JP5419548B2 - Waveguide choke structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waveguide choke structure.

  In the connection between rectangular waveguides, a choke groove is formed in the vicinity of one connection side opening end of two rectangular waveguides to be connected in order to prevent deterioration of transmission characteristics and unnecessary radiation due to a gap generated between the connection ends. Provided. The choke groove is defined by a distance L1 from the connection-side opening edge of the rectangular waveguide, a depth L2, and a width L3.

  By the way, the array antenna has the property that the beam scanning range is expanded as the array arrangement interval is narrowed, and the grading lobe which is a problem in the directivity pattern of the array antenna is reduced. The array arrangement interval that can completely suppress the grading lobes is required to be 0.5λ or less if the free space wavelength is λ.

  When the feed line of the array antenna is a rectangular waveguide, a plurality of rectangular waveguides that are the feed lines are arranged in parallel. Therefore, in each feed portion of the array antenna, the rectangular waveguide that is the feed line is used. The tube and the other rectangular waveguide are connected by a choke structure. In this case, in order to make the array spacing as narrow as possible, the rectangular waveguides that are feed lines in the array antenna are arranged on a plane with the wide walls facing each other. Rather than being arranged, the distance corresponding to the dimension of the choke structure protruding outward from the wall surface of the rectangular waveguide, that is, the distance L1 from the opening edge of the rectangular waveguide to the choke groove and the width L3 of the choke groove They are juxtaposed with a distance of plus. Therefore, the array arrangement interval depends not on the arrangement interval of the rectangular waveguides but on the size of the choke structure.

JP 2003-188601 A

  Here, generally, when one end of the distributed constant line is short-circuited, open positions and short positions are alternately formed on the distributed constant line at intervals of 0.25λ. Since the conventional waveguide choke structure needs to meet this requirement, the distance L1 from the opening edge of the rectangular waveguide to the choke groove, the depth L2 of the choke groove, and the width of the choke groove All L3 are set to 0.25λ (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  When such a conventional waveguide choke structure is used for the feeding portion of the array antenna, both the distance L1 from the opening edge of the rectangular waveguide to the choke groove and the width L3 of the choke groove are 0.25λ. Therefore, the array arrangement interval is an interval obtained by adding the distance from the tube axis of each rectangular waveguide to the opening edge to the total value of 0.75λ. This interval is an interval exceeding 1λ, which is far from the 0.5λ interval at which the grading lobe can be suppressed. For this reason, when the conventional waveguide choke structure is used for the feeding portion of the array antenna, there is a problem that the generation of grading lobes is unavoidable and the beam scanning range is limited.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a compact waveguide choke structure in which a protruding portion from a wall surface of a rectangular waveguide is reduced.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention provides an opening edge of the rectangular waveguide when the choke groove provided near the connection-side opening end of the rectangular waveguide has a free space wavelength of λ. The distance L1 is smaller than the depth L2 in the range where the total of the distance L1 from the choke groove and the depth L2 of the choke groove is about 0.5λ.

  According to the present invention, in the waveguide choke structure, the distance L1 from the opening edge of the rectangular waveguide to the choke groove and the depth L2 of the choke groove are important, and the width of the choke groove may be arbitrary. Focusing on the points, the sum of the distance L1 and the depth L2 is determined to be about 0.5λ as in the conventional case, and within the range, the distance L1 is set in a relationship such that the distance L1 <the depth L2. Can be made shorter than the conventional 0.25λ. Further, since the width of the choke groove may be arbitrary, it can be as short as possible, which is 0.25λ or less. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a compact waveguide choke structure in which the protruding portion from the wall surface of the rectangular waveguide is made smaller than in the conventional case.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a waveguide choke structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram obtained by analyzing the frequency characteristics of reflection and interchannel coupling amount of the waveguide choke structure shown in FIG. 1 by a finite element method. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the array arrangement interval in an array antenna that uses a conventional waveguide choke structure as a feeding portion. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the array arrangement interval in an array antenna using the waveguide choke structure shown in FIG.

  Embodiments of a waveguide choke structure according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by this embodiment.

  FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a waveguide choke structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ shown in FIG. 1. The waveguide choke structure according to the present invention is not applied only to the connection between rectangular waveguides used for transmission lines in the microwave band and the millimeter wave band. Array antennas that transmit and receive have been widely used, and there are antennas that use rectangular waveguides for their feed lines. Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, when the feed line of the array antenna that transmits and receives microwaves and millimeter wave electromagnetic waves is a rectangular waveguide, each feed part of the array antenna The waveguide choke structure used in Fig. 1 will be described in mind.

  In many cases, a rectangular waveguide used for a transmission line of a microwave band or a millimeter wave band is formed integrally with a so-called flange provided at an end thereof, and the flange has a plate shape and is formed with a waveguide plate. being called. In many cases, a plurality of rectangular waveguides are integrally formed at a predetermined interval so as to share one waveguide plate. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, for example, when two rectangular waveguides are integrally formed at a predetermined interval on one waveguide plate, the two waveguide plates face each other, A choke structure in the case of connecting two rectangular waveguides is shown.

  That is, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, among the opposing waveguide plates 1a and 1b, the waveguide plate 1a has two rectangular waveguides 2a and 3a having a predetermined length in the thickness direction. In the waveguide plate 1b, two rectangular waveguides 2b and 3b having a predetermined length in the thickness direction are integrally formed at a predetermined interval. In such a waveguide structure, the open ends of the rectangular waveguides 2a and 2b are abutted and connected so that their tube axes coincide with each other, and the open ends of the rectangular waveguides 3a and 3b are connected to each other. When the abutting connection is made so that the tube axes coincide with each other, a gap 4 is often generated between the opposing surfaces of the waveguide plates 1a and 1b.

  One rectangular waveguide 2a, 2b transmits a microwave or millimeter wave high frequency signal of a certain channel, and the other rectangular waveguide 3a, 3b transmits a microwave band or millimeter wave of another channel. Transmits high frequency signals in the band. In this case, if the gap 4 is generated between the waveguide plates 1a and 1b, reflection and unnecessary radiation are generated. Therefore, in addition to the deterioration of the transmission characteristics of the high-frequency signal of each channel, the adjacent parallel channels are also provided. Interference of high-frequency signals occurs between the two channels transmitted in this manner.

  In order to prevent this, two of the opposing waveguide plates 1a and 1b facing each other on the opposing surface of the waveguide plate 1a in the example shown in FIG. A choke groove 5 is provided between the wide walls facing each other of the rectangular waveguides 2a and 2b with a distance L1 from the opening edge of the rectangular waveguide to the choke groove 5 interposed therebetween. The choke groove 5 has a width L3 and a depth L2.

  As described above, generally, when one end of the distributed constant line is short-circuited, open positions and short positions are alternately formed on the distributed constant line at intervals of 0.25λ. Therefore, conventionally, it was considered necessary to set L1 = 0.25λ, L2 = 0.25λ, and L3 = 0.25λ. However, in the waveguide choke structure, the position of the short needs to coincide with the opening edge of the rectangular waveguide, but the position of the open and the width L3 of the choke groove are not particularly important.

  Focusing on this point, in the present embodiment, the distance L1 from the opening edge of the rectangular waveguide to the choke groove 5 and the depth L2 of the choke groove 5 are dimensions that define the choke structure. The width L3 of the choke groove 5 is determined as follows.

  That is, the sum of the distance L1 and the depth L2 is set to approximately 0.5λ, and within the range, the distance L1 and the depth L2 are defined as a relationship of distance L1 <depth L2. Specifically, the distance L1 is 0.2λ or less, and the depth L2 is 0.3λ or more. Since the width L3 may be arbitrary, the width L3 is set to a value as short as possible of 0.25λ or less, which has been conventionally employed. Even in this setting, since the sum of the distance L1 and the depth L2 is approximately 0.5λ, the bottom surface of the choke groove 5 is an electrical short surface, and the opening edge of the rectangular waveguide is electrically Short circuit.

  Therefore, even if the gap 4 is generated between the waveguide plates 1a and 1b, the rectangular waveguides 2a and 2b are electrically continuous, so that good transmission characteristics can be obtained. Similarly, the rectangular waveguides 3a and 3b are also electrically continuous, and good transmission characteristics can be obtained. In addition, since a high frequency signal does not leak into the gap 4, interference between channels can be prevented.

  Next, the validity of the waveguide choke structure set as described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram obtained by analyzing the frequency characteristics of reflection and interchannel coupling amount of the waveguide choke structure shown in FIG. 1 by a finite element method. FIG. 3 shows the frequency characteristics (1) of reflection and the frequency characteristics (2) of the coupling amount between channels when the horizontal axis is normalized frequency and the vertical axis is amplitude [dB].

  In the analysis model, L1 = 0.1λ, L2 = 0.4λ, L3 = 0.1λ, and the gap 4 was 0.013λ. The rectangular waveguide has a long side of 0.64λ and a short side of 0.32λ. As shown in FIG. 3, the frequency characteristic (1) of reflection is −30 dB or less and the frequency characteristic (2) of the coupling amount between channels is −45 dB or less over the frequency band ± 10%. As described above, the waveguide choke structure according to the present embodiment set as described above can provide good transmission characteristics.

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, for example, two rectangular waveguides are adjacent to each other and face each other in parallel, and the rectangular waveguides are connected to each other by a choke structure. It can be seen that interference between channels can be prevented when high-frequency signals of different channels are transmitted adjacent to each other.

  Next, an array arrangement interval obtained when the waveguide choke structure is used for the feeding portion of the array antenna will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an array arrangement interval in an array antenna using a conventional waveguide choke structure as a power feeding unit. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the array arrangement interval in an array antenna using the waveguide choke structure shown in FIG. In each figure, the antenna element is not shown.

  An array antenna using a rectangular waveguide as a feed line has a configuration in which a plurality of rectangular waveguides to which antenna elements are attached are juxtaposed with their wide walls adjacent to each other. 4 and 5 show a case where four rectangular waveguides which are feed lines are juxtaposed with their wide walls adjacent to each other.

  In the conventional waveguide choke structure, L1 = 0.25λ and L3 = 0.25λ are set. Therefore, when the short side of the rectangular waveguide is 0.32λ, as shown in FIG. The array arrangement interval to be obtained is about 1.1λ (correctly 1.07λ) which is far from the interval 0.5λ capable of suppressing the grading lobe. Therefore, conventionally, the generation of grading lobes is unavoidable, and the beam scanning range is limited.

  On the other hand, in the waveguide choke structure according to the present embodiment, if the short side of the rectangular waveguide is set to 0.32λ, and L1 = 0.1λ and L3 = 0.1λ are set, FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the array interval can be reduced to about 0.6λ (correctly 0.62λ), which is close to the interval 0.5λ that can suppress the grading lobe. As a result, it is possible to suppress the grating lobe, which has been difficult in the past, and to expand the beam scanning range.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the distance L1 from the opening edge of the rectangular waveguide to the choke groove and the width L3 of the choke groove can be shortened as compared with the prior art. The portion that jumps out can be made as small as possible than before. Therefore, a waveguide choke structure can be obtained that allows the beam scanning range to be expanded by narrowing the array arrangement interval to such an extent that the grating lobe can be suppressed when used in the feeding portion of the array antenna.

  As described above, the waveguide choke structure according to the present invention is useful as a compact waveguide choke structure in which the protruding portion from the wall surface of the rectangular waveguide is reduced, and in particular, the feeding portion of the array antenna. It is suitable for suppressing the grating lobe and expanding the beam scanning range.

1a, 1b Opposing waveguide plates 2a, 3a Rectangular waveguides 2b, 3b formed integrally with the waveguide plate 1a Rectangular waveguides formed integrally with the waveguide plate 1b 4 Waveguide Clearance between tube plates 1a and 1b 5 Choke groove L1 Distance between opening edge of rectangular waveguide and choke groove L2 Depth of choke groove L3 Width of choke groove

Claims (2)

A first waveguide plate in which a first rectangular waveguide is formed in the thickness direction;
The second rectangular waveguide is formed in the thickness direction so that the tube axis of the second rectangular waveguide coincides with the tube axis of the first rectangular waveguide, and the first waveguide A second waveguide plate facing the plate;
A choke groove provided near an opening edge of the first rectangular waveguide in the first waveguide plate, wherein the choke groove is formed between the first waveguide plate and the second waveguide plate. A choke groove in which the open end of the choke groove is opened by a gap generated between the opposing surfaces;
With
When the free space wavelength is lambda, the first distance L1 from the opening edge of the rectangular waveguide to the open end of the choke groove, a total of about 0.5λ of the choke groove depth L2 Within the range, the distance L1 <the depth L2. In the first waveguide plate, a third rectangular waveguide is formed in the thickness direction at a predetermined interval from the first rectangular waveguide,
In the second waveguide plate, a fourth rectangular waveguide is formed in the thickness direction at a predetermined interval from the second rectangular waveguide,
The first waveguide plate and the second waveguide plate face each other such that the tube axis of the third rectangular waveguide coincides with the tube axis of the fourth rectangular waveguide. And
The choke groove includes a connection side opening edge of the first rectangular waveguide and the second rectangular waveguide and a connection side opening of the third rectangular waveguide and the fourth rectangular waveguide. Provided as a common choke groove with the edge,
Distance from the open end edge of the third rectangular waveguide to the open end of the choke groove, a distance L1 from the opening edge of the first rectangular waveguide to the open end of the choke groove The waveguide choke structure according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide choke structure is uniform .

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