of stearic acid, or an alkali metal of oleic acid The fire extinguisher of Claim 1 or 2 which is 1 type, or 2 or more types of fatty acid metal salt chosen from the group which consists of salt. The at least one sequestering agent component comprises glutamic acid diacetic acid tetrametallic salt, aspartic acid diacetic acid tetrametallic salt, methylglycine diacetic acid trimetallic salt, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid trimetallic salt, and hydroxyiminodisuccinic acid tetrametallic salt. The fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , which is one or more sequestering agents selected from the group consisting of: Gelation of 30 to 100% by weight of the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water occurs within 10 minutes after adding at least one C10-18 fatty acid metal salt and at least one sequestering agent to water, The extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . The fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the gel-containing fire extinguishing water is a biodegradable forest fire extinguishing water. A step of preparing a gel-containing fire-extinguishing water by adding the fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , and a step of discharging the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water to a fire site,
Including fire extinguishing methods. The discharged gel-containing fire-extinguishing water is prevented from spreading outside the fire site and the fire spread prevention zone, and the gel contained in the gel-containing fire-extinguishing water collides with the combustibles and / or combustibles and adheres and / or foams. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 7 , wherein the sol is formed by heat of fire.