JP5426572B2 - Throw-away cutting rotary tool - Google Patents

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a throw-away cutting rotary tool, and more particularly, to a throw-away cutting rotary tool for cutting a blade root of a turbine blade attached to the outer periphery of a rotor.

  Conventionally, when producing turbine blades for a generator, in order to mount the blade roots of the turbine blades in a Christmas tree-like groove formed on the outer periphery of the rotor, it is necessary to match the contour to the groove shape. The blade root is generally processed symmetrically with respect to its own longitudinal direction and gradually narrowing while increasing or decreasing the root width toward the tip side in an inverted Christmas tree shape. Narrow width portions and wide width portions having a wide root width are alternately formed.

In order to machine the side of such a blade root in one pass, for example, it is equipped with a tool body formed in the shape of an inverted Christmas tree, and the cutting tips are fixedly installed on a plurality of cutting tip seats formed on the tool body. A so-called “throw away” type cutting tool is known (for example, see Patent Document 1). Since this type of cutting tool can replace only the cutting tip without changing the tool body, the amount of discarded tools is reduced and it is economical.
JP 2000-254812 A

  However, in the cutting tool described in Patent Document 1, since a complex blade root is roughly cut with one tool, the load applied to the tool is large, and in particular, the portion constricted radially inward is weaker than other parts. . Therefore, there has been a problem that vibration and chatter noise (abnormal noise) occur during processing. Furthermore, if machining is continued in such an unstable state, there is a risk of breakage centering on the constricted part, so machining must be performed while suppressing the cutting feed of the tool, and efficient machining can be achieved. There wasn't. Moreover, since it is necessary to match the shape of the cutting tip with the contour shape of the blade root, a commercially available general rectangular cutting tip cannot be used. Therefore, there is a problem that the cost for manufacturing the cutting tip is high.

  The present disclosure has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a throw-away cutting rotary tool that can efficiently and stably process a blade root of a turbine blade.

The present disclosure relates to a blade root of a turbine blade mounted on the outer periphery of a rotor, which is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the blade root and gradually increases and decreases in root width toward the tip side in a reverse Christmas tree shape. The throw-away cutting rotation for performing the intermediate finishing of the blade root having the narrow portion with the root width narrowed and the wide portion with the wide root width alternately. A tool that rotates about an axis and is formed to have a stepped small diameter toward the tip in the axial direction, and has a plurality of steps corresponding to the number of the narrow portions formed on the blade root. Than the tool tip body, the first tip seat consisting of at least an even number of recesses in the outer periphery and circumferential direction of the step portion on the tip end side in the axial direction of the tool body, and the step portion on the tip end side of the tool body. It is formed in the outer periphery and circumferential direction of the step portion arranged on the rear end side. A second chip seat having at least an even number that is recessed in a staggered manner with respect to the axial direction, and the first chip seat is connected to both ends of a pair of straight sides parallel to each other by an arc. The first chip and the second chip formed in a disk shape are alternately fitted and fixed in the circumferential direction of the tool body, and the second chip seat has a third chip formed in a rectangular shape. And the fourth tip formed in a rectangular shape with their one corner protruding outward in the radial direction of the tool main body, and alternately fitted in the circumferential direction of the tool main body to be fixed , as an arc portion of the serial first chip, and one side connected to one end of the arcuate portion by an arcuate portion of the second chip, the narrow portion formed on the most rear end side of the blade root forming an arcuate cutting path for cutting, the third chip one Corners, and the two sides continuous with the corner portion of the one, by the one side connected to the one corner portion of the fourth chip, the other than the narrow portion formed on the most rear end side of the blade root A V-shaped cutting path for cutting a narrow portion is formed, and the first tip, the second tip, the third tip, and the fourth tip have a right blade in each of the plurality of step portions. The groove formed between the first chip seats and between the second chip seats is a left-handed twist, and the first chip, the second chip, the third chip, and the fourth chip. throw-away the rake angle in the axial direction that put on the tool body of the chip, toward the rear end side from the tip end side in the axial direction of the tool body, characterized in that it gradually increases in each of the stepped portions Type cutting rotary tool can be provided.

1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a blade root 1. FIG. It is a flow of a blade root cutting process. It is a figure which shows the content of the rough removal process. It is the elements on larger scale of the blade root 1 which finished the rough cutting process. It is a perspective view of the rough cutting cutter 20. It is a perspective view of the rough cutting cutter 20. It is the figure seen from the axial direction front end side of the rough cutting cutter 20. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a square chip 51 and a rectangular chip 52 in the axial direction of the rough cutting cutter 20. It is the figure which showed the relationship between each movement locus | trajectory of the square chip | tip 51 and the square chip | tip 51 in each step part 25-29, and the rough shape 2 formed in the blade root 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the content of the intermediate finishing process. It is the elements on larger scale of the blade root 1 which finished the finishing process. It is a perspective view of the cutter 70 for intermediate finishing. It is a perspective view of the cutter 70 for intermediate finishing. It is the figure seen from the axial direction front end side of the cutter 70 for intermediate finishing. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between a rectangular chip 91, a square chip 92, a seed chip 95, and a circular chip 96 in the axial direction of the intermediate finishing cutter 70. It is a side view of the cutter 70 for intermediate finishing. It is a side view of the cutter 70 for intermediate finishing. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the movement trajectories of the rectangular tip 91, the square tip 92, the seed tip 95, and the circular tip 96 in each stepped portion 75 to 79 and the intermediate finish shape 3 formed on the blade root 1; It is a figure which shows the content of a finishing process. 6 is a graph showing the results of Evaluation Test 1. 6 is a graph showing the results of evaluation test 2.

  Hereinafter, an intermediate finishing cutter 70 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. The blade root 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a base for mounting a turbine blade (not shown) in a groove formed on the outer periphery of a rotor (not shown) used as a generator. The intermediate finishing cutter 70 shown in FIG. 12 is a throw-away cutting rotary tool used in the second intermediate finishing step (see FIG. 2: S11) performed in the step of cutting the blade root 1. is there.

  First, the shape of the blade root 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the blade root 1, which is the base of the turbine blade, is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the turbine blade and gradually narrows while increasing or decreasing the root width toward the tip side in a reverse Christmas tree shape. It is formed as follows. A first wide portion 11, a second wide portion 12, a third wide portion 13, and a fourth wide portion 14 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the blade root 1 from the front end side toward the rear end side with a space therebetween. And their root width is gradually getting wider.

  Further, a first narrow portion 15 is formed between the first wide portion 11 and the second wide portion 12, and a second narrow portion 16 is formed between the second wide portion 12 and the third wide portion 13. A third narrow portion 17 is formed between the third wide portion 13 and the fourth wide portion 14. A fourth narrow portion 18 is formed behind the fourth wide portion 14. The root width of the second narrow portion 16 is wider than the root width of the first narrow portion 15. The root width of the third narrow portion 17 is wider than the root width of the second narrow portion 16. The root width of the fourth narrow portion 18 is wider than the root width of the third narrow portion 17.

  Next, the cutting process of the blade root 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the blade root cutting process includes a roughing process (S10), an intermediate finishing process (S11), and a finishing process (S12). Hereinafter, the contents of these three steps will be described in detail in order.

  First, the rough cutting process (S10) will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, when a planned blade root shape 10 (two-dot chain line) finally formed on the blade root 1 is assumed, first, the rough root cutter 20 is used to form the blade root 1. The rough shape 2 is cut. The outline of the rough cutting shape 2 is cut in a step shape so that the diameter gradually decreases in the longitudinal direction of the planned blade root shape 10. By cutting the rough-cut shape 2, as shown in FIG. 4, the first wide portion 11, the second wide portion 12, the third wide portion 13, and the fourth wide portion 14 of the planned blade root shape 10 are predetermined. It is cut so as to leave a cutting allowance of 65 mm.

  In other words, the first narrow portion 15, the second narrow portion 16, the third narrow portion 17, and the fourth wide portion 18 having a narrow root width are cut in the next intermediate finishing process, and the first root having a wide root width is obtained. The wide part 11, the second wide part 12, the third wide part 13, and the fourth wide part 14 are cut first in the first roughing process. Therefore, when cutting with the intermediate finishing cutter 70 described later, the first wide portion 11, the second wide portion 12, the third wide portion 13, and the fourth wide portion 14 are already cut. Therefore, in the confining cutter 70 (see FIG. 12), the constricted portions corresponding to the first wide portion 11, the second wide portion 12, the third wide portion 13, and the fourth wide portion 14 are arranged on the outer periphery of the blade root 1. The surfaces do not touch. Although the constricted portion is weaker than other portions, the blade root 1 is not in contact with that portion, so that the load on the intermediate finishing cutter 70 can be reduced.

  Next, the structure of the rough cutting cutter 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the rough cutting cutter 20 is a “throw away type” cutting rotary tool capable of detachably fixing a chip having a cutting edge. The rough cutting cutter 20 is provided with a tool main body 23 whose diameter is reduced stepwise toward the tip end side in the axial direction. A substantially cylindrical pedestal portion 22 is provided on the same axis line at the rear end portion in the axial direction of the tool body 23 so as to come into contact with the tip end of the main shaft of a machine tool (not shown). A taper portion 21 for mounting in a tool mounting hole (not shown) provided in the main shaft is provided on the same axial line at the rear end portion in the axial direction of the pedestal portion 22. The rough cutting cutter 20 is a right-handed, left-twisted cutting rotary tool.

  Next, the shape of the tool body 23 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the tool main body 23 has a stepped outline substantially corresponding to the rough shape 2 to be formed (see the right side of FIG. 3). The tool body 23 includes, in order from the pedestal 22 side toward the tip end side in the axial direction, a first step portion 25 in which the shape viewed from the tip end side in the axial direction is formed in a substantially cross shape, and the axis of the first step portion 25 A second step portion 26 that is provided on the same axial line at the front end in the direction, is smaller than the first step portion 25 and has the same shape, and is provided on the same axial line at the front end side in the axial direction of the second step portion 26. A third step portion 27 which is smaller than the second step portion 26 and formed in the same shape, and is provided on the same axial line at the tip end side in the axial direction of the third step portion 27, and is more than the third step portion 27. A fourth step portion 28 that is small and has the same shape, and a fourth step portion 28 that is provided on the same axial line at the tip end in the axial direction of the fourth step portion 28 and that is smaller than the fourth step portion 28 and has the same shape. It consists of five steps 29.

  When such a tool body 23 is viewed from the front end side in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. 7, the fifth step portion 29, the fourth step portion 28, the third step portion 27, the second step portion 26, the first step portion Each position of the step portion 25 is twisted leftward (counterclockwise) in the direction from the front end side to the rear end side. Further, four stepped grooves 37 are formed in the axial direction of the tool body 23. These stepped grooves 37 are twisted leftward (counterclockwise) when viewed from the front end side in the axial direction.

  Next, each structure of the 1st-5th step parts 25-29 which comprise the tool main body 23 is demonstrated in order with reference to FIG. 5 thru | or FIG. Here, the fifth step portion 29 on the tip side in the axial direction of the tool body 23 will be described first, and the fourth step portion 28, the third step portion 27, the second step portion 26, and the first step portion 25 will be described. This will be explained in order.

  First, the structure of the fifth step portion 29 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the fifth step portion 29 is a prism having a substantially cruciform shape as viewed from the front end side in the axial direction. The fifth step portion 29 is provided with a first projecting portion 31, a second projecting portion 32, a third projecting portion 33, and a fourth projecting portion 34 that project outward in four directions in a substantially cross shape. . Between the 1st protrusion part 31 and the 2nd protrusion part 32, between the 2nd protrusion part 32 and the 3rd protrusion part 33, between the 3rd protrusion part 33 and the 4th protrusion part 34, and the 4th protrusion part 34 Between the first protrusion 31 and the first protrusion 31, a groove having an L-shape as viewed from the front end in the axial direction is formed, and a part of each stepped groove 37 is formed.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a cutting tip seat 44 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the rear end side of the inner surface of the first projecting portion 31 facing the stepped groove 37. On the front end side of the inner surface of the second protrusion 32 facing the stepped groove 37, a cutting tip seat 49 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed. A cutting tip seat (not shown) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed in the rear end side of the inner surface of the third projecting portion 33 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat 49 (see FIG. 6) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the front end side of the inner surface of the fourth protrusion 34 facing the stepped groove 37. That is, the cutting tip seats 44 and 49 are arranged in a staggered manner.

  A rectangular chip 52 is fitted into the cutting chip seat 44 provided in the first projecting portion 31 and is fixed with a bolt 60. A rectangular tip 52 is also fitted into the cutting tip seat 49 provided in the second protrusion 32, and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). A rectangular tip 52 (see FIG. 7) is also fitted into a cutting tip seat (not shown) recessed in the third protrusion 33, and is fixed with a bolt (not shown). A rectangular tip 52 is also fitted into the cutting tip seat 49 provided in the fourth projecting portion 34 and is fixed with a bolt 60. At this time, one of the two long sides parallel to the axial direction of the tool body 23 of the rectangular chip 52 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the planned blade root shape 10 (see FIG. 4). Are arranged as follows.

  Next, the structure of the fourth step portion 28 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the fourth step portion 28 is also a prism having a substantially cruciform shape as seen from the axial front end side, like the fifth step portion 29. The fourth step portion 28 also includes a first protrusion 31, a second protrusion 32, a third protrusion 33, and a fourth protrusion 34. Between the 1st protrusion part 31 and the 2nd protrusion part 32, between the 2nd protrusion part 32 and the 3rd protrusion part 33, between the 3rd protrusion part 33 and the 4th protrusion part 34, and the 4th protrusion part 34 Between the first protrusion 31 and the first protrusion 31, a groove having an L-shape as viewed from the front end in the axial direction is formed, and a part of each stepped groove 37 is formed.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a cutting tip seat 43 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the rear end side of the inner surface of the first protrusion 31 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat 48 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed in the front end side of the inner surface of the second projecting portion 32 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat (not shown) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed in the rear end side of the inner surface of the third projecting portion 33 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat 48 (see FIG. 6) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the front end side of the inner surface of the fourth protrusion 34 that faces the stepped groove 37. That is, the cutting tip seats 43 and 48 are arranged in a staggered manner.

  And the square chip | tip 51 is engage | inserted by the cutting chip seat 43 recessedly provided in the 1st protrusion part 31, and it is fixed with the volt | bolt 60 (refer FIG. 5). A rectangular tip 52 is fitted into the cutting tip seat 48 provided in the second projecting portion 32 so as to be fixed by a bolt (not shown). A square tip 51 (see FIG. 7) is fitted into a cutting tip seat (not shown) recessed in the third protrusion 33, and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). A rectangular tip 52 is fitted into a cutting tip seat 48 that is recessed in the fourth protrusion 34, and is fixed by a bolt 60. At this time, the outer side of the two sides parallel to the axial direction of the tool body 23 of the square tip 51 and the two long sides of the rectangular tip 52 parallel to the axial direction of the tool body 23 Of these, the outer side is arranged so as to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the planned blade root shape 10 (see FIG. 4).

  Next, the structure of the third step portion 27 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the third step portion 27 is also a prism having a substantially cruciform shape as seen from the axial front end side, like the fifth step portion 29. The third step portion 27 also includes a first protrusion 31, a second protrusion 32, a third protrusion 33, and a fourth protrusion 34. Between the 1st protrusion part 31 and the 2nd protrusion part 32, between the 2nd protrusion part 32 and the 3rd protrusion part 33, between the 3rd protrusion part 33 and the 4th protrusion part 34, and the 4th protrusion part 34 Between the first protrusion 31 and the first protrusion 31, a groove having an L-shape as viewed from the front end in the axial direction is formed, and a part of each stepped groove 37 is formed.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a rectangular cutting tip seat 42 is recessed on the rear end side of the inner surface of the first projecting portion 31 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat 47 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed in the front end side of the inner surface of the second projecting portion 32 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat (not shown) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed in the rear end side of the inner surface of the third projecting portion 33 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat 47 (see FIG. 6) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the front end side of the inner surface of the fourth protrusion 34 facing the stepped groove 37. That is, the cutting tip seats 42 and 47 are arranged in a staggered manner.

  And the square chip | tip 51 is engage | inserted by the cutting chip seat 42 recessedly provided in the 1st protrusion part 31, and it is fixed with the volt | bolt 60 (refer FIG. 5). A rectangular tip 52 is fitted into the cutting tip seat 47 provided in the second projecting portion 32 so as to be fixed by a bolt (not shown). A square tip 51 (see FIG. 7) is fitted into a cutting tip seat (not shown) recessed in the third protrusion 33, and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). A rectangular tip 52 is fitted into a cutting tip seat 48 that is recessed in the fourth protrusion 34, and is fixed by a bolt 60. At this time, the outer side of the two sides parallel to the axial direction of the tool body 23 of the square tip 51 and the two long sides of the rectangular tip 52 parallel to the axial direction of the tool body 23 Of these, the outer side is arranged so as to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the planned blade root shape 10 (see FIG. 4).

  Next, the structure of the second step portion 26 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the second step portion 26 is also a prism having a substantially cross shape when viewed from the front end side in the axial direction, like the fifth step portion 29. The second step portion 26 also includes a first protrusion 31, a second protrusion 32, a third protrusion 33, and a fourth protrusion 34. Between the 1st protrusion part 31 and the 2nd protrusion part 32, between the 2nd protrusion part 32 and the 3rd protrusion part 33, between the 3rd protrusion part 33 and the 4th protrusion part 34, and the 4th protrusion part 34 Between the first protrusion 31 and the first protrusion 31, a groove having an L-shape as viewed from the front end in the axial direction is formed, and a part of each stepped groove 37 is formed.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a rectangular cutting tip seat 41 is formed on the rear end side of the inner surface of the first projecting portion 31 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat 46 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed in the front end side of the inner surface of the second projecting portion 32 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat (not shown) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed in the rear end side of the inner surface of the third projecting portion 33 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat 46 (see FIG. 6) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the front end side of the inner surface of the fourth protrusion 34 facing the stepped groove 37. That is, the cutting tip seats 41 and 46 are arranged in a staggered manner.

  And the square chip | tip 51 is engage | inserted by the cutting chip seat 41 recessedly provided in the 1st protrusion part 31, and it is fixed with the volt | bolt 60 (refer FIG. 5). A rectangular chip 52 is fitted into the cutting chip seat 46 provided in the second projecting portion 32 and is fixed by a bolt 60 (not shown). A square tip 51 (see FIG. 7) is fitted into a cutting tip seat (not shown) recessed in the third protrusion 33, and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). A rectangular chip 52 is fitted in the cutting chip seat 46 provided in the fourth projecting portion 34 and is fixed by a bolt 60. At this time, the outer side of the two sides parallel to the axial direction of the tool body 23 of the square tip 51 and the two long sides of the rectangular tip 52 parallel to the axial direction of the tool body 23 Of these, the outer side is arranged so as to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the planned blade root shape 10 (see FIG. 4).

  Next, the structure of the first step portion 25 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the first step portion 25 is also a prism having a substantially cruciform shape as viewed from the front end side in the axial direction, similarly to the fifth step portion 29. The first step portion 25 also includes a first protrusion 31, a second protrusion 32, a third protrusion 33, and a fourth protrusion 34. Between the 1st protrusion part 31 and the 2nd protrusion part 32, between the 2nd protrusion part 32 and the 3rd protrusion part 33, between the 3rd protrusion part 33 and the 4th protrusion part 34, and the 4th protrusion part 34 Between the first protrusion 31 and the first protrusion 31, a groove having an L-shape as viewed from the front end in the axial direction is formed, and a part of each stepped groove 37 is formed.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a cutting tip seat 45 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the front end side of the inner surface of the second protrusion 32 facing the stepped groove 37. A cutting tip seat 45 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed in the front end side of the inner surface of the fourth projecting portion 34 facing the stepped groove 37. That is, the cutting tip seats 45 are disposed at the same position in the axial direction.

  And the rectangular chip | tip 52 is engage | inserted by the cutting chip seat 45 recessedly provided in the 2nd protrusion part 32, and it is fixing with the volt | bolt (not shown). A rectangular tip 52 is also fitted into the cutting tip seat 45 provided in the fourth projecting portion 34 and is fixed with a bolt 60 (see FIG. 6). At this time, one of the two sides of the rectangular tip 52 parallel to the axial direction of the tool body 23 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the planned blade root shape 10 (see FIG. 4). Be placed.

  Next, the mutual positional relationship between the square chip 51 and the rectangular chip 52 in the axial direction of the rough cutting cutter 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 8, first, in the first step portion 25, the rectangular chip 52 fixed to the second protrusion 32 and the rectangular chip 52 fixed to the fourth protrusion 34 are aligned with each other in the axial direction. Placed on top.

  Further, in the second step portion 26 to the fourth step portion 28, the square chip 51 fixed to the first protrusion 31 and the third protrusion 33, respectively, and the second protrusion 32 and the fourth protrusion 34, respectively. The rectangular chips 52 thus arranged are arranged in a staggered manner in the axial direction. Further, in the fifth step portion 29, the rectangular chip 52 fixed to the first protrusion 31 and the third protrusion 33, and the rectangular chip 52 fixed to the second protrusion 32 and the fourth protrusion 34, respectively. These are arranged in a staggered manner in the axial direction.

  Next, a rough cutting shape 2 cutting method based on the rotation locus of the square chip 51 and the rotation locus of the rectangular chip 52 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 shows the rotation trajectories of the chips 51 and 52 when the tool body 23 is viewed in a cross section along the axial direction. Here, the description will be made assuming that the rear end side in the axial direction of the tool body 23 is “upper side” and the front end side in the axial direction is “lower side”. As shown in FIG. 9, first, in the first step portion 25, the tip of the planned blade root shape 10 is cut into a flat shape by one side on the lower side in the horizontal direction of the rotation locus of the rectangular chip 52.

  Further, in the second step portion 26, one side in the vertical direction outside the rotation locus of the upper square chip 51 and one side in the vertical direction outside the rotation locus of the lower rectangular chip 52 are arranged on the same line. A linear cutting path parallel to the axial direction is formed. By this cutting path, a portion corresponding to the first wide portion 11 of the planned blade root shape 10 is cut. At this time, the first wide portion 11 is cut parallel to the axial direction, leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65.

  Further, also in the third step portion 27, one side in the vertical direction outside the rotation locus of the upper square chip 51 and one side in the vertical direction outside the rotation locus of the lower rectangular chip 52 are arranged on the same line. A linear cutting path parallel to the axial direction is formed. A portion corresponding to the second wide portion 12 of the planned blade root shape 10 is cut by this cutting path. At this time, the second wide portion 12 is cut parallel to the axial direction, leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65.

  Also in the fourth step portion 28, the vertical side outside the rotation locus of the upper square chip 51 and the vertical side outside the rotation locus of the lower rectangular chip 52 are arranged on the same line. A linear cutting path parallel to the axial direction is formed. By this cutting path, a portion corresponding to the third wide portion 13 of the planned blade root shape 10 is cut. At this time, the third wide portion 13 is cut parallel to the axial direction, leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65.

  Further, in the fifth step portion 29, the one vertical side outside the rotation locus of the upper rectangular chip 52 and the one vertical side outside the rotation locus of the lower rectangular chip 52 are arranged on the same line, A linear cutting path parallel to the axial direction is formed. By this cutting path, a portion corresponding to the fourth wide portion 14 of the planned blade root shape 10 and a portion corresponding to the fourth narrow portion 18 are cut. At this time, the fourth wide portion 14 is cut parallel to the axial direction, leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65.

  And the lower end part of the vertical cutting path formed by the respective chips 51, 52 of the second step part 26 and the upper end part of the vertical cutting path formed by the respective chips 51, 52 of the third step part 27 Is cut by the lower side of the rotation locus of the rectangular chip 52 fixed to the second step portion 26. Further, the lower end portion of the vertical cutting path formed by the chips 51 and 52 of the third step portion 27 and the upper end portion of the vertical cutting path formed by the tips 51 and 52 of the fourth step portion 28. Is cut by the lower side of the rotation locus of the rectangular chip 52 fixed to the third step portion 27. Furthermore, the lower end part of the vertical cutting path formed by the respective chips 51 and 52 of the fourth step part 28 and the upper end part of the vertical cutting path formed by the respective chips 51 and 52 of the fifth step part 29 Is cut by the lower side of the rotation locus of the rectangular chip 52 fixed to the fourth step portion 28.

  In this way, in the rough cutting step (S10), as shown in FIG. 4, the rough cutting that is cut stepwise to leave the cutting allowance 65 in the first to fourth wide portions 11 to 14 of the planned blade root shape 10. Shape 2 is formed.

  As described above, in the rough cutting cutter 20, the square chips 51 and the rectangular chips 52 are arranged in a staggered manner in the axial direction in the second to fourth step portions 26 to 28. In contrast to a single blade formed on each step portion of a conventional high-speed rough cutting cutter, the rough cutting cutter 20 forms a single blade with a pair of square chips 51 and rectangular chips 52. That is, in the 2nd-4th step parts 26-28, since four chips | tips are arrange | positioned at zigzag form, it forms 2 blades. In the conventional high-speed rough cutting cutter, it is necessary to provide a large number of blades (for example, six blades) in order to cut the rough cutting shape 2 which is a complicated shape.

  Therefore, by arranging the pair of square tips 51 and the rectangular tips 52 in a staggered manner like the rough cutting cutter 20, the frequency of contact with the outer peripheral surface of the blade root 1 can be effectively reduced. Thereby, since the load received from the blade root 1 can be reduced, the cutting speed by the rough cutting cutter 20 can be increased, so that the cutting feed can be accelerated. Therefore, the work in the roughing process can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, since the square tip 51 and the rectangular tip 52 used in the rough cutting cutter 20 have a simple shape, a commercially available conventional throw-away tip can be used. That is, since it is not necessary to manufacture a chip having a new shape in order to use the rough cutting cutter 20, it is possible to provide the rough cutting cutter 20 which is inexpensive and easy to use.

  Next, the intermediate finishing step (S11) will be described. With respect to the rough-cut shape 2 cut into the blade root 1 in the rough finishing step shown in FIG. 3, as shown in FIG. 10, the intermediate finish shape 3 is cut into the blade root 1 using the intermediate finishing cutter 70. . The contour of the intermediate finish shape 3 is cut in a state where a predetermined cutting allowance 65 (see FIG. 11) is left for the planned blade root shape 10. That is, by cutting the intermediate finish shape 3, as shown in FIG. 11, the first wide portion 11, the second wide portion 12, and the third wide portion 10 of the planned blade root shape 10 previously cut leaving the cutting allowance 65 are obtained. In addition to the wide width portion 13 and the fourth wide width portion 14, the portions that become the first narrow width portion 15, the second narrow width portion 16, the third narrow width portion 17, and the fourth narrow width portion 18 are also predetermined. The remaining cutting allowance 65 is cut.

  Next, the structure of the intermediate finishing cutter 70 will be described. As shown in FIG. 12, the intermediate finishing cutter 70 is a “throw away type” cutting rotary tool capable of detachably fixing a chip having a cutting edge. The intermediate finishing cutter 70 is provided with a tool main body 73 whose diameter decreases stepwise toward the tip end side in the axial direction. A substantially cylindrical pedestal portion 72 is provided on the same axis line at the rear end portion in the axial direction of the tool body 73 so as to come into contact with the tip end of the spindle of the machine tool (not shown). A taper portion 71 for mounting in a tool mounting hole (not shown) provided in the main shaft is provided on the same axis line at the rear end portion in the axial direction of the pedestal portion 72.

  Next, the shape of the tool body 73 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the tool body 73 has a contour substantially corresponding to the semifinished shape 3 (see FIG. 10) to be formed. The tool main body 73 is provided on the pedestal portion 72 side, and the first step portion 75 formed in a substantially cross shape when viewed from the front end side in the axial direction and the same axis on the front end side in the axial direction of the first step portion 75 A second step portion 76 formed on the line and formed in the same shape as the first step portion 75, and provided on the same axis line at the tip end side in the axial direction of the second step portion 76, more than the second step portion 76. A third step portion 77 that is small and has the same shape, and a third step portion 77 that is provided on the same axis on the tip end side in the axial direction of the third step portion 77 and that is smaller than the third step portion 77 and has the same shape. The fourth step 78 includes a fourth step 78 and a fifth step 79 which is provided on the same axial line at the tip end side in the axial direction of the fourth step 78 and is smaller than the fourth step 78 and formed in the same shape. Yes.

  When such a tool body 73 is viewed from the front end side in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. 14, a fifth step portion 79, a fourth step portion 78, a third step portion 77, a second step portion 76, a first step portion, Each position of the stepped portion 75 is twisted leftward (counterclockwise) in the direction from the front end side to the rear end side. Four stepped grooves 57 are formed in the axial direction of the tool body 73, and these stepped grooves 57 are twisted in the left direction (counterclockwise) when viewed from the front end side in the axial direction. Yes.

  Next, each structure of the 1st-5th step parts 75-79 which comprise the tool main body 73 is demonstrated with reference to FIG. 12 thru | or FIG. Here, the 5th step part 79 which exists in the axial direction front end side of the tool main body 73 is demonstrated first, and the 4th step part 78, the 3rd step part 77, the 2nd step part 76, and the 1st step part 75 are demonstrated in order. To do.

  First, the structure of the fifth step portion 79 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 12 to 14, the fifth step portion 79 is a prism having a substantially cruciform shape when viewed from the axial front end side. The fifth step portion 79 is provided with a first projecting portion 81, a second projecting portion 82, a third projecting portion 83, and a fourth projecting portion 84 that project outward in four directions in a substantially cross shape. . Between the 1st protrusion part 81 and the 2nd protrusion part 82, between the 2nd protrusion part 82 and the 3rd protrusion part 83, between the 3rd protrusion part 83 and the 4th protrusion part 84, the 4th protrusion part 84 Between the first protrusion 81 and the first protrusion 81, a groove having an L-shape as viewed from the front end in the axial direction is formed, and a part of each stepped groove 57 is formed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 12, a cutting tip seat 104 formed in a substantially elliptical shape is recessed on the inner surface of the first projecting portion 81 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat 89 formed in a circular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the second projecting portion 82 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat (not shown) formed in a substantially elliptical shape is recessed on the inner surface of the third protrusion 83 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat 89 (see FIG. 13) formed in a circular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the fourth projecting portion 84 facing the stepped groove 57.

  A cutting tip seat 104 recessed in the first projecting portion 81 is fitted with a seed tip 95 having a shape in which both ends of a pair of straight sides parallel to each other are connected by an arc. It is fixed with. A disc-shaped circular tip 96 is fitted into the cutting tip seat 89 provided in the second projecting portion 82 and is fixed by a bolt 97 (see FIG. 13). The seed tip 95 is also fitted into the cutting tip seat 104 provided in the third protrusion 83 so as to be fixed by a bolt (not shown). A circular tip 96 is also fitted into the cutting tip seat 89 provided in the fourth projecting portion 84 and is fixed with a bolt (not shown). At this time, in the seed-shaped tip 95, one arc portion of the two arc portions is directed outward in the radial direction of the tool main body 73, and the longitudinal direction thereof obliquely intersects with the axial direction of the tool main body 73. Arranged in this way. Further, the circular tip 96 is arranged such that a part of the outer periphery thereof is directed outward in the radial direction of the tool main body 73.

  Next, the structure of the fourth step 78 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 12 to 14, the fourth step 78 is a prism having a substantially cross shape when viewed from the front end side in the axial direction, like the fifth step 79. The fourth step 78 is also provided with a first protrusion 81, a second protrusion 82, a third protrusion 83, and a fourth protrusion 84. Between the 1st protrusion part 81 and the 2nd protrusion part 82, between the 2nd protrusion part 82 and the 3rd protrusion part 83, between the 3rd protrusion part 83 and the 4th protrusion part 84, the 4th protrusion part 84 Between the first protrusion 81 and the first protrusion 81, a groove having an L-shape as viewed from the front end in the axial direction is formed, and a part of each stepped groove 57 is formed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 12, a cutting tip seat 103 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the first protrusion 81 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat 88 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the second projecting portion 82 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat 103 (see FIG. 12) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed in the inner surface of the third protrusion 83 that faces the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat (not shown) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the fourth protrusion 84 facing the stepped groove 57.

  Then, an elongated rectangular tip 91 is fitted into the cutting tip seat 103 recessed in the first projecting portion 81 and fixed with a bolt 97. A square tip 92 formed in a square shape is fitted into the cutting tip seat 88 recessed in the second projecting portion 82 and fixed by a bolt 97 (see FIG. 13). A rectangular tip 91 is fitted in the cutting tip seat 103 provided in the third protruding portion 83 and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). A square tip 92 (see FIG. 14) is fitted into a cutting tip seat (not shown) recessed in the fourth projecting portion 84, and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). At this time, the rectangular chip 91 is arranged so that one of the four corners faces the radially outer side of the tool body 73. Furthermore, the square chip 92 is also arranged so that one of the four corners faces the outside of the tool body 73 in the radial direction.

  Next, the structure of the third step portion 77 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 12 to 14, the third step portion 77 is a prism having a substantially cross shape when viewed from the front end side in the axial direction, like the fifth step portion 79. The third step 77 is also provided with a first protrusion 81, a second protrusion 82, a third protrusion 83, and a fourth protrusion 84. Between the 1st protrusion part 81 and the 2nd protrusion part 82, between the 2nd protrusion part 82 and the 3rd protrusion part 83, between the 3rd protrusion part 83 and the 4th protrusion part 84, the 4th protrusion part 84 Between the first protrusion 81 and the first protrusion 81, a groove having an L-shape as viewed from the front end in the axial direction is formed, and a part of each stepped groove 57 is formed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 12, a cutting tip seat 102 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the first projecting portion 81 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat 87 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the second protrusion 82 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat 102 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the third projecting portion 83 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat (not shown) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the fourth protrusion 84 facing the stepped groove 57.

  Then, an elongated rectangular tip 91 is fitted into the cutting tip seat 102 provided in the first projecting portion 81 and fixed with bolts 97. A square tip 92 formed in a square shape is fitted into the cutting tip seat 87 provided in the second protrusion 82 so as to be fixed by a bolt 97 (see FIG. 13). A rectangular tip 91 is fitted in the cutting tip seat 102 provided in the third projecting portion 83 and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). A square tip 92 (see FIG. 14) is fitted into a cutting tip seat (not shown) recessed in the fourth projecting portion 84, and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). At this time, the rectangular chip 91 is arranged so that one of the four corners faces the radially outer side of the tool body 73. Furthermore, the square chip 92 is also arranged so that one of the four corners faces the outside of the tool body 73 in the radial direction.

  Next, the structure of the second step portion 76 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 12 to 14, the second step portion 76 is a prism having a substantially cross shape when viewed from the front end side in the axial direction, like the fifth step portion 79. The second projecting portion 76 is also provided with a first projecting portion 81, a second projecting portion 82, a third projecting portion 83, and a fourth projecting portion 84. Between the 1st protrusion part 81 and the 2nd protrusion part 82, between the 2nd protrusion part 82 and the 3rd protrusion part 83, between the 3rd protrusion part 83 and the 4th protrusion part 84, the 4th protrusion part 84 Between the first protrusion 81 and the first protrusion 81, a groove having an L-shape as viewed from the front end in the axial direction is formed, and a part of each stepped groove 57 is formed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 12, a cutting tip seat 101 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the first projecting portion 81 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat 86 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the second projecting portion 82 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat 101 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the third projecting portion 83 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat (not shown) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the fourth protrusion 84 facing the stepped groove 57.

  A long and narrow rectangular tip 91 is fitted into the cutting tip seat 101 provided in the first projecting portion 81 so as to be fixed by a bolt 97. A square tip 92 formed in a square shape is fitted into the cutting tip seat 86 recessed in the second projecting portion 82 and fixed by a bolt 97 (see FIG. 13). A rectangular tip 91 is fitted into the cutting tip seat 101 provided in the third protruding portion 83 and is fixed with a bolt (not shown). A square tip 92 (see FIG. 14) is fitted into a cutting tip seat (not shown) recessed in the fourth projecting portion 84, and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). At this time, the rectangular chip 91 is arranged so that one of the four corners faces the radially outer side of the tool body 73. Further, the square chip 92 is also arranged so that one of the four corners faces the outside of the tool body 73 in the radial direction.

  Next, the structure of the 1st step part 75 is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 12 to FIG. 14, the first step portion 75 is a prism having a substantially cruciform shape as viewed from the axial front end side, like the fifth step portion 79. The first projecting portion 81, the second projecting portion 82, the third projecting portion 83, and the fourth projecting portion 84 are also provided in the first step portion 75. Between the 1st protrusion part 81 and the 2nd protrusion part 82, between the 2nd protrusion part 82 and the 3rd protrusion part 83, between the 3rd protrusion part 83 and the 4th protrusion part 84, the 4th protrusion part 84 Between the first protrusion 81 and the first protrusion 81, a groove having an L-shape as viewed from the front end in the axial direction is formed, and a part of each stepped groove 57 is formed.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12, a cutting tip seat 85 formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the second projecting portion 82 facing the stepped groove 57. A cutting tip seat (not shown) formed in a rectangular shape is recessed on the inner surface of the fourth protrusion 84 facing the stepped groove 57.

  A square tip 92 formed in a square shape is fitted into the cutting tip seat 85 recessed in the second projecting portion 82, and is fixed by a bolt 97 (see FIG. 13). A square tip 92 (see FIG. 14) is fitted into a cutting tip seat (not shown) recessed in the fourth projecting portion 84, and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). At this time, the square tip 92 is disposed so that one of the four corners faces the radially outer side of the tool body 73.

  Next, the positional relationship between the rectangular chip 91, the square chip 92, the seed chip 95, and the circular chip 96 in the axial direction of the intermediate finishing cutter 70 will be described. As shown in FIG. 15, first, in the first step portion 75, the square tip 92 fixed to the second protrusion 82 and the square tip 92 fixed to the fourth protrusion 84 are in the same row in the axial direction. Placed on top.

  Further, in the second step portion 76 to the fourth step portion 78, the rectangular chip 91 fixed to the first protrusion 81 and the third protrusion 83, respectively, and the second protrusion 82 and the fourth protrusion 84, respectively. The square chips 92 are arranged in a staggered manner in the axial direction. Further, in the fifth step portion 79, the circular tip 96 fixed to the first protrusion 81 and the third protrusion 83, respectively, and the seed tip 95 fixed to the second protrusion 82 and the fourth protrusion 84, respectively. Are arranged so that the arc portions overlap each other.

  Next, AR and RR of the rectangular chip 91, the square chip 92, the seed chip 95, and the circular chip 96 fixed to the second step portion 76 to the fifth step portion 79 will be described. Here, “AR” refers to the axial rake angle of the tool body 73. In the intermediate finishing cutter 70 of the present embodiment, the AR and RR of the rectangular tip 91, the square tip 92, the seed tip 95, and the circular tip 96 move from the front end side to the rear end side of the tool body 73. Each part gradually increases.

  First, AR will be described. For example, as shown in FIG. 16, the two circular tips 96 fixed to the fifth step portion 79 are in contact with the workpiece from the cutting edge point P of the tool edge in the rotational direction of the tool body 73. Inclined and fixed. Here, when the direction in which the tool body 73 is inclined so as to come into contact with the workpiece from the cutting edge point P of the tool in the rotation direction is a plus (+) direction, the tool body 73 is fixed to the fifth step 79. The AR of the two circular tips 96 is 3 ° in the plus direction. Note that the direction in which the tool body 73 is inclined so as to come into contact with the workpiece from the cutting edge of the tool in the rotational direction of the tool body 73 is defined as a minus (−) direction. Further, the tool body 73 rotates counterclockwise when the tool body 73 is viewed from the front end side in the axial direction.

  Further, the AR of the two square chips 92 fixed to the fourth step 78 is 5 °. The AR of the two square chips 92 fixed to the third step portion 77 is 7 ° in the plus direction. The AR of the two square chips 92 fixed to the second step portion 76 is 9 ° in the plus direction. Thus, in the second protrusions 82 and the fourth protrusions 84 (see FIG. 14) of each step, the ARs of the circular tip 96 and the square tip 92 are directed from the front end side to the rear end side of the tool body 73. As a result, each step portion gradually increases in the positive direction. That is, as it goes from the front end side to the rear end side of the tool body 73, AR = 3 °, 5 °, 7 °, 9 ° is adjusted for each step portion, and the rake angle gradually increases in the positive direction. Yes. In the present embodiment, the AR of the square chip 92 fixed to the first step portion 75 is adjusted to 9 ° in the same manner as the AR of the square chip 92 fixed to the second step portion 76. However, it may be larger.

  On the other hand, the two seed tips 95 fixed to the fifth step 79 also come into contact with the workpiece from the cutting edge point P of the tool in the rotational direction of the tool body 73 as shown in FIG. It is tilted and fixed. Here, the AR of the two seed chips 95 fixed to the fifth step 79 is 3 °.

  Furthermore, the AR of the two rectangular chips 91 fixed to the fourth step 78 is 5 °. The AR of the two rectangular chips 91 fixed to the third step portion 77 is 7 ° in the minus direction. The AR of the two rectangular chips 91 fixed to the second step portion 76 is 9 ° in the minus direction. In this way, in the first protrusion 81 and the third protrusion 83 (see FIG. 14) of each step, the AR of the seed tip 95 and the rectangular tip 91 is from the front end side to the rear end side of the tool body 73. As it goes, it gradually increases in the positive direction for each step. That is, as it goes from the front end side to the rear end side of the tool body 73, AR = 3 °, 5 °, 7 °, 9 ° is adjusted for each step portion, and the rake angle gradually increases in the positive direction. Yes.

  Next, RR will be described. As shown in FIG. 14, the RRs of the two seed tips 95 and the two circular tips 96 fixed to the fifth step portion 79 are each −2 °. The RRs of the two rectangular chips 91 and the two square chips 92 fixed to the fourth step 78 in a staggered manner are 0 °. The RRs of the two rectangular chips 91 and the two square chips 92 fixed to the third step 77 in a zigzag pattern are + 3 °. The RRs of the two rectangular chips 91 and the two square chips 92 fixed to the second step portion 76 in a staggered manner are + 5 °. That is, as it goes from the front end side to the rear end side of the tool body 73, RR = −2 °, 0 °, + 3 °, + 5 ° is adjusted for each step portion, and gradually increases in the positive direction. In the present embodiment, the RR of the square chip 92 fixed to the first step portion 75 is adjusted to 5 ° in the same manner as the RR of the square chip 92 fixed to the second step portion 76. Or larger.

  Thus, chatter vibration can be suppressed by changing AR and RR of the seed chip 95, the circular chip 96, the rectangular chip 91, and the square chip 92 for each step portion, and the intermediate finish shape 3 (see FIG. 11). ), The roughness of the cutting surface can be made uniform even at parts with different tool diameters. The demonstration of this effect will be described later.

  Next, referring to FIG. 18, a cutting method of the semifinished shape 3 based on the rotation locus of the rectangular tip 91, the rotation locus of the square tip 92, the rotation locus of the seed tip 95, and the rotation locus of the circular tip 96 will be described. I will explain. FIG. 18 shows the rotation trajectory of each of the tips 91, 92, 95, 96 when the tool body 73 is viewed in a cross section along the axial direction. Here, the description will be made assuming that the rear end side in the axial direction of the tool body 23 is “upper side” and the front end side in the axial direction is “lower side”. As shown in FIG. 18, first, in the first step portion 75, a cutting path is formed by one side below the corner portion protruding outward in the radial direction in the rotation locus of the square tip 92. By this cutting path, the rear end side of the first wide portion 11 of the planned blade root shape 10 is cut while leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65.

  Further, in the second step portion 76, the corner portion protruding outward in the radial direction in the rotation trajectory of the rectangular tip 91, the two sides sandwiching the corner portion in the center, and the corner portion protruding outward in the radial direction of the square tip 92 are provided. A V-shaped cutting path is formed by the lower side. By this V-shaped cutting path, the first narrow portion 15 is cut while leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65.

  Further, in the third step portion 77, corner portions protruding outward in the radial direction in the rotation trajectory of the rectangular chip 91, two sides sandwiching the corner portion in the center, and corner portions protruding outward in the radial direction of the square chip 92. A V-shaped cutting path is formed by the lower side. By this V-shaped cutting path, the second narrow portion 16 is cut while leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65.

  Further, in the fourth step portion 78, the corner portion protruding outward in the radial direction in the rotation trajectory of the rectangular chip 91, the two sides sandwiching the corner portion in the center, and the corner portion protruding outward in the radial direction of the square chip 92 are provided. A V-shaped cutting path is formed by the lower side. By this V-shaped cutting path, the third narrow portion 17 is cut while leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65.

  In the fifth step portion 79, an arc-shaped cutting path is formed by the arc portion of the seed tip 95, one side extending from the arc portion, and the arc portion in the rotation locus of the circular tip 96. By this arc-shaped cutting path, the fourth narrow portion 18 is cut while leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65.

  In this manner, in the intermediate finishing cutter 70, the rectangular chips 91 and the square chips 92 are arranged in a staggered manner in the second to fourth step portions 76 to 78. In contrast to one blade formed on each step portion of the conventional high-speed type intermediate finishing cutter, the intermediate finishing cutter 70 includes a pair of rectangular chips 91 and square chips 92 to form one blade. That is, in the 2nd-4th step parts 86-88, since four chips | tips are arrange | positioned at zigzag form, it forms two blades. In the conventional high-speed type intermediate finishing cutter, a large number of blades (for example, 6 blades) must be provided in order to cut a complicated intermediate finishing shape.

  Thus, by arranging the pair of rectangular tips 91 and square tips 92 in a staggered manner like the intermediate finishing cutter 70, the contact frequency with the outer peripheral surface of the blade root 1 can be effectively reduced. Thereby, since the load received from the blade root 1 can be reduced, the cutting speed by the intermediate finishing cutter 70 can be increased, so that the cutting feed can be accelerated. Therefore, the work in the intermediate finishing process can be performed efficiently.

  Further, in the intermediate finishing cutter 70, the portion corresponding to the fourth narrow portion 18 of the planned blade root shape 10 is divided into two seed tips 95 fixed to the fifth step portion 79 and two circular tips. Cut with 96. These four chips are arranged on the same line in the axial direction. In other words, the second to fourth step portions 76 to 78 form two blades, whereas the fifth step portion 79 forms four blades. This is because a more stable machining can be realized by increasing the number of blades in a portion where the cutting amount is large, such as the fourth narrow portion 18 as compared with other portions.

  Further, since the rectangular tip 91 and the square tip 92 used in the intermediate finishing cutter 70 have a simple shape similar to the rough cutting cutter 20 described above, a commercially available conventional throw-away tip can be used. That is, since it is not necessary to manufacture a chip having a new shape in order to use the intermediate finishing cutter 70, it is possible to provide the intermediate finishing cutter 70 which is inexpensive and easy to use.

  In the intermediate finishing process, the first wide portion 11, the second wide portion 12, the third wide portion 13, and the fourth wide portion 14 of the planned blade root shape 10 have already been cut in the rough cutting step. The first narrow portion 15, the second narrow portion 16, the third narrow portion 17, and the fourth narrow portion 18 except for these are cut leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65. And the part corresponding to the 1st wide part 11, the 2nd wide part 12, the 3rd wide part 13, and the 4th wide part 14 is reduced in diameter direction inside among the tool main bodies 73, but it has already been cut Therefore, it does not contact the outer peripheral surface of the blade root 1.

  Thereby, an excessive load is not applied to the reduced diameter portion, which is weaker than other portions. Therefore, since the cutting feed by the intermediate finishing cutter 70 can be accelerated, the intermediate finishing shape 3 can be efficiently cut. Further, since an excessive load is not applied to the reduced diameter portion, chatter noise (abnormal noise) and vibration generated during machining can be suppressed, and there is no possibility of breakage during cutting. In this way, by using the intermediate finishing cutter 70, the predetermined cutting allowance 65 is left for all the portions of the planned blade root shape 10 with respect to the blade root 1 on which the rough-cut shape 2 is formed. Thus, the intermediate finish shape 3 can be cut efficiently.

  Next, the finishing step (S12) will be described. As shown in FIG. 19, the intermediate finish shape 3 is cut using a finishing cutter 100 formed in an inverted Christmas tree shape with respect to the blade root 1 from which the intermediate finish shape 3 has been cut in the intermediate finishing step. Then, the predetermined cutting allowance 65 is cut off at a time. Thus, the cutting process of the blade root 1 is completed.

  As described above, the blade root cutting process for cutting the blade root 1 includes three steps of a roughing process, a semi-finishing process, and a finishing process. In the rough cutting process, the rough cutting shape 2 is cut with respect to the blade root 1 by using a throwaway rough cutting cutter 20. By cutting the rough shape 2, the first wide portion 11, the second wide portion 12, the third wide portion 13, and the fourth wide portion 14 of the planned blade root shape 10 are cut while leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65. it can. Next, in the intermediate finishing step, the intermediate finishing shape 3 is cut with respect to the blade root 1 using the intermediate finishing cutter 70 according to the present embodiment. The intermediate finishing cutter 70 is a throw-away cutting rotary tool, like the rough cutting cutter 20. The intermediate finishing cutter 70 includes a tool main body 73 that is reduced in a step shape. The tool main body 73 is configured by first to fifth step portions 75 to 79.

  In each step portion, even-numbered chip seats are recessed in the circumferential direction and arranged in a staggered manner in the axial direction. For example, rectangular chips 91 and square chips 92 are alternately fitted and fixed to the chip seats in the second step portion 76 to the fourth step portion 78 in the circumferential direction. Since the pair of rectangular chips 91 and the square chips 92 form one blade, the second to fourth step portions 76 to 78 form two blades. Therefore, since the contact frequency with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the blade root 1 can be effectively reduced, the load received from the blade root 1 can be reduced.

  Further, from this, the cutting speed by the intermediate finishing cutter 70 can be increased and cutting feed can be accelerated, so that the work in the intermediate finishing process can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, since the rectangular tip 91 and the square tip 92 used in the intermediate finishing cutter 70 have a simple shape, a commercially available conventional throw-away tip can be used. Therefore, it is possible to provide the intermediate finishing cutter 70 which is inexpensive and easy to use.

  Moreover, the rough cutting shape 2 can be cut by using the rough cutting cutter 20. In the rough cutting shape 2, the first wide portion 11, the second wide portion 12, the third wide portion 13, and the fourth wide portion 14 of the planned blade root shape 10 have already been cut leaving a cutting allowance 65. Thereby, in the intermediate finishing process which is the next process, it is not necessary to cut portions corresponding to the first wide portion 11, the second wide portion 12, the third wide portion 13, and the fourth wide portion 14. In the intermediate finishing process, the intermediate finishing cutter 70 formed in a reverse Christmas tree shape is used, but the portion that is reduced inward in the radial direction, which is weaker than other parts, has already been cut leaving the cutting allowance 65. This corresponds to the first wide portion 11, the second wide portion 12, the third wide portion 13, and the fourth wide portion 14. That is, since the reduced diameter portion of the intermediate finishing cutter 70 does not contact the outer peripheral surface of the blade root 1, it is possible to prevent an excessive load from being applied. Moreover, since the cutting feed by the intermediate finishing cutter 70 can be made faster, the intermediate finishing shape 3 can be cut efficiently. Furthermore, since an excessive load is not applied to the reduced diameter portion, chatter noise (abnormal noise) and vibration generated during machining can be suppressed, and there is no possibility of breakage during cutting.

つまり、工具Ａの径は、１００．０ｍｍ、刃数は２枚、切削速度は１５０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、刃あたり送りは０．０８ｍｍ／刃、回転数は４７７．５ｍｉｎ−^１に設定した。一方、工具Ｂの径は、１００．０ｍｍ、刃数は８枚、切削速度は２０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、刃あたり送りは０．０２ｍｍ／刃、回転数は６３．７ｍｉｎ−^１に設定した。なお、工具Ａである中仕上げ用カッタ７０の刃数は、上記したように、２種類のチップを千鳥状に配置していることから、翼根１の外周面に接触して切削する刃の数として計算すると、２刃となる。 Next, in order to confirm the effect of using the intermediate finishing cutter 70, in the intermediate finishing process, the intermediate finishing cutter 70 (tool A) and the conventional high-speed intermediate finishing cutter (tool) are used. Evaluation was made in comparison with the case of using B). In this evaluation test 1, the cutting feed when using the throw-away type tool A and the cutting feed when using the conventional high-speed type tool B were measured and evaluated. The conditions (diameter, number of blades) and cutting conditions (cutting speed, feed per blade, number of rotations) of each tool are as shown in Table 1 below.

That is, the diameter of the tool A was set to 100.0 mm, the number of blades was 2, the cutting speed was set to 150 mm / min, the feed per blade was set to 0.08 mm / tooth, and the rotation speed was set to 477.5 min- ¹ . On the other hand, the diameter of the tool B was set to 100.0 mm, the number of blades was 8, the cutting speed was set to 20 mm / min, the feed per blade was set to 0.02 mm / tooth, and the rotation speed was set to 63.7 min- ¹ . Note that the number of blades of the intermediate finishing cutter 70 as the tool A is such that, as described above, two types of chips are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the blades that come into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the blade root 1 are cut. When calculated as a number, it becomes 2 blades.

  As shown in FIG. 20 and Table 1, when the tool B is used, in order to cut the complicated intermediate finish shape 3, the cutting speed and the number of rotations are increased because eight blades are applied to the workpiece for cutting. I could not. Therefore, the cutting feed when using the tool B was 10.2 mm / min. On the other hand, when the tool A is used, since only two blades are applied to the workpiece, the impact received from the workpiece can be reduced, so that the cutting speed and the rotational speed can be increased with respect to the tool B. . Thereby, the cutting feed when using the tool A was dramatically faster than the tool B, and was 76.4 mm / min. From these results, it was proved that by using the tool A, the intermediate finish 3 can be efficiently cut on the blade root 1.

つまり、同レーキ品の各チップのＡＲは、全て０°であり、ＲＲは、全て−２°である。一方、可変レーキ品の各チップのＡＲは、第５段部では３°、第４段部では５°、第３段部では７°、第２段部では９°である。なお、上記したように、各段部において、各チップのＡＲはプラス方向に３°、５°、７°、９°である。ＲＲは、第５段部では−２°、第４段部では０°、第３段部では３°、第２段部では５°である。 Next, in order to confirm the effect of changing the AR and RR of each chip of the intermediate finishing cutter 70, in the intermediate finishing process, the intermediate finishing cutter that does not change the AR and RR of each chip is used. Evaluation was made in comparison with the case of using a variable rake rough cutting cutter in which AR and RR of each chip were changed. In this evaluation test 2, the intermediate finish shape 3 (see FIG. 11) was cut using the rake product and the variable rake product, and the roughness of the cut surface was measured and evaluated. Specifically, the first blade of the planned blade root shape 10 shown in FIG. 11 is formed by chips (rectangular chip 91, square chip 92, seed chip 95, and circular chip 96) fixed to each step of the intermediate finishing cutter. L-shaped cutting surfaces constricted radially inward corresponding to the narrow portion 15, the second narrow portion 16, the third narrow portion 17, and the fourth narrow portion 18 are formed. And each roughness (Ra (micrometer)) of the upper surface and lower surface which comprises the L-shaped cutting surface was measured. Here, the upper surface of the cutting surface is formed by the side blades of the rectangular chip 91 and the side blades of the seed chip 95, and the lower surface of the cutting surface is formed by the side blades of the square chip 92 and the side blades of the circular chip 96. To form. The AR and RR of the chip in each step of the rake product and variable rake product are as shown in Table 2 below.

That is, the ARs of the chips of the rake product are all 0 °, and the RRs are all −2 °. On the other hand, the AR of each chip of the variable rake product is 3 ° at the fifth step, 5 ° at the fourth step, 7 ° at the third step, and 9 ° at the second step. As described above, in each step, the AR of each chip is 3 °, 5 °, 7 °, and 9 ° in the plus direction. RR is −2 ° in the fifth stage, 0 ° in the fourth stage, 3 ° in the third stage, and 5 ° in the second stage.

図２１及び表３に示すように、同レーキ品では、第５段部の各チップ（第５段部チップ）によって切削される切削面の上面粗さは３．８（μｍ）、下面粗さは４．１（μｍ）であり、第４段部の各チップ（第４段部チップ）によって切削される切削面の上面粗さは５．７（μｍ）、下面粗さは、６．８（μｍ）であり、第３段部の各チップ（第３段部チップ）によって切削される切削面の上面粗さは６．２（μｍ）、下面粗さは７．６（μｍ）であり、第２段部の各チップ（第２段部チップ）によって切削される切削面の上面粗さは９．８（μｍ）、下面粗さは１１．２（μｍ）であった。 Next, the result of the evaluation test 2 will be described.

As shown in FIG. 21 and Table 3, in the rake product, the top surface roughness of the cutting surface cut by each of the fifth step tips (fifth step tip) is 3.8 (μm), and the bottom surface roughness Is 4.1 (μm), the upper surface roughness of the cutting surface cut by each of the fourth step chips (fourth step chip) is 5.7 (μm), and the lower surface roughness is 6.8. The top surface roughness of the cutting surface cut by each third stage chip (third stage chip) is 6.2 (μm), and the bottom surface roughness is 7.6 (μm). The top surface roughness of the cutting surface cut by each chip of the second step portion (second step portion chip) was 9.8 (μm), and the bottom surface roughness was 11.2 (μm).

  On the other hand, in the variable rake product, the upper surface roughness of the cutting surface cut by the fifth step chip (fifth step chip) is 3.2 (μm), and the lower surface roughness is 3.5 (μm). Yes, the top surface roughness of the cutting surface cut by each of the chips in the fourth step (fourth step chip) is 3.8 (μm), the bottom surface roughness is 4.1 (μm), and the third step The top surface roughness of the cutting surface cut by each chip (third step chip) is 3.9 (μm), the bottom surface roughness is 4.3 (μm), and each chip of the second step ( The top surface roughness of the cutting surface cut by the second step chip) was 3.5 (μm), and the bottom surface roughness was 4.5 (μm). Therefore, the variable rake product obtained a uniform and good cutting surface with less variation in roughness on both the upper surface and the lower surface than the rake product. Therefore, the effect by changing AR and RR of each chip of the intermediate finishing cutter 70 was demonstrated.

  In the above embodiment, the intermediate finishing cutter 70 that is the “throw away type cutting rotary tool” of the present disclosure is, for example, an end mill or a side cutter.

  Needless to say, the present disclosure can be variously modified. For example, in the above embodiment, the intermediate finishing cutter 70 includes the tool body 73 including the first to fifth step portions 75 to 79, but the number of step portions is not limited to this and should be formed. What is necessary is just to adjust according to the outline shape of a blade root.

  In the roughing step, the first wide portion 11, the second wide portion 12, the third wide portion 13, and the fourth wide portion 14 were all cut first, leaving a predetermined cutting allowance 65. What is necessary is just to cut about the narrow part of the front end side whose root width is extremely narrow at least.

  The throw-away cutting rotary tool of the present disclosure is not limited to the blade root of the turbine blade, and can be applied to a case where a tree-like base shape is cut.

Claims (4)

A blade root of a turbine blade mounted on the outer periphery of the rotor, which is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the blade root, and gradually narrows while increasing or decreasing the root width toward the tip side in a reverse Christmas tree shape. A throw-away cutting rotary tool for performing intermediate finishing of the blade root, which has a narrow portion with a narrowed root width and a wide portion with a widened root width. ,
A tool body having a plurality of stepped portions on a side surface that rotates around an axis and is formed to have a small diameter stepwise toward the tip in the axial direction, corresponding to the number of the narrowed portions formed in the blade root; ,
A first tip seat consisting of at least an even number formed in the outer periphery and circumferential direction of the step on the tip end side in the axial direction of the tool body;
A second tip comprising at least an even number formed in an outer periphery and a circumferential direction of a step portion arranged on the rear end side of the step portion on the front end side of the tool body and recessed in a staggered manner with respect to the axial direction. With seats,
In the first chip seat,
A first chip in which both ends of a pair of straight sides parallel to each other are connected by an arc;
The second chips formed in a disk shape are alternately fitted in the circumferential direction of the tool body and fixed,
In the second chip seat,
A third chip formed in a rectangular shape;
In a state where the fourth tip formed in a rectangular shape protrudes one corner of the tool tip radially outward of the tool body, it is alternately fitted in the circumferential direction of the tool body and fixed ,
As an arc portion of the front Symbol first chip, and one side connected to one end of the arcuate portion by an arcuate portion of the second chip, the narrow portion formed on the most rear end side of the blade root Form an arc-shaped cutting path for cutting
One corner of the third tip, two sides connected to the one corner , and one side connected to the one corner of the fourth tip are formed on the most rear end side of the blade root. Forming a V-shaped cutting path for cutting the narrow portion other than the narrow portion;
The first chip, the second chip, the third chip, and the fourth chip constitute a right blade in each of the plurality of steps.
The groove formed between the first chip seats and between the second chip seats is a left-handed twist,
The first chip, the second chip, as rake angle in the third axis direction that put the chip and the tool body of the fourth chip, toward the rear end side from the tip end side in the axial direction of the tool body, A throw-away cutting rotary tool characterized by being gradually increased for each stepped portion. The throwaway cutting rotary tool according to claim 1 , wherein the rake angle in the axial direction is varied within a range of 3 to 9 °. The first chip, the second chip, as rake angle in the third chip and the fourth radius direction that put on the tool body of the chip toward the rear end side from the tip end side in the axial direction of the tool body, The throwaway cutting rotary tool according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the stepwise cutting tool gradually increases. The throwaway cutting rotary tool according to claim 3 , wherein the rake angle in the radial direction is varied within a range of −2 to 5 °.

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